新型冠状病毒S蛋白在金纳米粒子中的表面增强拉曼效应

表面增强拉曼光谱技术因其高灵敏度、操作简单、快速检测等优点,被广泛用于病毒检测方面。国内外的病毒拉曼检测研究主要集中在检测病毒核酸以及组成核酸的各种碱基的表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS),但少见对病毒蛋白的SERS检测。以新型冠状病毒（SARS-CoV-2）的S蛋白为检测对象,采用无标记SERS检测方法,对比SARS-CoV-2固态、饱和液态S蛋白的普通拉曼光谱和选用40 nm金纳米粒子为基底的SARS-CoV-2低浓度S蛋白SERS光谱。结果表明,以40 nm金纳米粒子为基底,采用SERS技术检测SARS-CoV-2的S蛋白是完全可行的。SARS-CoV-2的S蛋白分子中的羧基与金纳米粒子发生了分子增强,氨基与金纳米粒子发生了电磁增强,从而使得SARS-CoV-2的S蛋白拉曼效应得到了增强,并使得峰位发生一定移动。实验获得了较好的SARS-CoV-2低浓度S蛋白SERS光谱,为建立敏感、特异、快速的SARS-CoV-2检测新技术提供了一种方法。     

鼻咽癌患者唾液的表面增强拉曼光谱研究

表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS)技术是一种快速、有效、无损的光学诊断方法,能提供生物分子成分和结构的指纹特征。人的唾液包含多种能反应人体健康状况的生物标志物。采用纳米银溶胶为增强基底的SERS技术,从46位鼻咽癌患者、30位鼻炎患者和48位健康人的唾液样本中采集了208条高质量的SERS。研究结果表明鼻咽癌患者、鼻炎患者和健康人的唾液SERS之间存在明显差异。利用主成分分析结合线性判别分析(PCA-LDA)对采集的唾液SERS进行诊断研究,获得灵敏度分别为89.5%,93.0%和100%,特异性分别为94.6%,96.7%和97.7%。研究结果表明：唾液SERS技术结合PCA-LDA分析方法可能快速、有效区分鼻咽癌、鼻炎患者与正常人的唾液样本,具有鼻咽癌无损检测和临床筛查的潜能。     

基于唾液的拉曼光谱检测进行肝癌诊断的研究

表面增强拉曼光谱技术是近年来快速发展的一种痕量特征标记性物质检测技术, 达到了分子识别水平, 具有很高的灵敏度, 能够精确地分析和了解物质结构和成分。人体唾液中含有大量体征相关的特异性蛋白质和分泌物质。唾液检测具有无创、获取方便、适合开展大规模普查等优点。表面增强拉曼光谱检测技术可以快速地对唾液进行检测, 二者的结合, 有可能成为一种癌症诊断的新方法。本文利用表面增强光谱技术对肝癌患者进行实验研究, 通过对肝癌患者唾液的采集、样品的处理、光谱的采集及光谱分析, 肝癌特异性标记物AFP(alpha fetoprotein)的检测及分析等过程得到肝癌相关特征信息, 表明肝癌患者与正常人的唾液样本分类良好, 灵敏度及特异性较好; 进一步验证了AFP抗原的分子组成, 且AFP抗原的拉曼强度基本随浓度的递增呈递减趋势; 对肝癌患者的唾液样本及AFP抗原的拉曼光谱进行比对分析, 提示利用表面增强拉曼光谱检测唾液有可能诊断早期癌症。     

表面增强拉曼光谱在反恐中的应用

表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS)技术以对样本检测快速、灵敏、无破坏性等众多优点,在分析生化样本成分方面有着非常重要而广泛的应用。因此,SERS技术在反恐军事领域必将发挥重要的应用。本文重点对SERS技术在生物化学战和应对恐怖袭击中的重要应用进行了详尽地分析讨论,并对其发展趋势作了展望。     

基于SERS法的苹果中农药残留的定性及定量分析

使用共焦显微拉曼光谱仪,结合表面增强拉曼散射(Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering,SERS)技术,采集含有农药马拉硫磷和二嗪农的苹果汁样本的基于银纳米溶胶的表面增强拉曼光谱,采用距离匹配和判别分析的方法对其进行定性分析。然后结合偏最小二乘(Partial Least Squares,PLS)方法对两种农药的表面增强拉曼光谱分别进行数学建模分析。结果表明表面增强拉曼散射(SERS)技术对无损快速定性分析马拉硫磷和二嗪农具有较高的准确性,而定量分析二者的含量也具有较高的可行性。     

基于表面增强拉曼光谱的左氧氟沙星检测研究

目前用于检测药物分子的光谱方法主要有荧光光谱法、紫外光谱、红外光谱法等。使用拉曼光谱法检测药物分子的相关信息比较少,表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS)技术具有无损检测、快速灵敏和不受溶剂水的影响等优点。本文开展了基于锌掺杂TiO_2纳米粒子(Zn-TiO_2NPs)作为SERS活性基底的左氧氟沙星(LVFX)药物分子的检测研究。研究结果表明,使用SERS技术对左氧氟沙星进行定性定量分析其检测限可以达到1×10-7 mol·L-1,其定量范围为1×10-31×10-7 mol·L-1。     

基于表面增强拉曼光谱的鸭肉中螺旋霉素残留检测

利用表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS)法结合自适应迭代重加权惩罚最小二乘法(air-PLS)快速检测鸭肉中的螺旋霉素残留。首先采用OTR202作为SERS活性基底,确定了螺旋霉素的1 622 cm^-1峰可以作为其在鸭肉提取液中残留检测的拉曼特征峰;然后,通过单因素分析法确定了实验的最佳条件,并在该条件下建立了螺旋霉素浓度范围介于4.0~50.0 mg/L之间的鸭肉提取液加标样本的标准曲线,并获得了良好的线性关系且线性回归方程为y=26.681x+1233.5,决定系数R²=0.980 2,最低检测限为4 mg/L,预测样本的平均回收率为73.38%~105.25%。研究表明,采用SERS技术可以实现鸭肉中螺旋霉素残留的快速检测。     

基于深度学习的冠状病毒刺突蛋白拉曼特征峰的理论研究

持续一年的新冠疫情对全球的经济造成了巨大破坏,为了有效控制新冠疫情,快速检测新冠病毒(SARS-CoV-2)是一个急需解决的问题。新冠病毒的刺突蛋白(spikeprotein)是拉曼光谱技术检测新冠病毒的检测点,构建刺突蛋白拉曼特征峰模型对于发展拉曼检测技术快速检测新冠病毒具有重要作用。基于简化的激子模型,利用深度神经网络技术,构建了刺突蛋白的酰胺Ⅰ、Ⅲ特征峰模型,并结合已知可以感染人类的七种冠状病毒(HCoV-229E, HCoV-HKU1, HCoV-NL63, HCoV-OC43, MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV和SARS-CoV-2)刺突蛋白的实验结构,分析了七种冠状病毒刺突蛋白酰胺Ⅰ、Ⅲ特征峰的区别。计算结果表明,七种冠状病毒可以根据毒刺突蛋白的酰胺Ⅰ、Ⅲ特征峰划分为四个组：SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV形成一个组;HCoV-HKU1, HCoV-NL63形成一个组;HCoV-229E和HCoV-OC43各自独立形成一个组。相同组的冠状病毒刺突蛋白酰胺Ⅰ、Ⅲ峰频率较为接近,通过酰胺Ⅰ、Ⅲ峰的频率较难区分刺突蛋白;不同组的冠状病毒刺突蛋白酰胺...     

基于金双锥纳米颗粒表面增强拉曼光谱呼吸道病原体检测

由呼吸道病原体引发的呼吸系统感染是造成老人、儿童死亡的重要原因之一,开发床旁、即时、操作方法简便的快速检测技术,对鉴别诊断及防控呼吸道病原体具有重要意义。表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS)是一种可行的快速检测技术,但由于病原体本身的拉曼信号较弱且传统增强基底对其增强效果欠佳,限制了该技术对于病原体检测的实际应用。本研究团队研发了一种金双锥纳米颗粒增强基底,利用该增强基底我们成功地无标签捕获了多种呼吸道病原体的指纹图谱。此外,该检测方法结合主成分分析,可以在2 min内对血清及唾液中的上述呼吸道病原体进行鉴别诊断。     

表面增强拉曼光谱快速检测毒品海洛因

荧光的干扰使得毒品海洛因难以直接进行拉曼光谱检测。本文将表面增强拉曼散射(SERS)技术引入到毒品海洛因的快速检测,首次获得它的表面增强拉曼特征峰。采用此法成功检测了来自海关的20批毒品海洛因样品,对其它粉末的检测中没有出现误报现象。这表明表面增强拉曼光谱可用于对海洛因的准确检测。     

Surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy for quantitative measurement of lactic acid at physiological concentration in human serum

Lactic acid is a simple and effective indicator for estimating physiological function. Rapid and sensitive detection of lactic acid is very useful in clinical diagnosis. However, the concentration of lactic acid in the physiological state is too low to be detected using traditional Raman spectroscopy. We applied silver colloidal nanoparticles‐mediated surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) for rapid identification and quantification of lactic acid. The standard SERS spectra of lactic acid were defined and the 1395 cm⁻¹ band intensity was used for quantification from 0.3 to 2 mM (R² = 0.99). In clinical blood sample measurement, the ultrafiltration (cutoff value 5 kDa) can efficiently reduce background fluorescence to improve SERS performance. We established identical and optimal procedure by adjusting reaction time and volume ratio of serum and nanoparticles to obtain high SERS reproducibility. Finally, we showed that silver colloidal nanoparticles‐mediated SERS technique was successfully applied to detect lactic acid at physiological concentrations in the blood. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

便携式拉曼光谱仪快速检测唾液中盐酸吡格列酮的含量

人体唾液与血液中的相应成分有着密切关系。利用唾液代替血液进行检测,可极大地缩短分析时间、减少检测限制、降低安全隐患等,因此在临床医学、毒品管控等方面均有重要意义。发展了便携式拉曼光谱仪利用表面增强拉曼光谱技术快速定量检测唾液中盐酸吡格列酮(口服降血糖药物)含量的方法。借助纳米金溶胶的表面增强拉曼散射效应,在激发光源波长为785 nm时,可以得到低浓度盐酸吡格列酮的高质量拉曼光谱图。同时,不同浓度盐酸吡格列酮表面增强拉曼光谱分析结果表明,该方法还可直接用于唾液中盐酸吡格列酮的定量检测。盐酸吡格列酮含量与其特征峰强度线性相关,相关系数为0.992 3,且最低检测浓度达10 μg·L-1。     

半导体纳米粒子SERS基底对大肠杆菌的无损检测研究

很多致命的疾病都与细菌感染密切相关,快速、准确地检测和鉴定细菌及微生物,一直是微生物学家及有关科研工作者追求的目标,拉曼光谱可以提供丰富的谱图信息,而表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS)有很高的检测灵敏度,然而一些贵金属SERS基底却容易使蛋白质变性,影响检测结果。以大肠杆菌(E.Coli)作为目标检测细菌,首先检测到大肠杆菌的拉曼光谱,之后采用两种不同的SERS基底(ZnO,Ag溶胶)进行检测。结果表明Ag溶胶基底有很强且较丰富的SERS信号,但是相对于E.Coli的本体拉曼谱峰有较大位移,说明与银溶胶相互作用的细菌存在一定的蛋白质变性过程;而ZnO纳米粒子与细菌作用的SERS信号虽然较弱,但是与E.Coli的本体拉曼信号较为相似,说明ZnO纳米粒子对E.Coli本体基本无损,这将有利于SERS在生物体系的无损检测。该结果可以为利用生物相容性好的半导体SERS基底进行细菌的检测提供有益的参考。     

Detection of total protein in milk using phosphomolybdic acid‐mediated surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy

Although many surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)‐based methods for detecting specific proteins have been studied, simple and direct detection of total protein in liquid using a SERS‐based method remains difficult. In this study, a distinguishable effect on the SERS spectra from pre‐mixture of phosphomolybdic acid (PMA) with protein was found, indicating that PMA could be used as a SERS reporter for total protein detection in a liquid sample. Further experiments confirmed a good linear relationship between a premixed concentration of protein (casein, whey protein or bovine serum albumin) and the SERS intensity of PMA in our SERS system. Using casein as a reference, a PMA‐mediated SERS method was proposed that can quantitatively analyze protein at 2.5–25 µg/ml with a limit of detection of 1.5 µg/ml. Our PMA‐mediated SERS method is a simple and rapid method for quantitative analysis of total protein in milk. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Sensitive Raman spectroscopy of lipids based on drop deposition using DCDR and SERS

Raman spectroscopy is widely used for study of lipids and membrane models. A severe limitation of this technique lies in the low Raman cross section requiring high sample concentrations. We report sensitive detection of synthetic 1,2‐dimyristoyl‐3‐trimethylammonium‐propane (DMTAP) lipid employing two Raman techniques with improved sensitivity: drop coating deposition Raman (DCDR) and surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopies. DCDR provided well‐reproducible DMTAP spectra without considerable loss of its solution properties if measured from the ‘coffee ring’ pattern of a drop dried on a SpectRIM^TM plate. DMTAP was detected at ~10 μM initial solution concentration, which is about three orders of magnitude lower than that for conventional Raman spectroscopy. Moreover, SERS spectra from dried ring of Ag hydrosol/DMTAP system were obtained down to ~0.3 μM DMTAP concentration, which means that sensitivity of SERS is about five orders of magnitude higher than that of conventional Raman spectroscopy. In contrast to the DCDR technique, good SERS spectra of DMTAP were obtained only from some spots of the ring containing big nanoparticle aggregates, and the structural properties of DMTAP were significantly perturbed by adsorption on the Ag nanoparticles. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Characterization of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons using Raman and surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous atmospheric pollutants and food contaminants, which exhibit potent carcinogenicity, mutagenicity, and teratogenicity. Vibrational spectroscopy techniques, especially Raman spectroscopy and surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), can be potentially used as an alternative technique to liquid and gas chromatography in PAH analysis. However, there is limited information on the intrinsic Raman and SERS fingerprints of PAHs. In this study, we have acquired the Raman and SERS spectra of seven PAH compounds and compared their experimental spectra with theoretical Raman spectra calculated by density function theory (DFT). The vibrational modes corresponding to the Raman peaks have also been assigned using DFT. Characteristic Raman and SERS peaks have been identified for five PAH compounds, and the limits of detection were estimated. Such information could be useful for developing SERS assays for simple and rapid PAH identification. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.