高聚物—富勒烯体系薄膜微微秒三倍频效应研究

采用５０ｐｓ的１．０６ｕｍ的基频光，对用物理喷束沉积方法制备的聚乙烯咔唑Ｐｏｌｙ－富勒烯组合薄膜进行三倍频信号测量。在ＰＶＫ／Ｃ６０分层膜与混合膜中观测到三倍频信号增强，考虑到两者之间的电荷转移效应，在分层膜中，把该三阶非线性增强归因于ＰＶＫ与富勒烯Ｃ６０之间的电荷转移所生成的载流子引起的电偶极矩和极化强度增强，在混合膜中，则是电荷转移所生成的络合物起主要作用。     

富勒烯在激光科学中的应用

简要评述了富勒烯在激光科学中的研究进展，介绍了富勒烯的非线性光学特性及其潜在应用，展示了富勒烯衍生物和掺富勒烯新型光学材料的研究与应用发展前景。     

富勒烯在激光科学中的使用

简要评述了富勒烯在激光科学中的研究进展，介绍了富勒烯的非线性光学特性及其潜在应有用，展示了富烯衍生物和掺富勒烯新型光学材料的研究与应用发展前景。     

聚乙烯咔唑/C60组合薄膜光诱导电荷转移性质研究

采用物理喷束淀积技术,制备了聚乙烯咔唑(PVK)与富勒烯C60的组合薄膜系列,通过测量这些组合膜和纯膜的稳态和瞬态光生电压,研究了组合膜光诱导电荷转移性质.发现P VK/C60双层组合膜的光生电压比纯PVK薄膜和PVK与C60均匀混合膜有5个数量级的增强,比纯C60薄膜也有大于一个数量级的增强.实验结果证明:在光激发下,组合膜中两种分子间发生了快速的电子转移,并在PVK/C60界面处产生有效的电荷分离,导致PVK/C60双层组合膜光生电压的显著增强.并通过与ITO/C60/Al结构的瞬态光生电压响应的比较,表明了高聚物与C60之间发生了更快的分子间的电荷转移过程.     

侧链结构对PPV/C60组合体系的激发传递和电荷转移过程的影响

本文考察了不同的侧链长度对聚对苯乙炔（PPV）衍生物的光学性质等的影响,以及PPV／C60的组合薄膜中的激发传递和电荷转移过程,结果表明随着连接在PPV的侧链长度的增长,其π-π跃迁带隙变窄,使得吸收和发射峰的位置逐渐红移;同时观测到PPV／C60间存在着极有效的激发传递过程,从而使得PPV衍生物的荧光在很大程度上被C60分子所猝灭;MD－PPV／C60组合膜中观测了C60的吸收峰,这表明该体系存在着基态电荷转移过程,同时也表明PPV衍生物与C60分子间的相互作用和PPV的侧链长短密切相关。     

内嵌水二聚体富勒烯(H2O)2@C84的基态性质与光谱特性

采用密度泛函B3LYP方法以6-31G为基组研究了富勒烯D_(2d)(23)-C_(84)和内嵌水二聚体富勒烯(H_2O)_2@D_(2d)(23)-C_(84)的中性、阴离子及阳离子基态几何结构、稳定性、电荷分布、能量、电偶极矩、能隙、红外及拉曼光谱特性;用含时的TD-B3LYP方法研究了富勒烯C_(84)和内嵌水二聚体富勒烯(H_2O)_2@C_(84)的紫外-可见吸收光谱.研究结果表明:水二聚体的加入导致了富勒烯分子的对称性降低、偶极矩增加,体系能隙减小,同时水二聚体的氢键键长减小.另外,水二聚体的加入改变了富勒烯分子的红外和拉曼光谱特征,如谐振频率的移动以及红外和拉曼峰的增强或减弱.研究结果显示水二聚体的加入致使富勒烯分子的最大激发波长发生红移,对其它激发波长的位置以及振子强度也产生影响,如光学活性(振子强度不为0)的激发态成为光学非活性(振子强度为0)的激发态或者光学非活性的激发态成为光学活性的激发态;同时研究发现C_(84)存在能量简并的激发态,而(H_2O)_2@C_(84)并没有能量简并的激发态;虽然水二聚体的加入影响富勒烯分子的激发特性,但计算结果显示C_(84)和(H_2O)_2@C_(84)经展宽后的紫外-可见光谱轮廓基本一致.该研究可以为将来的实验光谱测量提供理论依据,也可以为内嵌水二聚体富勒烯的合成和应用提供理论指导.     

PVK/C_(60)组合体系薄膜的拉曼光谱和荧光光谱研究

我们采用物理喷束淀积技术制备了Ｃ６０、Ｃ７０及聚乙烯咔唑ＰＶＫ／Ｃ６０的混合和分层薄膜，拉曼光谱的测量表明，这种技术所制备的富勒烯薄膜中，富勒烯的笼型结构仍保持完整，而在ＰＶＫ／Ｃ６０组合薄膜中，拉曼光谱及荧光光谱测量表明：在ＰＶＫ和Ｃ６０分子之间存在激发传递过程，在混合膜中，这种激发传递过程要明显强于分层组合薄膜。     

富勒烯分子簇三阶非线性光学特性

最近，富勒烯分子簇合成和分离的成功，已引起了人们对其非线性光学性质的重视，对富勒烯６０分子，Ｃ７０分子非线性光学响应的起源，测试方法及结果进行了综述和分析，最后对此方面研究的发展进行了探讨。     

非富勒烯受体有机光伏体系的激发态动力学

受益于非富勒烯受体的不断发展,近年来有机光伏器件的性能得到长足进步。传统富勒烯受体有机光伏体系下建立起来的电荷拆分和能量损耗模型,不完全适用于非富勒烯受体体系。我们利用超快光谱学方法,发现在模型体系中,非富勒烯受体畴内非局域激发态代替界面电荷转移态介导了电荷拆分的空穴转移通道,在很小的驱动能下实现高效电荷拆分。非富勒烯体系中双分子复合过程在能量损耗中扮演重要角色,分子氟化设计可以改变能级排列,抑制双分子复合产生的三线态,从而抑制损耗。分子间相互作用调控关键能级位置,可用以调控非富勒烯光伏体系光电流产生机制,有效抑制损耗通道,进一步提升有机光伏体系的效率。     

钙覆盖的富勒烯作为高存储容量的储氢材料

文章从理论上研究了轻碱土金属覆盖的富勒烯作为储氢介质的可行性.基于第一性原理密度泛函理论计算,文章作者发现Ca和Sr在C60表面的吸附很强,并且倾向于形成单层覆盖.这种强吸附归因于这类金属元素未占据的d轨道参与的一种独特的电荷转移机制.电荷的重新分布在金属覆盖的富勒烯表面附近产生强电场,使得金属-富勒烯复合物成为理想的氢分子吸附中心.Ca32C60复合物的理论储氢质量百分比达到8.4wt%,因此,在富勒烯+金属体系的储氢介质研究中,Ca优于目前提出的所有覆盖富勒烯的金属元素.     

Optical limiting in Pluronic F-127 hydrogel with nanocarbon inclusions

Characteristics of nonlinear optical limiting (limiting curves) of laser radiation in aqueous polymer systems with nanocarbon inclusions have been studied. Suspensions of nanotubes and soot stabilized by the amphiphilic polymer Pluronic F-127, the additives of which provide the system’s transition to a solid-like hydrogel aggregate state at room temperature, have been considered. The limiting materials after their optical breakdown by high-intensity radiation in the gel state have been regenerated using the thermoreversible hydrogel–isotropic solution phase transition. These systems are shown to be promising for self-healing optical materials.     

Novel properties of nanoscale organic–inorganic systems and photonic crystals — conducting polymers in nanoscale periodic structures,microcavities and photonic crystals

Conducting polymer/C₆₀and C₆₀doped conducting polymer/C₆₀heterojunctions have been fabricated and found to exhibit remarkably enhanced photoresponse due to the highly effective photoinduced charge transfer at the interface. In conducting polymer/C₆₀alkali metal nanoscale composite systems, multiphase superconductivity has been clarified and explained by taking the coupling of nanoscale grains by Josephson junctions into consideration. As examples of intramolecular organic-inorganic combined systems, unique electrical and optical characteristics have been revealed in oligosilanylene oligophenylene polymers. Electroluminescence has been demonstrated in organic-inorganic junction devices such as conducting polymer/porous Si and conducting polymer/diamond junctions. Conducting, polymer-based nanoscale multilayer systems have been studied utilizing molecular self-assembly method and novel photosensitive characteristics have been revealed. \indent Novel optical and electrical properties of conducting polymers infiltrated in a photonic crystal, synthetic opal made of SiO₂spheres of several hundred nm in diameter, and also a conducting polymer replica have been revealed. A clear diffraction pattern was observed in a photonic crystal infiltrated with conducting polymers, and transmission spectra are dependent on various ambient conditions. Their photoluminescence (PL) spectra, spectral narrowing of PL and lasing characteristics at relatively low optical excitation have also been clarified. Novel conducting characteristics of conducting polymers in a photonic crystal that was prepared by pyrolysis of a polymer replica of opal have also been observed.     

Polymer Optical Fiber Photosensitivities and Highly Tunable Fiber Gratings

In this paper, recent progress in the investigation of photosensitivities of polymer optical fibers and the development of polymer optical fiber grating is reported. Photosensitivities in various polymer fibers, including doped and undoped, multimode and single-mode polymer fibers, have been experimentally characterized and evaluated for fiber grating application. In particular, the wavelength dependence of material absorption and photosensitivity has been found essential to the fabrication of polymer optical fiber grating. Based on the results of photosensitivity research, polymer optical fiber gratings have been successfully fabricated. More importantly, polymer optical fiber grating has been demonstrated highly tunable, with a tuning range more than 70 nm. The unique feature of high tunability in polymer optical fiber grating has great potential in various applications including optical fiber WDM systems and fiber sensor systems. Several important issues that remain to be investigated will also be discussed.     

Polymer Optical Fiber Photosensitivities and Highly Tunable Fiber Gratings

In this paper, recent progress in the investigation of photosensitivities of polymer optical fibers and the development of polymer optical fiber grating is reported. Photosensitivities in various polymer fibers, including doped and undoped, multimode and single-mode polymer fibers, have been experimentally characterized and evaluated for fiber grating application. In particular, the wavelength dependence of material absorption and photosensitivity has been found essential to the fabrication of polymer optical fiber grating. Based on the results of photosensitivity research, polymer optical fiber gratings have been successfully fabricated. More importantly, polymer optical fiber grating has been demonstrated highly tunable, with a tuning range more than 70 nm. The unique feature of high tunability in polymer optical fiber grating has great potential in various applications including optical fiber WDM systems and fiber sensor systems. Several important issues that remain to be investigated will also be discussed.     

Dual-modal photoacoustic/CT imaging system

Photoacoustic(PA) tomography(PAT) breaks the barrier for high-resolution optical imaging in a strong lightscattering medium, having a great potential for both clinical implementation and small animal studies. However,many organs and tissues lack enough PA contrast or even hinder the propagation of PA waves. Therefore, it is challenging to interpret pure PAT images, especially three-dimensional(3 D) PA images for deep tissues, without enough structural information. To overcome this limitation, in this study, we integrated PAT with X-ray computed tomography(CT) in a standalone system. PAT provides optical contrast and CT gives anatomical information. We performed agar, tissue phantom, and animal studies, and the results demonstrated that PAT/CT imaging systems can provide accurate spatial registration of important complementary contrasts.     

Polymer waveguide with integrated reflector mirrors for an inter-chip link system

A polymer waveguide with integrated reflector mirrors is presented for an inter-chip link system. The cost-effective and repeatable technology for the integration of a polymer multimode waveguide and out-of-plane 45° reflector mirrors was developed for optical coupling between the light-sources and the light-detectors. This method enabled us to fabricate the waveguides and 45° reflector mirrors using a one-shot embossing process for inexpensive mass production. The optical inter-chip link system consisted of a metal optical bench, a module printed circuit board (PCB), a driver/receiver IC, a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL)/photo-detector (PD) array, and an optical waveguide composed of integrated reflector mirrors. The presented data transfer measurements of the optical inter-chip link system are shown to be successful at a data rate of 5 Gb/s.     

Electro-Optic Polymer Integrated Optic Devices and Future Applications

Recent developments in electro-optic polymer materials and devices have led to new opportunities for integrated optic devices in numerous applications. The results of numerous tests have indicated that polymer materials have many properties that are suitable for use in high-speed communications systems, various sensor systems, and space applications. These results, coupled with recent advances in device and material technology, will allow very large bandwidth modulators and switches with low drive voltages, improved loss, long-term stability, and integration with other microelectronic devices such as MEMS. Low drive voltage devices are very important for space applications where power consumption scales as the square of the modulator half-wave voltage. In addition, we have demonstrated novel dual polymer modulators for mixing RF signals to produce sum and difference frequency modulation on an optical beam. This novel approach allows the suppression of the modulation at the two input RF signals, and only the mixing signals remain superposed on the optical beam. The dual modulator can be used for various encoding/decoding and frequency conversion schemes that are frequently used for both terrestrial and space communications. Another application of polymer integrated optics is in the field of optical sensing for high-frequency (GHz) electric fields.     

Electro-Optic Polymer Integrated Optic Devices and Future Applications

Recent developments in electro-optic polymer materials and devices have led to new opportunities for integrated optic devices in numerous applications. The results of numerous tests have indicated that polymer materials have many properties that are suitable for use in high-speed communications systems, various sensor systems, and space applications. These results, coupled with recent advances in device and material technology, will allow very large bandwidth modulators and switches with low drive voltages, improved loss, long-term stability, and integration with other microelectronic devices such as MEMS. Low drive voltage devices are very important for space applications where power consumption scales as the square of the modulator half-wave voltage. In addition, we have demonstrated novel dual polymer modulators for mixing RF signals to produce sum and difference frequency modulation on an optical beam. This novel approach allows the suppression of the modulation at the two input RF signals, and only the mixing signals remain superposed on the optical beam. The dual modulator can be used for various encoding/decoding and frequency conversion schemes that are frequently used for both terrestrial and space communications. Another application of polymer integrated optics is in the field of optical sensing for high-frequency (GHz) electric fields.     

Electrically controlled optical choppers based on holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystal gratings

An electrically controlled optical chopper based on switchable holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystal （H-PDLC） gratings is demonstrated through a programmable, adjustable, and periodic external driving source. Compared with traditional mechanical optical choppers, the H-PDLC chopper exhibits many advantages, including faster response time, less waveform deformation, as well as easier integration, control, and fabrication, to name a few. Its excellent performance makes the device potentially useful in frequency modulation optical systems, such as frequency division multiplexed microscopy system.     

Indoor coverage improvement of MB-OFDM UWB signals with radio over POF system

A radio over fiber system using the fluorinated based polymer multimode fibers (PMMF) is presented in this paper for the enhancement of the indoor coverage of the multiband orthogonal frequency division multiplexing ultra-wideband standard (MB-OFDM UWB) inside a building. A preliminary part related the cost analysis owing to glass and polymer multimode fiber deployment inside a fiber network is reported. The study of the physical properties of the polymer optical fibers (core diameter, numerical aperture, differential mode delays, modal bandwidth…) is firstly performed in order to effectively exhibit the potentialities and the robustness of such fibers to be used in a low cost radio over fiber system. The DMD measurements of four fluorinated based polymer optical fiber are reported. The designed system operates at 850 nm with commercial off the shelf (COTS) devices combined to the intensity modulation/direct detection technique. The opportunity of using polymer fibers and COTS components to improve the indoor coverage of the MB-OFDM UWB standard is so reported by the measurement of the Error Vector Magnitude or the Relative Constellation Error variation as a function of the system parameters (RF power, optical attenuation, fiber length…) as well as the compliance of the eye diagram with the mask testing. By the way, the transmission performance of both 200 and 480 Mbps signals is demonstrated over up to 200 m link length of polymer multimode fibers: transmission penalties are quantified by relative constellation error with values under the standard requirements. A comparative study with classical OM2 50 μm based glass multimode fiber having the same bandwidth/length product than the PMMF is done.