C/Ku波段共口径宽角度扫描相控阵天线

设计了一款具有高功率容量与宽角度扫描特性的C/Ku双频段共口径平面相控阵天线。在同一辐射口径内,相控阵天线包含有基于平面偶极子单元的C波段4×4阵列,以及基于混合零阶谐振贴片单元的Ku波段8×9阵列。所设计的相控阵天线的宽角度扫描性能归功于双频段阵元天线的宽波束辐射特性。下层混合零阶谐振贴片天线既能作为Ku波段的宽波束辐射单元,又能够为C波段的偶极子天线提供零反射相位,进而基于镜像原理拓宽偶极子天线的波束宽度。并且,对天线进行了介质埋入式设计,避免了空气击穿以提高天线系统功率容量。全波仿真结果表明,所提出的共口径相控阵天线在C和Ku双频段均实现了±45°的波束扫描,增益波动小于3 dB,天线阵列在各单元输入功率之和为1 W时功率容量达18.9 MW。     

考虑互耦的半波振子线阵辐射和散射方向图综合

对于半波振子阵列天线,可用感应电动势法算得其阻抗矩阵,依据等效电路原理计入单元间的互耦计算辐射场.将其推广至考虑互耦的散射场计算,基于此辐射场和散射场的计算公式,提出一种考虑互耦同时综合半波振子阵列天线辐射和散射方向图的新方法.运用粒子群优化算法,通过优化振子的间距,同时综合指定辐射和散射方向图.运用该方法,通过对中心工作频率处的辐射和散射特性以及在威胁角度给定频带内的散射特性优化,有效降低半波振子阵在中心工作频率处的辐射和散射方向图的副瓣电平,并减小其在威胁角度给定频带内的雷达散射截面.计算结果与FEKO仿真结果吻合良好,验证方法的正确性.     

多子阵子空间拟合波达方向估计

提出了考虑阵元互耦的子空间拟合波达方向估计方法。用一带状、对称Toeplitz矩阵对均匀线阵的互耦矩阵建模。根据互耦矩阵自由度,去除部分两边阵元,研究了子空间拟合算法中ESPRIT算法的理论性能。在大快拍的情况下,均匀线阵的MCLS-ESPRIT算法的角度估计误差是一个零均值的联合高斯分布,同时给出了分布的协方差表达式。由方差的数值计算可知,在阵元数和信源数确定的情况下,存在估计标准差最小的子阵;与不存在互耦的理想情况相比,除了估计标准差少许增加外,性能接近。本文的方法已应用于高分辨率测深侧扫声呐,获得了好结果。在声呐阵阵元数增加的条件下,用本文的方法,能抑制均匀线阵的互耦的影响。     

基于宽波束磁电偶极子天线的宽角扫描线性相控阵列

设计并加工了两款基于宽波束磁电偶极子天线单元的宽角扫描线性阵列.首先,通过加载磁偶极子的方法拓展了天线单元的3-dB波束宽度.然后,基于该宽波束天线单元设计了两款具有良好宽角扫描特性的一维阵列天线.实测结果表明,天线单元的E面方向图3-dB波束宽度在9GHz—12 GHz均大于107°,H面方向图3-dB波束宽度在7GHz—12 GHz均大于178°.E面阵列中心单元的有源驻波比在9GHz—13 GHz小于2,相对阻抗带宽为36.36%.H面阵列中心单元的有源驻波比在9.6GHz—12.6 GHz小于2.5,相对阻抗带宽为27.03%.E面阵列在9GHz—12 GHz可实现±70°的有效宽角扫描.H面阵列在9GHz—GHz可实现±90°的有效宽角扫描.与传统的扫描阵列相比,设计的阵列可实现有效宽带宽角扫描,在X波段相控阵雷达方面具有广阔的应用前景.     

一种有源相控阵天线误差补偿方法

为了消除由于有源相控阵天线单元间互耦、天线的安装误差、天线方向图的不一致性和天线罩的影响等导致天线校正时与实际天线单元间幅相值存在的差异,采用了一种有源相控阵天线误差补偿方法,获得天线的误差值并保存在雷达校正计算机中,雷达进行校正时调用该值从而很好地消除了上述因素导致的在雷达使用中带来的影响,较好地改善了天线校正的幅相值和波瓣图,保证了雷达实际使用中达到预期指标要求。     

TEM喇叭天线阵列单元互耦对阵列辐射特性的影响

 应用FDTD方法分析TEM喇叭天线阵列的瞬态辐射特性，分析了阵列单元之间的互耦对天线阵列远场辐射的影响。当TEM喇叭天线阵列单元沿E-面叠状排列，阵元间互耦可以改善阵列的低频辐射；沿H-面排列的槽状线阵或平面方阵不利于阵列的低频辐射的改善。用半TEM喇叭天线组成槽状排列和叠状排列的二元线阵和四元线阵，进行了相应的原理性实验，实验结果与理论数值模拟基本一致。     

高功率微波波导缝隙阵宽角扫描特性研究

波导间缝隙的互耦会严重降低高功率微波宽边纵缝波导缝隙阵的宽角扫描能力。设计了一L波段高功率宽边纵缝波导缝隙阵,在阵列波导间设计扼流槽结构抑制缝隙互耦。数值模拟结果表明,没有扼流槽结构的阵列波束扫描增益下降3 dB的角度为24.7°,具有扼流结构的阵列扫描增益下降3 dB的角度为33°。同时扼流结构还可以明显改善阵列的有源反射系数,有扼流结构的阵列有源VSWR≤3的带宽为6.6%,而没有扼流结构的阵列有源VSWR≤3的带宽为5.0%。数值模拟结果还表明,波束扫描时(扫描角35°),阵列功率容量可达到957 MW, 比阵列无波束扫描时(1.008 GW)稍低一点。     

高功率微波波导缝隙阵宽角扫描特性研究（英文）

波导间缝隙的互耦会严重降低高功率微波宽边纵缝波导缝隙阵的宽角扫描能力。设计了一L波段高功率宽边纵缝波导缝隙阵,在阵列波导间设计扼流槽结构抑制缝隙互耦。数值模拟结果表明,没有扼流槽结构的阵列波束扫描增益下降3dB的角度为24.7°,具有扼流结构的阵列扫描增益下降3dB的角度为33°。同时扼流结构还可以明显改善阵列的有源反射系数,有扼流结构的阵列有源VSWR≤3的带宽为6.6%,而没有扼流结构的阵列有源VSWR≤3的带宽为5.0%。数值模拟结果还表明,波束扫描时(扫描角35°),阵列功率容量可达到957 MW,比阵列无波束扫描时(1.008GW)稍低一点。     

短螺旋-圆锥喇叭天线设计与分析

分析设计了一种适用于高功率阵列天线辐射单元的短螺旋-圆锥喇叭天线.数值模拟分析了不同单元间距下的短螺旋-圆锥喇叭天线的互耦大小,并与短螺旋天线的互耦大小进行比较,结果表明:当单元间距等于0.9λ时,短螺旋-圆锥喇叭天线的互耦与短螺旋天线相当;当单元间距小于0.9γ时,短螺旋-圆锥喇叭天线的互耦比短螺旋天线略大;而当单元...     

脉冲天线阵列时域辐射场快速计算的简化方法

采用有源单元方向图思想，在考虑互耦情况下，将大型脉冲阵列天线各单元的时域方向图用相似环境下小型阵列的有源单元方向图来等效，进而叠加计算辐射总场。以此为基础，结合时域辐射原理改进了上述方法。通过公式推导得出:一个大型线阵或大型平面阵的时域辐射场可分别通过两个小型线阵或四个小型平面阵的时域辐射总场计算得到，避免了传统方法中小阵有源单元方向图逐元提取的繁琐操作。采用上述方法分别计算了一个13元线阵和一个1113元平面阵列，计算结果与软件仿真结果吻合良好，与传统的小阵外推方法相比，直线阵列和平面阵列的计算量分别减少了56.8%和81.17%。     

高功率谐振式波导缝隙阵宽角扫描技术

在传统高功率缝隙波导阵列中,缝隙间的相互耦合严重影响了阵列的宽角扫描能力。以实现阵列宽角波束扫描为目标,通过分析阵列扫描特性,从提高缝隙阵元间隔离度的角度出发,提出在阵列中引入隔离栅结构,降低了阵元间耦合对阵列大角度扫描时的影响。在此基础上,设计了基于波导窄边斜缝的谐振式阵列天线,采用电磁仿真软件优化阵列。数值模拟结果表明,未采取措施前阵列的最大扫描范围为±34°,引入隔离栅后扫描范围可扩大至±45°,波导端口S₁₁≤?10 dB,增益仅下降了2.3 dB,单根缝隙波导功率容量达330 MW,有应用于高功率微波领域的潜质。     

Two-dimensional phased arrays for application in surgery: Scanning by several focuses

Numerical simulation and comparative analysis of acoustic fields formed by two-dimensional phased arrays designed for ultrasonic surgery are conducted for the case of scanning by several focuses (in particular, by nine focuses arranged in a line and also by an array of nine focuses forming a 3×3 square grid). Calculations are performed for arrays with elements positioned at the surface both regularly (in square, ring, or hexagonal patterns) and randomly. Criteria for evaluating the “quality” of the intensity distributions in the field formed by the array in the case of scanning by several focuses are proposed. The quality of the intensity distributions for arrays containing 255 and 256 elements 5 mm in diameter arranged in regular patterns on the array’s surface (in square, ring, or hexagonal patterns) is inferior to that for arrays containing 256 randomly positioned elements. Among the regular arrays, the highest quality of intensity distributions is obtained for ring arrays, and the lowest quality is obtained for arrays with elements arranged in square or hexagonal patterns. The irregularity in the element positioning the array’s surface improves the quality of intensity distributions by reducing the secondary intensity peaks in the field formed by the array and, primarily, in the focal plane.     

类视网膜阵列结构的光纤相控阵方法研究

出射光束阵列布局对光纤相控阵的高功率激光相干合成性能有着重要影响。针对现有光纤相控方法的阵元间距难以突破半个波长,导致能量合成效率低的问题,提出了类视网膜多环形光纤相控方法,设计了具有圆形对称分布的结构,在保持中心阵元以及最外环阵元位置不变的情况下,通过粒子群算法优化环间其余阵元间距以获得最佳的远场相干合成性能。仿真结果表明,与传统光纤相控方法相比,提出的阵列布局可将能量集中度从0.562提升至0.921,峰值旁瓣水平从0.212压缩至0.043。     

Design of a Compact Millimeter-Wave Microstrip Antenna with Wide Bandwidth and Broad Beamwidth

Design of a novel compact millimeter-wave microstrip antenna with wide bandwidth and broad beamwidth is presented. In the structure, multiple layers and a parasitic element as well as a coupling aperture are used to achieve wideband, while a conducting cylinder and the coupling aperture are used to obtain broad beamwidth. Finally, phased array with eight present elements has been designed as an example. Compared to traditional microstrip antennas and arrays, present antenna and array are of smaller dimension and broader beamwidth as well as wider bandwidth.     

Ultrasonic phased array controller for hyperthermia applications

Multiple and mechanically scanned ultrasound transducer systems have demonstrated the efficacy of using ultrasound to produce deep localized hyperthermia. The use of ultrasonic phased arrays has been proposed as an alternative to these systems. A phased array offers a more flexible approach to heating tumours in that the size, shape, and position of its focal region can be altered during the course of treatment in order to achieve the desired temperature distribution. This added flexibility comes at the cost of increased complexity of the hardware necessary to drive the transducer because each element requires its own amplifer with both phase and amplitude control. In order for phased arrays with large numbers of elements to be feasible for hyperthermia applications, the complexity of this circuitry must be minimized. This paper describes a circuit design which simplifies the electronics required to control a phased array transducer system for hyperthermia applications. The design is capable of controlling virtually any type of phased array transducer operating at frequencies less than 2 MHz. The system performance was verified through beam profile measurements using a 48-element tapered phased array transducer.     

Ultrasound phased arrays for prostate treatment.

The effect of array geometry on the steering performance of ultrasound phased arrays is examined theoretically, in order to maximize array performance under the given anatomical constraints. This paper evaluates the performance of arrays with spherical and cylindrical geometry, determined by using computer simulations of the pressure fields produced at various extremes of steering. The spherical segment arrays were truncated for insertion into the rectum, and contained either annular or linear elements. The cylindrical arrays were either flat or had a variable curvature applied along their length. Fields were computed by dividing the array elements into many point sources. The effectiveness of an array configuration when steered to a particular focal location was assessed by defining a parameter, G, as the ratio of the intensity at the desired focus to the maximum intensity of any unwanted lobes. The performance of truncated spherical arrays with annular elements was evaluated for focal steering along the array axis (in depth, in the z direction). When steered 15 mm toward the source, these truncated spherical annular arrays exhibited excellent performance, with G>5.7 for arrays containing more than 10 elements. Similarly, the spherical arrays with linear elements performed well when steered along the array axis to the same degree, with G>7 (for element widths up to 3 lambda), though many more array elements were required. However, when these arrays were steered 15 mm laterally, along the length of the prostate (the y direction), the value for G fell below 1 for element widths greater than about 1.6 lambda. It was found that the cylindrical arrays performed much better for y-direction steering (G>4, for 60 mm arrays with an element width of 1.75 lambda), but their performance was poorer when steered in the z direction (G approximately 4 for an element width of 1.5 lambda). In order to find a compromise between these extremes, a curved cylindrical array was examined, which was a cylindrical array with additional curvature along its length. These curved cylindrical arrays yielded performance between that of spherical linear arrays and cylindrical arrays, with better steering along the y direction than the spherical arrays and better z-direction steering than the cylindrical arrays.