多元函数定点处偏导数的求解方法

针对多元函数定点处偏导数的计算,采用不同知识点、思路给出了此类问题的四种解法.     

偏导数的一个恒等式

在一元函数里 ,函数与它的反函数的导数互为倒数关系。多元函数也有类似的性质。下面介绍之。定理　如果多元函数 z =f ( x1,x2 ,… ,xn)的反函数存在且偏导数不为零 ,那么 z x1=( -1 ) n+ 1 x1 x2 x2 x3… xn z( 1 )　　证明　设 F( x1,x2 ,… ,xn,z) =z -f ( x1,x2 ,… ,xn) =0 ,则 z x1=-Fx1Fz, x1 x2=-Fx2Fx1,…… , xn z=-Fz Fxn因此 z x1 x1 x2… xn z =( -Fx1Fz) ( -Fx2Fx1)… ( -Fz Fxn) =( -1 ) n+ 1即 z x1=( -1 ) n+ 1 x1 x2 x2 x3… xn z　　上面的恒等式可推广为 z xi=( -1 ) n+ 1 xi xi+ 1 xi+ 1 xi+ 2… xn- 1 x…     

偏导数与偏微分方程

我们知道，n元函数关于某个自变量的偏导数可理解为：固定其余的x－1个自变量xl1…，xi－1，xi＋1，…，xn，即令这些自变量为常数，这样几x；，…，xn）就是关于xi的一元函数，天就是f关于xi的导数。这样我们将多元函数的偏导数概念和一元函数的导数之间建立了联系，然后可用求解常微分方程的方法求解一些简单的偏微分方程。以下树中均设未知函数是充分光滑的。例1已知u（0，y）＝y，未满足方程的函数y＝u（x，y）解：由于正可理解为固定y，即令y为常数时X关于X的导数，故方程两边对X积分可得C（C，…ZC＋C式中C为积分常数。由于y为常…     

一类多元函数二阶混合偏导数不相等的例子

受数学分析教学会议上北京大学杨家忠教授的报告启发,从他给出的一类多元函数二阶混合偏导数不相等的例子着手,抽丝剥茧,提炼出形式复杂的表达式中起关键作用的项,得到形式简单而二阶混合偏导数不相等的一大类例子,在数量上大大丰富了这类反例,供广大师生参考.     

一阶全微分形式不变性大多元函数分学中的应用

一般的高等数学教材中关于一阶全微分形式不变性只作为概念性介绍,较少涉足其应用.而事实上,全微分形式不变性在多元函数微分学中还是有很多应用的,在此作一些介绍.     

关于微分形式不变性的教学思考

为了帮助学生正确理解微分形式不变性的本质,主张教师应在相关教学中注重加强建立形式与内容之间的联系,深入阐释形式化符号表达的巧妙,并培养学生积极调用数学经验与数学直觉来解决有关问题.     

多元函数的微分法则

我们知道 ,若函数 x =φ( s,t) ,y =ψ( s,t)在点 ( s,t)有连续导数 ,函数 z =f ( x,y)在相应点 ( x,y) =(φ( s,t) ,ψ( s,t) )有连续偏导数 ,则复合函数 z=f (φ( s,t) ,ψ( s,t) )在点 ( x,t)可微 ,且dz =( z x x s+ z y y s) ds+( z x x t+ z y y t) dt同样有 ,若函数 x =φ( t) ,y =ψ( t)在点 t可微 ,函数 z =f ( x,y)在相应点 ( x,y) =(φ( t) ,ψ( t) )有连续偏导数 ,则复合函数 z =f (φ( t) ,ψ( t) )在点 t可微 ,且 dz =( z x+ z ydydt) dt;若函数 x =φ( s,t)在点 ( s,t)有连续偏导数 ,函数 z =f ( x)在相应点 x =φ( s,t)有…     

浅析偏导数恒为零的二元函数的特征

本文分析了一定条件下一阶偏导数恒为零的二元函数的特征,同时给出了条件改变时结论不一定成立的例子.在此基础上又探讨了二阶偏导数恒为零的情形下二元函数的特征,并给出了相应的例子.     

Contingent Derivatives of Implicit (Multi-) Functions and Stationary Points

For an implicit multifunction (p) defined by the generally nonsmooth equation F(x,p)=0, contingent derivative formulas are derived, being similar to the formula =–F _x ^–1 F _p in the standard implicit function theorem for smooth F and . This will be applied to the projection X(p)={xy: (x,y)(p)} of the solution set (p) of the system F(x,y,p)=0 onto the x-space. In particular settings, X(p) may be interpreted as stationary solution sets. We discuss in detail the situation in which X(p) arises from the Karush–Kuhn–Tucker system of a nonlinear program.     

A Global Optimization Algorithm for Multivariate Functions with Lipschitzian First Derivatives

In this paper we propose a new multi-dimensional methodto solve unconstrained global optimization problems with Lipschitzianfirst derivatives. The method is based on apartition scheme that subdivides the search domain into a set of hypercubesin the course of optimization. This partitioning is regulated by thedecision rule that provides evaluation of the "importance"of each generated hypercube and selection of some partition element to performthe next iteration. Sufficient conditions of global convergence for the newmethod are investigated. Results of numerical experiments are alsopresented.     

Representations of Inverse Monoids by Partial Automorphisms

It is shown that any inverse semigroup of endomorphisms of an object in a properly (E, M)-structured category admitting intersections may be embedded in an inverse monoid of partial automorphisms between retracts of that object. It follows that every inverse monoid is isomorphic with an inverse monoid of all partial automorphisms between [non-trival] retracts of some object of any [almost] algebraically universal and properly (E, M)-structured category with intersections; in particular, of an [almost] algebraically universal and finitely complete category with arbitrary intersections. Several examples are given.     

Approximation of Multivariate Functions with a Certain Mixed Smoothness by Entire Functions

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Multivariate Interpolation by Polynomials and Radial Basis Functions

In many cases, multivariate interpolation by smooth radial basis functions converges toward polynomial interpolants, when the basis functions are scaled to become flat. In particular, examples show and this paper proves that interpolation by scaled Gaussians converges toward the de Boor/Ron least polynomial interpolant. To arrive at this result, a few new tools are necessary. The link between radial basis functions and multivariate polynomials is provided by radial polynomials ||x-y||₂^2l\|x-y\|_2^{2\ell} that already occur in the seminal paper by C.A. Micchelli of 1986. We study the polynomial spaces spanned by linear combinations of shifts of radial polynomials and introduce the notion of a discrete moment basis to define a new well-posed multivariate polynomial interpolation process which is of minimal degree and also least and degree-reducing in the sense of de Boor and Ron. With these tools at hand, we generalize the de Boor/Ron interpolation process and show that it occurs as the limit of interpolation by Gaussian radial basis functions. As a byproduct, we get a stable method for preconditioning the matrices arising with interpolation by smooth radial basis functions.     

Regularity of Multivariate Refinable Functions

The regularity of a univariate compactly supported refinable function is known to be related to the spectral properties of an associated transfer operator. In the case of multivariate refinable functions with a general dilation matrix A , although factorization techniques, which are typically used in the univariate setting, are no longer applicable, we derive similar results that also depend on the spectral properties of A . September 30, 1996. Dates revised: December 1, 1996; February 14, 1997; August 1, 1997; November 11, 1997. Date accepted: November 14, 1997.