钴胺素溶析结晶过程及离子杂质对其晶体生长的影响

采用激光法研究了钴胺素的结晶过程热力学,考察了温度、溶剂对溶解度和超溶解度的影响,并测定了介稳区,介稳区的宽度随体系中丙酮含量的减小而变宽. 研究了离子杂质Na+、Mg2+、Ca2+和Fe3+对钴胺素结晶诱导期的影响. 结果表明,离子的存在使得晶体更容易出现断裂和聚结,并用扫描电子显微镜测试技术对晶体的表面形貌进行了表征. 结果表明,Fe3+、Mg2+比Na+、Ca2+影响更明显.     

光谱法研究金属离子与肿瘤抑制蛋白p53的DNA结合结构域的相互作用

利用荧光滴定法研究了9种金属离子与序列特异性的DNA结合结构域(p53DBD)的结合反应,其结合能力依次为Fe3+＞Zn2+＞Cu2+＞Ca2+＞Mg2+＞Ba2+＞Mn2+＞Ni2+＞Co2+.圆二色谱研究结果表明,Ba2+, Ca2+, Co2+, Mn2+及Ni2+并未引起蛋白二级结构变化; Zn2+, Mg2+及Fe3+诱导蛋白结构细微调整;而Cu2+结合导致蛋白螺旋结构大量丢失.ANS结合研究结果表明, Mg2+与Zn2+相似,诱导p53DBD蛋白表面疏水性增强,而Fe3+引起p53DBD蛋白表面疏水性降低.因此,Mg2+和Fe3+可能是影响或调节p53活性的潜在因子之一.     

A New Fluorescent Chemosensor for Cu2+ Based on Acridine-1, 8-dione Fluorophore

合成了以吖啶为发色团,以二吡啶甲基胺为离子受体的Cu2+荧光探针,并进行了表征及离子识别性能的研究。研究表明该化合物对Cu2+具有良好的识别性能,同时相对于Na+, K+, Ca2+, Cd2+, Co2+, Hg2+, Mg2+, Mn2+, Ni2+, Fe3+, Zn2+, Ag+ and Pb2+.等金属离子具有良好的选择性。并研究了EDTA作用下荧光恢复性能,结果表明该化合物具有Cu2+引发的荧光开光功能。     

钙调素离子选择性的理论研究

通过分子动力学模拟计算研究了Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, Na+与钙调素形成复合物的结构和能量特征. 计算得到了结合不同离子后的钙调素结构差异, 阐明了钙调素对这几种离子具有不同结合性质的结构和动力学原因. 其中, Ca2+与钙调素EF-hand基序中侧链残基上的氧原子形成配位键, 从而使其复合物的结构有较大的改变, 而和Ca2+同一主族, 性质相似的Mg2+及不同主族的Na+和K+, 它们与钙调素的结合能力比Ca2+与钙调素的弱许多, 对钙调素结构的影响也较小, 由此推测钙调素与Ca2+的结合机制和钙调素对Ca2+具有选择性的原因是由离子与钙调素中EF-hand基序的结合强度和构型共同决定的.     

Ni2+和Cd2+跨人红细胞膜的比较研究

以往对金属离子跨红细胞膜转运多集中在体内的宏量金属离子, 如Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+及某些必需的重金属元素Fe2+, Cu2+, Zn2+等[1～3], 对其它重金属离子的跨膜转运研究较少. 我们曾研究了具有不同电荷的Co(Ⅲ)配合物的红细胞摄入动力学及机理[4]. 在此基础上进一步选择离子电荷数相同, 但电子组态不同的两个金属离子Ni2+和Cd2+为研究对象. Ni2+为d8组态, 动力学上是惰性的, 为体内必需的微量元素; 而Cd2+为d10组态, 动力学上是活性的, 却为有毒重金属, 本研究比较了它们跨人红细胞膜传递的动力学以及其与人红细胞作用的差异性.     

金属离子(Na~+、K~+、Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+)、Zn~(2+))与鸟嘌呤异构体配合物的稳定性

在B3LYP/6-311++G**水平上用极化连续介质模型(PCM)系统研究了金属离子(M+/2+=Na+,K+,Ca2+,Mg2+,Zn2+)和十三种鸟嘌呤异构体形成的配合物GnxM+/2+(n为鸟嘌呤异构体的编号,x表示M+/2+与鸟嘌呤异构体的结合位点)在气(g)液(a)两相中的稳定性顺序.着重探讨了液相中配合物的稳定性差异,并且从溶质-溶剂效应、结合能、形变能及异构体的相对能量等几个方面分析了造成稳定顺序发生变化的原因.报道了溶液中这五种金属离子与鸟嘌呤异构体结合形成的六种基态配合物:aG1N2,N3Na+,aG1N2,N3K+,aG1O6,N7Ca2+,aG1N2,N3Mg2+(aG1O6,N7Mg2+),aG2N3,N9Zn2+.可以看出,除了在Zn2+配合物中鸟嘌呤异构体为G2外,构成其余四种金属离子配合物的鸟嘌呤异构体都是G1,但结合位点不同.同时对气相中各类配合物稳定性也进行了系统的排序,并报道了几种较稳定的配合物,如:gG3N1,O6K+,gG5N1,O6K+,gG3N1,O6Ca2+/Mg2+,gG4O6,N7Ca2+/Mg2+.     

柴油机尾气中的碱性无机污染物引起Cu-SAPO-18脱硝催化剂的化学失活

选择性催化还原NO_x (NH_3-SCR)已是柴油机尾气处理系统中有效的NO_x减排技术.铜基分子筛催化剂作为潜在的NH_3-SCR催化剂已被广泛研究,其中具有AEI结构的Cu-SAPO-18分子筛表现出优异的脱硝活性和水热稳定性,成为柴油机尾气后处理系统潜在的替代品.然而在实际的后处理应用中,生物柴油污染物、发动机润滑剂和燃料添加剂中的一些无机组分(K, Na, S, P, Ca和Mg等)可逐渐聚集在催化剂表面,导致催化剂孔道堵塞和活性位点丢失,最终导致SCR催化剂失活.由于碱金属和碱土金属在柴油衍生物中含量较高,因而其对SCR催化剂的影响引起了人们更多的关注.本文采用浸渍法制备了掺杂不同含量碱性无机污染物(K, Na, Ca和Mg)的Cu-SAPO-18催化剂,以阐明这些污染物对Cu-SAPO-18结构、酸性位点和铜物种的影响.XRD和氮吸附实验结果表明,低含量污染物的掺入造成催化剂孔道堵塞和比表面积下降,而高含量污染物引入导致催化剂部分结构被破坏,其中高含量Na的引入造成催化剂结构破坏最为严重.H_2-TPR和EPR结果表明,污染物引入Cu-SAPO-18后,催化剂的Cu~(2+)数目减少,这是由于Cu~(2+)被K~+, Na~+, Ca~(2+)和Mg~(2+)取代造成的.被取代的Cu~(2+)由于无法位于离子交换位点上会在煅烧过程中转变成CuO和CuAl_2O_4, CuO的产生会造成催化剂孔道堵塞甚至部分骨架结构坍塌.另外,NH_3-TPD结果表明,与新鲜催化剂相比,被污染的Cu-SAPO-18催化剂总酸性位点减少,这是由于H~+和Cu~(2+)被K~+, Na~+, Ca~(2+)和Mg~(2+)取代造成Br?nsted酸和Lewis酸减少造成的.催化剂比表面积的降低、Cu~(2+)数目以及酸含量的减少最终造成催化剂失活,且催化剂失活程度随无机污染物含量的增加而增大.但不同无机组分造成催化剂的失活程度不同,其中K, Na, Ca和Mg造成Cu-SAPO-18催化剂失活程度为K Na Ca Mg.此外, K, Na, Ca和Mg造成Cu-SAPO-18催化剂比表面积、Cu~(2+)含量以及酸含量的减少程度分别为Na K Ca Mg, Na K Mg Ca和K Na Ca Mg.其中酸含量下降程度与催化剂失活程度一致,表明在某种程度上,酸含量对催化剂NH_3-SCR活性的影响高于催化剂结构和Cu~(2+)对活性的影响.最后,我们还通过NH3-SCR动力学测试研究了K, Na, Ca和Mg对Cu-SAPO-18催化NH_3-SCR反应机理的影响,结果显示新鲜催化剂和被污染催化剂具有相近的活化能,表明无机污染物对Cu-SAPO-18催化NH3-SCR反应机理没有影响.     

常见金属离子对漆酶酶活的影响

检测了14种不同的金属离子对两种漆酶(laccaseA和laccaseB,简称LacA和LacB)活性的影响.结果表明:Al3+,Fe3+,Ag+,Hg2+对两种漆酶的活性都有抑制作用,其中Fe3+,Ag+的抑制作用最强,酶活完全损失;Mg2+,Cu2+对两种漆酶的活性有激活作用.     

水溶液中对Cr~(3+)高选择性荧光化学传感器的研究

设计了一种新型的Cr3+荧光化学传感器.通过荧光光谱滴定实验研究了其对Li+,Na+,K+,Zn2+,Co2+,Ni 2+,Cu2+,Fe2+,Mn2+,Al 3+,Fe3+和Cr3+等不同金属离子的选择性识别能力,结果表明,该传感器在生理pH=7.4的HEPES中对Cr3+表现出较高的选择性,并与Cr3+形成1∶1配合物,主客体相互作用荧光猝灭的络合常数为(7.80±0.34)×103.     

探究黑枸杞中花青素稳定性的生活化实验设计

以黑枸杞为研究对象,从溶液酸碱性、温度、离子种类等方面探究影响黑枸杞中花青素稳定性的因素。结果表明,花青素在弱酸弱碱、低温,含Na+,K+,Mg2+,Ba2+,Cl-,SO42-等离子的溶液中较稳定;在强酸强碱、高温,含Ca2+,NO3-,CO32-等离子的溶液中稳定性较差。Ca2+是造成蒸馏水和自来水提取液颜色差异的主要因素。基于此设计的生活化实验简单、安全、有趣味,易于操作。     

Decationization and dealumination of clinoptilolite tuff and ammonium exchange on acid-modified tuff

The paper presents results of investigation of exchange of the clinoptilolite tuff cations with hydrogen ions from HCl solution of concentration 0.1 mmol cm(-3) and ammonium ions solutions of concentrations 0.0071 to 2.6 mmol cm(-3). Molal concentrations, x (mmol g(-1)) of cations exchanged in acid solution and in ammonium ions solutions were compared with molal concentrations of cations obtained by determination of the cation-exchange capacity of clinoptilolite tuff. The obtained results show that at ammonium ion concentrations lower than 0.1 mmol cm(-3), with regard to exchange capacity for particular ions, best exchanged are Na+ ions, followed by Mg2+ and Ca2+ ions, while exchange of K+ ions is the poorest (Na+ > Mg2+ > Ca2+ > K+). At ammonium concentrations from 0.2 to 1 mmol cm(-3) the order is Na+ > Ca2+ > Mg2+ > K+. At concentrations higher than 1 mmol cm(-3) the order is Na+ > Ca2+ > K+ > Mg2+. The results are a consequence of the uptake of hydrogen ions by zeolite samples in ammonium ions solutions at concentrations lower than 1 mmol cm(-3) and indicate the importance of Mg2+ (besides Na+ ions) for the exchange between clinoptilolite cations and H+ ions, in contrast to K+ ions, whose participation in the reaction with H+ ions is the lowest. During decationization of the clinoptilolite in acid solution, best exchanged are Na+, Mg2+, and Ca2+ ions, while exchange of K+ ions is the poorest. Due to poor exchange of K+ and H+ ions and good exchange of Na+, Mg2+, and Ca2+ ions, it is to be assumed that preservation of stability of the clinoptilolite structure is caused by K+ ions present in the channel C. Clinoptilolite is dissolved in the clinoptilolite A and B channels where Na+, Mg2+, and Ca2+ ions are present. On the acid-modified clinoptilolite samples, exchange of ammonium ions is poorer than on natural zeolite. The longer the contact time of the zeolite and acid solution, the worse ammonium ions exchange. It can be assumed that H+ ions exchanged with zeolite cations are consumed for solution of aluminum in the clinoptilolite structure; therefore the concentration of H+ ions as exchangeable cations decreases. In the ammonium ion solution at a concentration of 0.0065 mmol cm(-3), from the acid-modified zeolite samples, Al3+ ions are exchanged best, followed by Na+, Mg2+, Ca2+, and K+ ions. Further to the results, it is to be assumed that exchangeable Al3+ ions available from clinoptilolite dissolution are best exchanged with H+ ions in acid solution.     

碱金属和碱土金属离子在反相高效液相色谱柱上的保留机理

发现以酒石酸和吡啶二甲酸等羧酸水溶液作淋洗剂时，钠，铵，钾，镁和钙等碱金属及碱土金属离子在ＯＤＳ反相高效液相色谱柱上有明显的保留，而且相互之间能达到一定程度的分离。单独用分配或疏水作用等反相高效液相色谱的保留机理难以解释其保留行为。为此，作者提出了动态包固定相机理，即认为羧酸根阴离子因其疏水性在ＯＤＳ固定相有保留，在固定相表面形成具有羧酸基阳离子交换树脂功能的动态包覆固定相。     

Effect of metal ions (Li+, Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, and Zn2+) and water coordination on the structure of glycine and zwitterionic glycine

Interactions between metal ions and amino acids are common both in solution and in the gas phase. Here, the effect of metal ions and water on the structure of glycine is examined. The effect of metal ions (Li+, Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, and Zn2+) and water on structures of Gly.Mn+(H2O)m and GlyZwitt.Mn+(H2O)m (m = 0, 2, 5) complexes have been determined theoretically by employing the hybrid B3LYP exchange-correlation functional and using extended basis sets. Selected calculations were carried out also by means of CBS-QB3 model chemistry. The interaction enthalpies, entropies, and Gibbs energies of eight complexes Gly.Mn+ (Mn+ = Li+, Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, and Zn2+) were determined at the B3LYP density functional level of theory. The computed Gibbs energies DeltaG degrees are negative and span a rather broad energy interval (from -90 to -1100 kJ mol(-1)), meaning that the ions studied form strong complexes. The largest interaction Gibbs energy (-1076 kJ mol(-1)) was computed for the NiGly2+ complex. Calculations of the molecular structure and relative stability of the Gly.Mn+(H2O)m and GlyZwitt.Mn+(H2O)m (Mn+ = Li+, Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, and Zn2+; m = 0, 2, and 5) systems indicate that in the complexes with monovalent metal cations the most stable species are the NO coordinated metal cations in non-zwitterionic glycine. Divalent cations Mg2+, Ca2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, and Zn2+ prefer coordination via the OO bifurcated bonds of the zwitterionic glycine. Stepwise addition of two and five water molecules leads to considerable changes in the relative stability of the hydrated species. Addition of two water molecules at the metal ion in both Gly.Mn+ and GlyZwitt.Mn+ complexes reduces the relative stability of metallic complexes of glycine. For Mn+ = Li+ or Na+, the addition of five water molecules does not change the relative order of stability. In the Gly.K+ complex, the solvation shell of water molecules around K+ ion has, because of the larger size of the potassium cation, a different structure with a reduced number of hydrogen-bonded contacts. This results in a net preference (by 10.3 kJ mol(-1)) of the GlyZwitt.K+H2O5 system. Addition of five water molecules to the glycine complexes containing divalent cations Mg2+, Ca2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, and Zn2+ results in a net preference for non-zwitterionic glycine species. The computed relative Gibbs energies are quite high (-10 to -38 kJ mol(-1)), and the NO coordination is preferred in the Gly.Mn+(H2O)5 (Mn+ = Mg2+, Ca2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, and Zn2+) complexes over the OO coordination.     

内含式化合物X@Al12P12的结构与稳定性研究

采用B3LYP／6—31G*方法,对内含式化合物X@Al12P12(X=Li^0/ ,Na^0/ ,K^0/2 ,Be^0/2 ,Mg^0/2 ,Ca^0/2 ,H和He)的不同对称性构型进行计算,讨论其最稳定构型的几何参数、布居分析、偶极矩、电离势、包含能、频率、HOMO—LUMO能隙和自旋密度．发现X@Al12P12化合物中,客体X=Na^0/ ,K^0/ ,Mg和He几乎处在笼的中心,Be和Ca^0/2 处在中心附近0．033nm的半径内,Li^0/ ,Be^2 ,Mg^2 和H很大程度上偏离笼的中心位置．大部分金属内含式化合物的C3对称性构型稳定．Li^0/ 。,Be^0/2 ,Mg^2 ,Ca^2 和H与其它离子相比更易嵌入笼内形成稳定的内含式化合物．     

Local structure of magnesium in silicate glasses: a 25Mg 3QMAS NMR study

We have reported the 25Mg triple-quantum magic-angle spinning (3QMAS) NMR spectra of silicate glasses. The two-dimensional spectra suggest that the magnesium ions in MgSiO3, CaMgSi2O6, Ca2MgSi2O7, Mg3Al2Si3O12, and Li2MgSi2O6 glasses are mainly in octahedral environments, although in Na2MgSi2O6, K2MgSi2O6, and K2MgSi5O12 glasses they form tetrahedral species. We discussed the coordination environments of Mg based on the field strength of competing Mg2+, Ca2+, Na+, K+, and Li+ cations, and convincingly demonstrated that there is a correlation between them. These results indicate that the two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy such as MQMAS technique is a very useful method to analyze the local environments of nonframework cations in noncrystalline solids.     

Use of mobile phase 18-crown-6 to improve peak resolution between mono- and divalent metal and amine cations in ion chromatography

It is difficult to quantify NH4+ by ion chromatography in the presence of high concentrations of Na+ due to peak overlap. The Dionex IonPac CS15 column, which contains phosphonate, carboxylate, and 18-crown-6 functional groups, was originally developed to overcome this problem. We have found that the addition of 18-crown-6 to the eluent promotes improved peak resolution between Na+ and NH4+ even at concentrations as high as 60,000 to 1 using this column. Its use also improves the separation of alkali and alkaline earth metal and amine cations. Mobile phase 18-crown-6 increased the retention times of CH3NH3+, NH4+, and K+, and decreased the retention time of Sr2+. The retention times of Li+, Na+, Mg2+, Ca2+, (CH3)2NH2+, and (CH3)3NH+ were not affected. This method makes possible the direct analysis of ammonia from nitrogenase, the enzyme responsible for biological nitrogen fixation. The resolution of the NH4+ peak from the Na+ and Mg2+ peaks improved from zero resolution to values of 6.19 and 5.65, respectively. This technique considerably reduces the analysis time of NH4+ in the presence of high concentrations of Mg2+ and Na+ over traditional indophenol measurements.     

Promotion of cyclization of linear pentapeptides and heptapeptide by different univalent metal ions

Univalent metal ions such as Na+, K+ and Cs+ can enhance not only the cyclization yields of some linear pentapeptides and heptapeptide but also their cyclization rates while some bivalent and trivalent metal ions such as Mg2+, Ca2+, Zn2+, Fe2+, Ni2+ and Cr3+ elevate neither the cyclization yields nor the cyclization rates and some of them prevent the cyclization.     

A tryptophan-containing fluoroionophore sensor with high sensitivity to and selectivity for lead ion in water

We report herein a fluoroionophore sensor derivated from tryptophan that shows high sensitivity (detection limit up to 0.15 microM) and specific selectivity for lead ion (Pb2+) over Ca2+, Cd2+, Co2+, Cr3+, Cu2+, K+, Mg2+, Na+, Fe2+, Mn2+, Ni2+ and Zn2+ in aqueous solution.     

Dual-mode semisquaraine-based sensor for selective detection of Hg2+ in a micellar medium

[reaction: see text] A novel chemosensor based on semisquaraine dye (SSQ) for selective detection of Hg2+ is described. SSQ is obtained in quantitative yields from the reaction between squaric acid and 6-ethoxy-2-quinaldinium iodide. SSQ in combination with surfactant shows a dual chromogenic and fluorogenic response selectively toward Hg2+ as compared to Li+, Na+, K+, Ag+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Zn2+, Pb2+, Cd2+, Cu2+, and Fe3+ due to the soft acid nature and size of the mercuric ion.     

Rhodamine-derived Schiff base for the selective determination of mercuric ions in water media

A new rhodamine-derived Schiff base (RS) was synthesized and its sensing property to metal ions was investigated by UV/vis and fluorescence spectroscopies. Addition of Hg2+ ions to the aqueous solution of RS gave a visual color change as well as significantly fluorescent enhancement, while other ions including Pb2+, Cd2+, Cr3+, Zn2+, Cu2+, Fe2+, Co3+, Ni2+, Ca2+, Mg2+, K+ and Na+ ions did not induce any distinct color/spectral changes, which constituted a Hg2+-selective fluorescent OFF-ON chemosensor. The Hg2+-induced ring-opening of spirolactam of rhodamine in RS resulted in the dual chromo- and fluorogenic observation.