改性Ｙ型分子筛的吸附脱硫性能以及苯，萘对吸附的影响

采用离子交换法制备了经金属离子改性的Y型分子筛吸附剂, 并用XRF, XRD, XPS对吸附剂的化学组成, 晶相结构等进行了表征. 以含噻吩, 苯并噻吩的辛烷溶液为模型燃料考察了吸附剂的吸附脱硫性能以及苯, 萘对脱硫的影响. 结果表明, Cu(Ⅰ)Y, CuZnY具有较大的吸附容量, 而苯对苯并噻吩吸附脱除性能几乎没有影响, 但对噻吩的吸附性能影响较大, 萘对苯并噻吩和噻吩的脱除都有较大的抑制作用. 并由此推测, 吸附剂与苯并噻吩或萘的结合比噻吩或苯更紧密, 吸附的机理是π络合.     

十六烷基三甲基溴化铵插层α-磷酸锆复合物的合成、表征及其对酚的吸附机理

利用甲胺消弱α-磷酸锆(α-ZrP)层间作用力, 合成了不同十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTMAB)含量插层α-ZrP的复合物CTMAB-ZrP. 通过X射线粉末衍射(XRD), 傅里叶变换红外(FTIR)光谱, 透射电子显微镜(TEM), 扫描电子显微镜(SEM)及氮气等温吸附对CTMAB-ZrP进行了表征, 推测了CTMAB在磷酸锆层间的排列形式. CTMAB-ZrP吸附水中苯酚的实验结果表明, CTMAB-ZrP对苯酚的吸附量不仅与CTMAB的插入量和层内空间位阻有关, 还与溶液的pH值密切相关. 对苯酚、2-氯苯酚、2,4-二氯苯酚、对甲基苯酚及3,5-二甲基苯酚的吸附实验结果表明, CTMAB-ZrP对酚类化合物的吸附量与酚的疏水性成正相关, 而与酚类化合物的酸性无关. Henry型和Freundlich型吸附等温方程都能很好地拟合CTMAB-ZrP对苯酚、2-氯苯酚和2,4-二氯苯酚的吸附过程, 表明吸附主要是酚在插层复合物层间有机相中的分配作用所致.     

Synthesis,Characterization and Adsorption Properties for Al-based Metal-organic Framework

Al-BTC MOFs were prepared in a facile manner via a solvothermal reaction and characterized using FT-IR, XRD, and SEM. The compound was then evaluated as an adsorbent to remove Congo red(CR) from an aqueous solution. The adsorption kinetics was evaluated using the pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order, and it was found that the adsorption of CR onto the MOFs was well described by the pseudo-second-order equation. The as-prepared MOFs adsorbent seems to be a promising material in practice for dyes removal from aqueous solution.     

羟基修饰MOFs的合成、表征和光催化机理

合成了具有大的比表面积和结构容易修饰的金属有机框架材料（MOFs）光催化剂：MIL-101（Cr）和MIL-101（Cr）-2OH。利用红外、X射线粉末衍射、X射线光电子能谱等仪器对MIL-101（Cr）和MIL-101（Cr）-2OH光催化剂的结构进行表征分析。通过紫外-可见光漫反射光谱、ζ电位、电喷雾电离质谱系统地分析研究MOFs中不参与配位的给电子基团对光催化降解亚甲基蓝性能的影响。研究发现MIL-101（Cr）-2OH中桥联配体2，5-二羟基对苯二甲酸上不参与配位的2个羟基，可以通过配体-金属的电荷转移作用影响光的吸收，从而调控光催化降解速率     

Structure and Adsorption Properties to TVOC of Orange Peel Modified with KOH

Food waste orange peel was employed as a raw material to prepare biomass adsorbent to solve the indoor Total Volatile Organic Compounds(TVOC). The preparation process of orange peel treated with KOH was optimized by the quadratic regression orthogonal rotation, and the regression model and optimal processing conditions were obtained. The structure of the adsorbent was characterized by BET, SEM, TEM, EDS, XRD and FTIR analysis. The adsorption properties and desorption regeneration were discussed. The results showed the maximal removal rate Ymax was 9.4824% when KOH concentration was 0.3 mol/L, the soaking time of KOH was 26 h and that of HCl was 2.89 h. The best single factor condition was the adsorbent with 40 mesh size and 6.0 g. The adsorption of modified orange peel on TVOC conformed to the Freundlich models, which was more inclined to multi-layer active site adsorption. The adsorption law followed the quasi-second-order kinetic model(R~2 = 0.955), indicating the adsorption was a physico-chemical mixture but controlled by physical adsorption and it was a spontaneous endothermic process. The modified orange peel exposed more sites and had stronger chemical groups, which were beneficial to adsorption. The adsorbent has a significantly better TVOC removal rate than other materials at 1% level, that is, modified orange peel diatomite activated carbon bamboo charcoal macroporous resin. In addition, it had good recycling and regeneration capacity.     

Adsorption Mechanism of Benzene Derivatives by Pagoda[n]arenes

Despite the widespread use in industrial production, benzene derivatives are harmful to both human beings and the environment. The control of these substances has become an important subject of scientific research. This study introduces a new approach for adsorption and separation of benzene derivatives utilizing pagoda[n]arene based supramolecular materials. Density functional theory calculations were employed to investigate the molecular recognition mechanism of benzene derivatives by pagoda[4]arenes and pagoda[5]arenes (Pa[4]As and Pa[5]As). Results indicate that Pa[4]As and Pa[5]As can effectively accommodate benzene derivatives through non-covalent interactions, leading to the formation of stable host-guest complexes. Additionally, molecular dynamics simulations revealed that both crystalline and non-crystalline supramolecular aggregates of Pa[4]As and Pa[5]As possess the ability to adsorb benzene derivatives and maintain the stability of the adsorption. Moreover, increasing the temperature causes benzene derivatives to desorb from the adsorbing aggregates, and thus the material can be reutilized.     

改性高粱秸秆对磷酸根的吸附性能研究

将改性高粱秸秆用于磷酸根的吸附,研究了时间、酸度、温度以及改性高粱秸秆用量等因素对其吸附性能的影响。结果表明,在常温下,改性高粱秸秆对磷酸根具有良好的吸附性能,吸附时间快。改性高粱秸秆对磷酸根的吸附符合Langmuir和Freundli-ch吸附等温方程及准二级动力学方程,吸附过程以单分子层物理吸附为主。     

全氟辛胺修饰石墨烯复合材料的制备、表征及其疏水性能

通过化学法改性石墨烯,用全氟辛胺(FOA)的胺基与氧化石墨烯（GO）的羧基或烷氧基反应制备了含氟石墨烯复合材料（FOA-RGO）,用傅里叶红外光谱、热失重分析、拉曼光谱、高分辨透射电子显微镜（HRTEM）以及原子力显微镜（AFM）对复合材料的结构与形貌进行了表征。 结果表明,FOA已经成功地修饰到石墨烯的边缘。与未修饰的石墨烯相比,水滴在FOA-RGO表面上的接触角从68°提高至118°,显示出良好的疏水性能。     

Modified Mesoporous Silicate MCM-41 for Zinc Ion Adsorption: Synthesis, Characterization and Its Adsorption Behavior

Modified MCM‐41 has been prepared by bi‐functionalization of thiol and amino functional groups onto mesoporous silicate MCM‐41. Elemental analysis (EA), thermogravimetry analysis (TGA) and FTIR techniques were used to quantify the attachment of the thiol and amino functional groups to the mesoporous silicate pore wall. Powder X‐ray diffraction (PXRD) and nitrogen adsorption techniques were used to establish the pore diameter, packing of the pores and specific surface area of the modified mesoporous silicate MCM‐41. Adsorption behavior for 18 metal ions on this sorbent has been studied and discussed. This sorbent has high affinity for zinc ions against amino‐ or thiol‐functionalized MCM‐41 sorbents.     

含末端炔基的Salen型金属配合物的合成、表征及性质

设计合成了新型含有末端炔基的Salen型配体H2Ln及其系列金属配合物MLn(n=1,2;M=Ni,Cu,Mn),并用氢核磁共振(1H NHR)谱、电喷雾质谱(ESI-MS)、元素分析(EA)、傅里叶变换红外(FT-IR)光谱和紫外-可见(UV-Vis)光谱等对各目标化合物进行了表征.采用循环伏安法研究了配体及其金属配合物的电化学氧化还原性质.研究发现,配体除H2L1外均在测试范围内出现特征的亚胺氧化还原峰.镍和铜的配合物均经历了两个单电子的氧化还原过程;锰的配合物均出现由Mn(III)/Mn(II)产生的一对氧化还原峰,该过程为准可逆的单电子过程.H2Ln及MLn的溶液摩尔电导率数据显示,各目标化合物为弱电解质,具有一定的导电性.     

新型金属有机气凝胶的合成、 表征及气体吸附性能

利用高稳定性的UiO-66系列金属有机骨架多孔材料制备金属有机气凝胶材料, 制得的UiO-66系列金属有机气凝胶材料具有多级孔结构和较高的比表面积, 在气体吸附分离领域具有较大应用潜力. 气体吸附实验结果表明, UiO-66-NH₂金属有机气凝胶材料具有极佳的CO₂吸附性能和CO₂/CH₄分离性能, 通过理想吸附溶液理论计算得出其吸附选择性高达18.3.     

Properties and Characterization of Modified HZSM—5 Zeolites

Physicochemical and catalytic properties of phosphorus and boron modified HZSM-5 zeolites treated with 100% steam at 673K were investigated.The acidity and distribution of acidic sites were studied by infrared spectroscopy using pyridine as probe molecule and temperature programmed desortion (TPD) of ammonia.The structure of the samples was characterized by XRD,and the textural properties of the catalysts were determined by nitrogen isothermal adsorption-desorption measurements and scanning electron microscopy(SEM).The XRD results show that the modified samples have no novel crystalline phase,indicating a high dispersion of phosphorus and boron species.After treatment,the microporous volume and surface area of the samples markedly decrease,implying the bolockage of the channel.The nitrogen adsorption-desorption measurements suggest that the isothermal type of all samples is a combination of isothermal type Ⅰ and Ⅳ，and all hysteresis loops resemble the H4-type in the IUPAC classification.The total acidity of the modified samples,determined by pyrldine adsorption IR and TPD of ammonia,decreases in contrast to that of the parent HZSM-5.The conversion of n-heptane over P and B steammodified HZSM-5 is higher than that of P and B-modified HZSM-5 zeolites but lower than that of the parent HZSM-5.     

Effect of Oxyethylete Units on Adsorption and Micellization Properties of Novel Benzene Sulfonate Surfactants

The surface tension and fluorescence spectra of sodium octyl-[ω-octyloxy-poly(oxyethylene)]-yl-benzene sulfonates (APE_nBS) aqueous solutions have been investigated by Wilhelmy plate method and intrinsic probe methods, respectively to study the effect of EO units on their properties. It was discovered that the surface performance of these surfactants was greatly outstanding: the values of critical micelle concentration (CMC) reached to be of the order of magnitude of 10^?5 mol/L, the values of surface tension at CMC, γ_CMC, were between 25.79 to 31.02 mN/m, and the effectiveness and efficiency of surface tension reduction were excellent. The introduction of oxyethylene units to the surfactant molecule evidently improved the solubility of APE_nBS. With the increase in EO units, the CMC slightly changed after the first decreased. On the other hand, the surface excess concentration at saturation, Γ _max, decreased after the first increased and γ_CMC increased after the first decreased accordingly. The CMC determined by fluorescence spectra of intrinsic probe method were accorded with the CMC measured by surface tension method. The aggregation number N, characterized by quenching the fluorescence spectra with methyl viologen (MV²⁺) as the extrinsic quencher, gradually decreased first (from 0 to1) and then slightly changed (from 1 to 4) with increasing EO chain length. So we concluded that the appropriate number of EO units was the key factor to get the best physicochemical properties of APE_nBS.     

两种新型多孔金属-有机凝胶的合成、表征与气体吸附性能

以1,4-二(3-乙酰丙酮基)苯(DAB)为有机配体分别与铝离子和铬离子反应,合成出2个新型的金属-有机凝胶:Al-湿凝胶和Cr-湿凝胶,通过直接干燥法得到相应的2种多孔干凝胶:Al-干凝胶和Cr-干凝胶.通过X射线粉末衍射仪(PXRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FTIR)、热重分析仪(TGA)、X射线能谱仪(EDS)和氮气吸附-脱附仪对凝胶材料的结构和形貌进行了表征.结果显示,2种多孔金属有机凝胶材料是由球状纳米粒子堆积而成,具有较高的比表面积、丰富的微孔及少量的介孔结构.气体吸附性能测试结果表明,Al-干凝胶的比表面积为790.3 m2/g,在1.01×105Pa,77 K下能够吸附117.45 cm3/g的氢气,在273 K下能够吸附60.74 cm3/g的二氧化碳.     

Sol-Gel Synthesis and Gas Adsorption Properties of CuCl Modified Mesoporous Alumina

Cuprous chloride (CuCl) modified unsupported -alumina membranes and adsorbent granules were synthesized by sol-gel processing followed by wet-impregnation of CuCl. The CuCl coated -alumina remains mesoporous with a uniform pore size distribution and a large surface area. The mesoporous alumina granules, prepared by a sol-gel oil-drop process, exhibit excellent mechanical strength and attrition resistance. The CuCl modified -alumina preferentially adsorbs ethylene and carbon monoxide, with a saturated adsorption capacity of 0.67 and 0.78 mmol/g, respectively. Both equilibrium capacity and kinetic rate for adsorption of ethylene and carbon monoxide on the CuCl modified -alumina are much larger than those for ethane and carbon dioxide. These results indicate the potential use of the sol-gel derived CuCl modified -alumina for separation of ethylene or carbon monoxide from its gas mixture containing ethane or carbon dioxide.     

Styrene and Polystyrene Modified Polyethylenes: Characterization and Properties

The initial structures of thin polyethylene films and of thin slices obtained from thicker specimens crystallized at temperature gradient in the modification process by styrene and polystyrene are studied. Comparison of the structures of these two types of samples shows clearly that the initial morphology and lamellar structure of the matrix has a basic influence on the modification process.     

甲氧基修饰的大孔交联树脂对苯酚的吸附机理

由大孔氯甲基化聚苯乙烯合成了含有悬挂醚键的甲氧基修饰的大孔交联树脂.通过化学分析(氯含量的测定)、红外光谱和元素分析等手段,确证甲氧基负载在聚苯乙烯骨架上,负载量为4.10mmol/g.测定了这种树脂对正己烷中苯酚的吸附等温线,表明其对正己烷中苯酚的吸附是放热的,随着温度的升高,吸附量逐渐降低,且吸附等温线可拟合成直线.通过吸附焓的计算、不同条件下吸附等温线的比较以及理论计算等方法,确证氢键是甲氧基修饰的大孔交联树脂吸附正己烷中苯酚的主要驱动力,树脂骨架上负载的醚氧原子与苯酚的酚羟基氢原子形成了强烈氢键.     

DFT Studies on Detonation Properties,Pyrolysis Mechanism,and Stability of the Nitro and Hydroxyl Derivatives of Benzene

Ninety‐one nitro and hydroxyl derivatives of benzene were studied at the B3LYP/6‐31G?? level of density functional theory. Detonation properties were calculated using the Kamlet‐Jacobs equation. Three candidates (pentanitrophenol, pentanitrobenzene, and hexanitrobenzene) were recommended as potential high energy density compounds for their perfect detonation performances and reasonable stability. The pyrolysis mechanism was studied by analyzing the bond dissociation energy (BDE) and the activation energy (E_a) of hydrogen transfer (H–T) reaction for those with adjacent nitro and hydroxyl groups. The results show that E_a is much lower than BDEs of all bonds, so when there are adjacent nitro and hydroxyl groups in a molecule, the stability of the compound will decrease and the pyrolysis will be initiated by the H–T process. Otherwise, the pyrolysis will start from the breaking of the weakest C–NO₂ bond, and only under such condition, the Mulliken population or BDE of the C–NO₂ bond can be used to assess the relative stability of the compound.     

Adsorption Properties of an Aluminum Powder Modified with Vanadium Pentoxide

Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry A - The adsorption properties of an unmodified ASD-4 aluminum powder and the powder modified with a V2O5 hydrogel are studied via low-temperature nitrogen...     

High-Temperature Adsorption of n-Octane, Benzene, and Chloroform onto Silica Gel Surface

A model for the steady laminar flow of an incompressible fluid through a deformable gel-coated channel with slowly varying tapered shape is presented. Previous work has shown that the flow rate through such a channel is less than that which would be expected from the Hagen-Poiseuille equation (1973, J. Lahav, N. Eliezer, and A. Silberberg, Biorheology 10, 595; 1979, P. Krindel and A. Silberberg, J. Colloid Interface Sci. 71, 39). Krindel and Silberberg also observed the onset of turbulent flow at lower rates than would normally be expected; they attributed these phenomena to a turbulent boundary layer near the channel walls. Our analysis shows that the rate reduction is in fact due to kinetic energy effects related to the converging flowlines. A model to describe this rate reduction is presented and is shown to agree well with experimental results, successfully predicting the observed flow rate reduction over Reynolds numbers ranging from 1 to 1000. Copyright 2000 Academic Press.