断前粒子发射的壳效应

用推广的裂变扩散模型研究了裂变前壳效应对粒子发射的影响.双幻核²⁰⁸Pb和¹³²Sn被用作例子来展示这个壳效应.计算结果表明壳效应对这两个复合系统断前发射的粒子有影响.对中子,壳的影响非常明显.我们发现壳对中子发射的影响随着裂变系统激发能的增加而逐渐变弱.     

同位旋对轻系统裂变前粒子发射的影响

在Smoluchowski方程的框架内,研究了同位旋对轻裂变同量异位素源¹¹⁰Tc,¹¹⁰Pd,¹¹⁰In和同位素源^110,117,124In裂变前粒子发射的影响.计算结果表明:断前粒子发射对裂变源的同位旋有很强的依赖性,随着同位旋的增加,中子发射增强,而轻带电粒子则减弱;对一个高同位旋的系统,质子和α粒子不适合作为提取核耗散强度的实验观测量;核耗散强度的大小不改变同位旋对粒子发射的影响规律     

100,104Sn核在裂变过程中发射的轻粒子多重性

用扩散模型考察了轻的幻核¹⁰⁰Sn在裂变过程中蒸发的轻粒子多重性. 发现壳仅对质子的发射有很强的影响, 而对中子几乎没有影响, 这与¹³²Sn核的情况正好相反. 因此把这种现象归因于系统中质比(N/Z)的影响. 通过比较¹⁰⁴Sn和¹⁰⁰Sn发射的粒子, N/Z的 影响得到了进一步证实. 计算发现高激发能弱化了N/Z效应.     

30MeV/u 40Ar+ 112,124Sn反应中态布居核温度的同位旋效应

用13单元望远镜探测器阵列测量了30MeV/u ⁴⁰Ar +^112,124Sn反应中小角关联粒子,由两体符合事件提取了αα关联函数.用三体弹道理论模型MENEKA计算本底关联函数,用Monte Carlo方法计算探测效率函数,在扣除本底产额并考虑探测效率的修正后,对不同同位旋反应系统⁴⁰Ar +¹¹²Sn和⁴⁰Ar+¹²⁴Sn提取的相对态布居核温度分别是4.18±0.25 0.21MeV和4.10±0.22 0.20MeV ;考察态布居核温度和粒子能量的关系时,观察到两个系统的发射温度均随着粒子能量的增加而降低,缺中子系统⁴⁰Ar +¹¹²Sn中由低能时的5.13±0.30 0.2 6MeV降低到高能时的3.87±0.37 0.29MeV ,丰中子系统⁴⁰Ar+¹²⁴Sn中由低能时的5.39±0.30 0.26MeV降低到高能时的3.32±0.28 0.23MeV .用激发热核衰变过程的同位旋选择性对这种同位旋相关性进行了解释.     

同位旋对断前粒子发射影响的角动量依赖性

对一个同量异位素链²⁰²Fr,²⁰²Po,²⁰²Tl和一个同位素链^189,202,212Po,用裂变扩散模型考察了角动量对裂变前粒子发射同位旋效应的影响.发现断前粒子发射的同位旋效应敏感地依赖于系统的自旋.高的角动量不但弱化了同位旋对粒子蒸发的影响,而且也降低了核耗散对粒子发射的影响.因此,为了更准确地用粒子多重性来提取核耗散系数,选择一个低自旋的复合系统是重要的     

35MeV/u 40Ar+112Sn/124Sn反应中热核的同位旋对热核发射机制的影响

作为放射性束物理的延伸,热核的同位旋效应引起了理论和实验研究的广泛重视.给出35MeV/u ⁴⁰Ar+¹¹²Sn/¹²⁴Sn实验中,热核的同位旋对热核衰变出射道机制的影响:由于库仑不稳定性和库仑力作用,丰质子热核达到系统平衡前,很容易出现大量有利于增加余核中质比的高能粒子出射(如p.3He、a等);该类轻粒子在热核的衰变链中发射几率较大而且衰变链很长.这样,传统的热核测量量(如能谱斜率温度)将受到测量粒子种类的较大影响.     

挤出流的同位旋效应

在同位旋相关的量子分子动力学模型框架下,研究了碰撞系统¹²⁴Sn¹²⁴+Sn和¹²⁴Ba+¹²⁴Ba的挤出流及其同位旋效应.发现丰中子系统¹²⁴Sn+¹²⁴Sn表现出较小的挤出流,挤出流的这种同位旋相关性主要是由核子–核子碰撞截面的同位旋相关性所决定的,只与对称能微弱相关.     

中能重离子碰撞中的碰撞参数研究

在入射能量E为40和100MeV/u时,对¹¹²Sn+¹¹²Sn和¹²⁴Sn+¹²⁴Sn两个反应系统在不同碰撞参数下进行了同位旋相关的量子分子动力学模型计算,系统研究了阻塞率、线性动量转移、荷电粒子多重性、轻荷电粒子多重性、中子多重性以及束缚核总电荷Z_bound随碰撞参数的变化规律,结果表明,中子多重性对碰撞参数的依赖在两个能量下都存在着明显的同位旋效应,Z_bound在E为40MeV/u时存在着同位旋效应.同时讨论了在较低和较高能量时如何更合理地确定反应事件的碰撞参数.     

利用双n/p比探测对称能的密度依赖性

利用同位旋和动量相关的相对论强子输运模型IBUU04, 以中心碰撞¹²⁴Sn+¹²⁴Sn(¹³²Sn+¹²⁴Sn), ¹¹²Sn+¹¹²Sn双反应系统在E/A=50MeV(400MeV)为例, 在两种不同的对称能作用下, 研究了发射粒子谱中双n/p比随时间和动能的演化. 计算双n/p比的好处是它缩弱了库仑效应与探测低能中子的低效率的影响. 计算结果表明, 无论是在高密还是低密情况下, 双n/p比的动能分布都敏感地依赖于对称能, 因此双n/p比是探测对称能的一个理想探针.     

巨单极共振和对称能

基于带有混合同位旋标量-矢量非线性耦合的有效拉格朗日量, 在完全自洽的相对论无规位相近似的框架内, 通过单极压缩模式讨论了核物质的不可压缩性. 比较核²⁰⁸Pb,¹⁴⁴Sm,¹¹⁶Sn和⁹⁰Zr实验和计算的巨单极共振能量, 给出了核物质不可压缩系数的取值范围. 新的同位旋标量-矢量非线性耦合软化核物质的对称能, 但无损于基态性质与实验的一致性. 讨论了对称能的软化对巨单极共振的影响.     

Influence of Isotope on Shell Effects of Pre-scission Particle Evaporation

The shell effects on the particle evaporation prior to fission for three Pb isotopes, ^204Pb, ^208Pb, and ^212pb,as well as three Sn isotopes, ^128Sn, ^132Sn, and ^136Sn, are explored by a diffusion model. Calculations show that the magnitude of shell effects in the emission of particles changes with the neutron-to-proton ratio N/Z of these fissioning nuclei, and this change is affected significantly by the spin and excitation energy of the system. It is shown that high angular momentum enhances the dependence of shell effects on the N/Z while high excitation energy weakens such a dependence.     

Influence of Isotope on Shell Effects of Pre-scission Particle Evaporation

The shell effects on the particle evaporation prior to fission for three Pb isotopes, 204pb, 20sPb, and 212pb,as well as three Sn isotopes, 128Sn, 132Sn, and 136Sn, are explored by a diffusion model. Calculations show that the magnitude of shell effects in the emission of particles changes with the neutron-to-proton ratio N/Z of these fissioning nuclei, and this change is affected significantly by the spin and excitation energy of the system. It is shown that high angular momentum enhances the dependence of shell effects on the N/Z while high excitation energy weakens such a dependence.     

Probing Shell Correction at High Spin by Neutron Emission of Doubly Magic Nuclei 208pb and 132Sn

Shell effects in particle emission for two doubly magic nuclei 132 Sn and 208 Pb were studied in the framework of Smoluchowski equation taking into account temperature and spin-dependent shell correction. It is shown that the shell effects in the enission of pre-scission neutrons are sensitive to the spin dependence of the shell correction at a moderate excitation energy. Therefore, we propose to use neutron multiplicity as an observable to probe the shell correction at high spins.     

Behavior of the giant-dipole resonance in 120Sn and 208Pb at high excitation energy

The properties of the giant-dipole resonance (GDR) are calculated as a function of excitation energy, angular momentum, and the compound nucleus particle decay width in the nuclei ¹²⁰Sn and ²⁰⁸Pb, and are compared with recent experimental data. Differences observed in the behavior of the full-width-at-half-maximum of the GDR for ¹²⁰Sn and ²⁰⁸Pb are attributed to the fact that shell corrections in ²⁰⁸Pb are stronger than in ¹²⁰Sn, and favor the spherical shape at low temperatures. The effects shell corrections have on both the free energy and the moments of inertia are discussed in detail. At high temperature, the FWHM in ¹²⁰Sn exhibits effects due to the evaporation width of the compound nucleus, while these effects are predicted for ²⁰⁸Pb.     

Probing Shell Correction at High Spin by Neutron Emission of Doubly Magic Nuclei 208Pb and 132Sn

Shell effects in particle emission for two doubly magic nuclei ^132Sn and ^208pb were studied in the framework of Smoluchowski equation taking into account temperature and spin-dependent shell correction. It is shown that the shelle ffects in the emission of pre-scission neutrons are sensitive to the spin dependence of the shell correction at a moderate excitation energy. Therefore, we propose to use neutron multiplicity as an observable to probe the shell correction at high spins.     

Influence of Shell on Pre-scission Particle Emission of a Doubly Magic Nucleus 208Pb

Using Smoluchowski equation, we study the shell effects on the emission of light particles in the fission process of a doubly magic nucleus ²⁰⁸Pb. Calculated results show that shell has a considerable effect on the neutron emission and that shell effect gradually becomes weak with increasing excitation energy. In addition, a dependence of shell effects in the neutron emission on the angular momentum has been found.     

角动量对断前粒子发射壳效应的影响

用Smoluchowski方程研究了角动量对一个轻的闭壳核¹³²Sn裂变前粒子蒸发壳效应的影响,发现壳对断前粒子发射的影响敏感地依赖于这个裂变系统的角动量.对可能的原因进行了讨论     

Influence of Angular Momentum on Shell Effects of Pre-scission Particle Emission of a Light Closed Shell Nucleus 132Sn

Based on the Smoluchowski equations, we study the influence of angular momentum on the shell effects of pre-scission particle emission for a light closed shell nucleus ¹³²Sn. It has been found that the shell effects of pre-scission particle multiplicity depends on the angular momentum in a complicated way. Possible reasons are discussed.