A false color image fusion method based on multi-resolution color transfer in normalization YCBCR space

In this paper, a false color image fusion method for merging visible and infrared images is proposed. Firstly, the source images and reference image are decomposed respectively by Laplacian pyramid transform. Then the grayscale fused image and the difference images between the normalized source images are assigned to construct YC_BC_R components. In the color transfer step, all the three channels of the color space in each decomposition level are processed with the statistic color mapping according to the color characteristics of the corresponding sub-images of the reference image. Color transfer is designed based on the multi-resolution scheme in order to significantly improve the detailed information of the final image, and to reduce excessive saturation phenomenon to have a comparatively natural color appearance compared with the classical global-coloring algorithm. Moreover, the differencing operation between the normalized source images not only provides inter-sensor contrast to make popping the potential targets but also weakens the influence of the ambient illumination variety to a certain degree. Finally, the fused results and several metrics for evaluation of fused images subjectively and objectively illustrate that the proposed color image fusion algorithm can yield a more complete mental representation of the perceived scene, resulting in better situational awareness.     

Improved wavelet transform algorithm for single image dehazing

Image dehazing to single color image remains a longstanding challenge in image processing. Because of light scattered by the suspended particles in the atmosphere, photographs taken in the foggy day look gray and lack visibility. How to improve the capacity for the clear image's structures and colors. Toward this objective, we explored the improved Wavelet Transform algorithm on image haze removal. Here, we propose a improved algorithm on image haze removal. Our method is to first apply wavelet transform to image dehazing, and then use Retinex (SSR) algorithm to enhance the color performance and to improve the color effect after applying wavelet transform to image dehazing, and finally get the desired haze-removed image. Experimental results show that this algorithm is effective and practical, and the effect is ideal.     

自适应参考图像的可见光与热红外彩色图像融合算法

可见光与红外热图像的彩色图像融合技术是现今国内外高性能夜视技术发展的重要方向之一,该技术有效提高了人们对目标的探测和场景理解能力。目前常用的色彩传递算法多属于基于单幅参考图像的全局色彩传递算法,彩色融合图像的色调受到参考图像的影响较大,在实际应用中难以保证对各类场景的适应性。针对常规YUV空间色彩传递彩色图像融合算法的环境适应性问题,通过对植物、城镇和海天三类典型场景的分类与统计,发现了典型场景在UV通道的均值和标准差具有的较为明显的分类特性,由此提出了一种基于UV通道均值和标准差的自适应参考图像构造方法,使得可见光与热红外彩色图像融合算法具有较常规算法更好的环境适应性,融合图像的色彩具有较好的自然感,且算法处理量较小,对现有实时硬件融合处理算法的运算速度影响不大,是一种环境适应性强的自然感彩色融合处理算法。     

近红外与可见光双通道传感器信息融合的去雾技术

为了对雾霾天气下的图像进行去雾处理,多幅图像去雾算法是常用的方法之一。多幅图像去雾算法也有多种形式,部分算法面临硬件实现困难、获取途径受限或者可实施性弱等问题,而且多幅图像比对处理时常常涉及图像配准,造成算法的实时性差、计算复杂度高等问题。针对以上问题,提出的算法为多幅图像去雾提供了新的思路,基于双目传感器硬件架构能够同时捕获近红外和可见光图像,将近红外传感器图像作为新的数据源,近红外传感器能够在一定程度上穿透雾霾,在雾天捕获可见光传感器无法捕获的图像细节,而且硬件实现简单。可见光图像的颜色信息较丰富,近红外传感器图像对近处场景细节的描述能力较好,捕获的图像稍加校正就能实现完全配准,将近红外图像与可见光图像进行融合,在去雾的同时,可以将近红外传感器图像中的原始细节提取融合到彩色可见光传感器图像中,得到边缘、轮廓等细节信息更加丰富的去雾图像。基于上述思路,借助近红外传感器对边缘细节的描述能力和可见光传感器对颜色信息的反映能力,提出了一种基于近红外与可见光双通道传感器图像融合的去雾算法。首先,将彩色可见光图像转换到HIS彩色空间,分别得到亮度通道图像、色调通道图像和饱和度通道图像。先将其亮度通道图与近红外图像进行融合去雾处理。采用非下采样Shearlet变换（NSST）进行分解,对得到的高频系数进行双指数边缘平滑滤波器保边滤波处理,对低频系数进行反锐化掩蔽处理,通过融合规则和反向变换得到新的亮度通道图像。然后,在对可见光图像的色彩处理中,建立饱和度图的退化模型,采用暗原色原理对参数进行估计,得到估计的饱和度图。最后,将新的亮度通道图像,估计的饱和度图像和原色调图像反映射到RGB空间得到去雾图像。为了验证新算法的有效性,特选取四组雾天拍摄的真实近红外图像与可见光图像进行融合去雾处理,将融合结果与其他两种去雾方法对于彩色可见光图像的去雾效果进行比较。实验结果表明,该算法在提高图像的边缘对比度和视觉清晰度上有较好的效果。并提出将近红外传感器图像作为新的数据源,采用双通道图像融合方法进行去雾处理,为图像去雾提供的新的技术思路是可行的。该算法的优势在于：首先提出将图像融合方法与去雾算法相结合,得到了新的去雾算法的思路。将彩色可见光图像转换到HSI色彩空间,将其亮度通道图与近红外图像采用非下采样Shearlet变换方法进行融合处理,在去雾的同时,可以将近红外传感器图像中的原始细节提取融合到彩色可见光传感器图像中,使得去雾图像中的边缘、轮廓等细节信息更加丰富。其次,提出了在图像去雾算法中采用新的数据源--近红外传感器图像,从图像处理的角度,近红外传感器能够在一定程度上穿透雾霾,对于近处场景细节的描述能力较好,而且硬件实现简单,捕获的图像稍加校正就能实现完全配准,为后续的融合去雾算法带来了便利,为图像去雾提供了新的技术途径和路线。再次,采用的是多幅图像去雾算法,该算法基于双目传感器获取图像,可见光图像的颜色信息较丰富,近红外图像对于近处场景细节的描述能力较好,相对于单幅图像去雾算法,有更好的效果。最后,将可见光传感器图像映射到其他色彩空间,对于每个通道的图像根据其特征有针对性地进行处理。可见光图像的亮度通道图和近红外图像的处理采用了图像融合和增强处理,对于可见光图像饱和度通道的处理采用了图像复原算法,可以从整体上提升去雾效果,对细节特征有了进一步增强。该算法为图像去雾提供了新的技术途径和路线。     

Retinex-Based Fast Algorithm for Low-Light Image Enhancement

We proposed the Retinex-based fast algorithm (RBFA) to achieve low-light image enhancement in this paper, which can restore information that is covered by low illuminance. The proposed algorithm consists of the following parts. Firstly, we convert the low-light image from the RGB (red, green, blue) color space to the HSV (hue, saturation, value) color space and use the linear function to stretch the original gray level dynamic range of the V component. Then, we estimate the illumination image via adaptive gamma correction and use the Retinex model to achieve the brightness enhancement. After that, we further stretch the gray level dynamic range to avoid low image contrast. Finally, we design another mapping function to achieve color saturation correction and convert the enhanced image from the HSV color space to the RGB color space after which we can obtain the clear image. The experimental results show that the enhanced images with the proposed method have better qualitative and quantitative evaluations and lower computational complexity than other state-of-the-art methods.     

CMYKIR security graphics separation in the infrared area

Graphic printing inks respond in different ways when they are in the wavelengths of a near infrared (IR) area. It is not possible to measure such response in the IR and describe it with parameters from the CIELab, sRGB or HSB color systems that are the base for color theory in the visible spectrum area. Additive RGB colors that we use to describe the image in our eye correspond with subtractive C₀M₀Y₀ printing inks used for nearly overall printing reproduction in the overall color visual spectrum. Adding of black color ink that has a good response in the infrared area, and subtracting CMY inks makes it possible to carry out each color tone in an endless number of ways. CMYK printing ink characteristics are the basis for setting the algorithm for double appearance of independent graphics: the first graphic in daylight and the second “IR graphic” in infrared light. Proposed algorithm creates a print X on the base of two pictures: the original one X₀ and mask F. The aim is documents’ ultimate security which is detected in IR area. Graphic element visibility with the help of instruments in the wavelength area from 700 to 1000 nm allows programming the selection of image information by using process inks only. The individual characteristics of those printing inks are used for introducing a new criteria in the RGB/CMYK separation process with the goal to create IR graphics. We call this separation CMYKIR and use it for planning the dosing of inks in the creation of good quality reproductions with incorporated IR characteristics: either for causing or prohibiting the IR effect. The goal of CMYKIR reproduction is to incorporate the set “IR graphic” that is not meant to be detected in the visible spectrum part.     

Embedding color watermarks in color images based on Schur decomposition

In this paper, a blind dual color image watermarking scheme based on Schur decomposition is introduced. This is the first time to use Schur decomposition to embed color image watermark in color host image, which is different from using the binary image as watermark. By analyzing the 4 × 4 unitary matrix U via Schur decomposition, we can find that there is a strong correlation between the second row first column element and the third row first column element. This property can be explored for embedding watermark and extracting watermark in the blind manner. Since Schur decomposition is an intermediate step in SVD decomposition, the proposed method requires less number of computations. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme is robust against most common attacks including JPEG lossy compression, JPEG 2000 compression, low-pass filtering, cropping, noise addition, blurring, rotation, scaling and sharpening et al. Moreover, the proposed algorithm outperforms the closely related SVD-based algorithm and the spatial-domain algorithm.     

一种用硬件实现的Bayer格式图像恢复算法

针对传统的双线性Bayer彩色图像恢复算法恢复效果不理想,边界部分不明显,局部图像有团块等问题,提出了一种基于硬件实现的Bayer图像快速插值算法。采用梯度算法对Bayer格式图像绿色通道进行恢复,根据像素点所属的颜色组对蓝色通道进行恢复。实验结果表明,本文算法比双线性法有更好的峰值信噪比(PSNR)值,RGB 3个通道的PSNR值均比双线性法高5 dB以上,而且算法消耗时间比双线性法少,恢复的图像视觉效果更好。实验处理一幅512×512的全彩图像仅需要9.3 ms,完全可以满足实时性的要求,因此,本文算法在对实时性要求高的场合有很好的应用前景。     

基于显著兴趣点颜色及空间分布的图像检索新方法

提出了一种基于显著兴趣点的图像检索新方法,此方法主要有显著兴趣点检测、基于显著兴趣点的特征描述和相似性度量三个步骤.先使用一个自适应滤波器对图像进行滤波,然后提取显著兴趣点;以显著兴趣点为线索,设计了一种基于显著兴趣点的环形颜色直方图,既利用了显著兴趣点的局部特征,又考虑了显著兴趣点的空间分布结构;用图像间的环形颜色直方图距离来度量图像间的相似性.该检索算法不但保证了对图像旋转、平移鲁棒性,而且克服了传统直方图没有空间位置的缺陷.实验结果表明,该方法对图像检索非常有效.     

基于YCbCr颜色空间背景建模与手势阴影消除

为了提高动态手势检测的精确度,本文将基于YCbCr颜色空间的混合高斯背景建模应用于动态手势识别中,并且提出手势阴影消除的有效算法。首先,对待检测视频帧通过抠图抠出手势图像,在YCb'Cr'颜色空间进行椭圆拟合,统计建立椭圆肤色模型,继而在YCbCr颜色空间进行混合高斯背景建模检测出动态手势,点乘原图像得到含有阴影的RGB手势图像,对检测出的含有阴影的手势图像利用已建立的椭圆肤色模型进行阴影消除,最后将手势图像连成视频序列。实验结果表明,该算法在复杂背景下进行动态手势的检测率可达91.4%,高出传统方法10%左右,能够满足动态手势检测基本要求,且具有较高的实用价值。     

基于图像分割和局部亮度调整的微光图像颜色传递算法

为提高微光夜视图像质量,提出一种基于图像分割和局部亮度调整的颜色传递算法。用简单线性迭代聚类结合K均值聚类对微光图像进行分割,在YCbCr颜色空间中利用子区域与参考图像每一个像素点上亮度的一致性,将匹配参考图像的颜色分量传递到目标图像的子区域,以目标图像纹理特征中对比度的值作为系数,调整目标图像子区域的亮度值,进行颜色空间转换并显示颜色传递结果。搭建了微光图像成像系统,进行了微光图像分割及完成了微光图像的颜色传递。结果表明,改进的分割算法将图像中不同的景物分割出来,得到的彩色微光图像的峰值信噪均值达到12.048 dB,比Welsh算法平均提高2.63 dB。     

A new image encryption algorithm based on chaos

In this letter, we introduce a new image encryption algorithm based on iterating chaotic maps. Using the pseudorandom sequence generated by a group of one dimensional chaotic maps, the proposed algorithm realizes fast encryption and decryption of both gray-scale image and true color image. Moreover, the rounds of encryption could be set by the user. Theoretical analysis and numerical simulation prove the proposed algorithm effective and secure.     

基于形态学变换和FFCM聚类的灰度图像颜色迁移算法

针对传统颜色迁移算法计算量大、对图像无法准确进行颜色迁移的问题,提出一种基于形态学变换和快速模糊C均值聚类（FFCM）的灰度图像颜色迁移算法。首先对目标图像进行腐蚀膨胀运算,消除亮度不均匀的区域,通过FFCM聚类算法对目标图像进行准确聚类,然后在目标图像与源图像中选取对应样本块,完成样本块的颜色迁移,并以已上色的样本块为参考,完成图像的全局颜色迁移。实验结果表明:与Welsh和FCM算法相比较,本文算法处理时间分别缩短64.29 %和54.25 %,结果图像在类间交界处的颜色过渡更加自然,证明了算法的有效性。     

Multi-sparse dictionary colorization algorithm based on the feature classification and detail enhancement

For the problems of missing details and performance of the colorization based on sparse representation, we propose a conceptual model framework for colorizing gray-scale images, and then a multi-sparse dictionary colorization algorithm based on the feature classification and detail enhancement (CEMDC) is proposed based on this framework. The algorithm can achieve a natural colorized effect for a gray-scale image, and it is consistent with the human vision. First, the algorithm establishes a multi-sparse dictionary classification colorization model. Then, to improve the accuracy rate of the classification, the corresponding local constraint algorithm is proposed. Finally, we propose a detail enhancement based on Laplacian Pyramid, which is effective in solving the problem of missing details and improving the speed of image colorization. In addition, the algorithm not only realizes the colorization of the visual gray-scale image, but also can be applied to the other areas, such as color transfer between color images, colorizing gray fusion images, and infrared images.     

基于YCbCr颜色空间的Retinex低照度图像增强方法研究

针对Retinex理论的低照度图像增强算法中光照图像估计问题,提出一种基于YCbCr颜色空间的低照度图像增强方法.该方法将原始低照度图像从RGB(Red Green Blue)颜色空间转换到YCbCr颜色空间,提取该空间中Y分量构建为原始光照图像分量L1(x,y),并对L1(x,y)进行Gamma校正得到增强的光照图像分量L2(x,y),经Retinex模型得到增强图像R(x,y),采用多尺度细节增强方法对图像R(x,y)进行细节增强,得到最终增强图像Re(x,y).实验结果表明,所提方法不仅能有效提升亮度,避免亮度和色彩失真,增强了图像的细节信息并获得了更好的视觉效果,而且运行速度快.     

一种结合JPEG压缩编码的彩色图像加密算法

为了研究针对联合图像专家小组压缩标准（joint photographic experts group,JPEG）彩色图像特点的加密算法,综合选择加密和在编码过程中加密两种思路,提出了一种空域和频域结合的加密算法. 首先在空域对8×8分块进行扩散置乱,然后利用边缘检测手段找出包含细节信息较多的重要分块,先加密所有分块中的直流（direct current,DC）系数,再选择重要分块中的一部分交流（alternating current,AC）系数进行加密,最后将分块重要性标记信息嵌入AC系数中进行传输. 通过理论分析和大量实验证明,算法格式兼容,密文图像视觉效果好、色彩分布均匀;算法密钥空间大,密钥敏感性强,安全性良好. 关键词： JPEG彩色图像 边缘检测 选择加密 结合编码加密     

Global brightness and local contrast adaptive enhancement for low illumination color image

An adaptive enhancement algorithm is proposed in the paper for low illumination color image which is low brightness and low contrast. The algorithm is realized through three steps: the global brightness adaptive adjustment, locally adaptive contrast enhancement and color restore. Experiments show that the brightness and local contrast of low illumination color image can be effectively enhanced. The details, especially in the dark region of enhanced image are more prominent and the enhanced image is more vivid than some other methods for low illumination color image enhancement.     

红外和彩色可见光图像亮度-对比度传递融合算法

以红外和彩色可见光图像为研究对象,提出了一种基于亮度-对比度传递（LCT）技术的彩色图像融合算法。首先借助灰度融合方法将红外图像与彩色可见光图像亮度分量融合,然后用LCT技术改善灰度融合结果的亮度和对比度,最后利用快速YCBCR变换融合策略在RGB空间内直接生成彩色融合图像。文中利用像素平均融合法和多分辨率融合法作为不同的灰度融合措施以分别满足高实时性和高融合质量的需求。实验结果表明,提出算法的融合结果不仅具有与输入彩色可见光图像相近的自然色彩,而且具备令人满意的亮度和对比度,即使采用运算简单的像素平均法进行灰度融合,同样可以获得良好的融合效果。     

红外伪彩色图像的去彩化研究

为适应人眼的感知能力,伪彩色编码技术常被用于处理红外探测系统输出的灰度图像。较于灰度图像,计算机对彩色图像处理所需的存储量与计算量较大。鉴于某些红外设备只提供伪红外图像的输出,因此伪红外图像的去彩色化算法成为该文的主要研究目标。除利用最大值分解、平均值与光亮度法3种常见灰度化算法对伪红外图像的处理外,直接对伪彩色图像进行解码的方式也在文中被用于红外图像的去彩色化。实验基于上述两类方法,对线性与正弦非线性彩虹伪彩色图像的去彩色化进行了研究,并对处理后图像的质量进行了比较。实验结果表明,常规灰度算法处理后的伪彩色图像质量较差,而线性伪彩色图像经解码处理后可完全恢复出原图,实现0均方差;对于正弦非线性算法,虽然存在由量化误差引起的损失,但与原图像比仍有非常低的均方差（0.309 4）与高的峰值信噪比（101.356 0）。     

Novel color image encryption algorithm based on the reality preserving fractional Mellin transform

A nonlinear color image encryption algorithm based on reality preserving fractional Mellin transform (RPFrMT) is proposed. So far as image encryption is concerned, RPFrMT has two fascinating advantages: (1) the real-valued output of the transform ensures that the ciphertext is real which is convenient for display, transmission and storage; (2) as a nonlinear transform, RPFrMT gets rid of the potential insecurity which exists in the conventional linear encryption schemes. The original color image is first transformed from RGB color space to R′G′B′ color space by rotating the color cube. The three components of the output are then transformed by RPFrMT of different fractional orders. To further enhance the security of the encryption system, the result of the former step is scrambled by three dimensional scrambling. Numerical simulations demonstrate that the proposed algorithm is feasible, secure, sensitive to keys and robust to noise attack and occlusion. The proposed color image encryption can also be applied to encrypt three gray images by transforming the gray images into three color components of a specially constructed color image.