Notes on sectionally complemented lattices. III

Summary In a recent survey article, G. Grätzer and E. T. Schmidt raise the problem when is the ideal lattice of a sectionally complemented chopped lattice sectionally complemented. The only general result is a 1999 lemma of theirs, stating that if the finite chopped lattice is the union of two ideals that intersect in a two-element ideal U, then the ideal lattice of M is sectionally complemented. In this paper, we present examples showing that in many ways their result is optimal. A typical result is the following: For any finite sectionally complemented lattice U with more than two elements, there exists a finite sectionally complemented chopped lattice M that is (i) the union of two ideals intersecting in the ideal U; (ii) the ideal lattice of M is not sectionally complemented.     

Dini-Verbände mit fast gut frisiertem Dualkegel

Summary We prove a theorem which is a generalisation of a theorem due to Goullet de Rugy: LetE be a locally convex vector lattice such that the structure spaces of the principal ideals ofE are universally measurable in their Stone-ech-compactifications respectively. Then, ifE is infrabarrelled or its topology is finer than the topology of compact convergence,E is a Dini lattice iffE ₊ is nearly well-capped.     

Cycles of Spatial Discretizations of Shadowing Dynamical Systems

Let H(B,α) be the JBW^*-algebra of elements of a continuous W^*-algebra B invariant under the ^*-anti-automorphism α of B of order two. Then the mapping I → I ∩ H(B, α) is an order isomorphism from the complete lattice of α-invariant weak^* closed inner ideals in B onto the complete lattice of weak^* closed inner ideals in H(B, α), every one of which is of the form eH(B, α) α(e) for some unique projection e in B with α-invariant central support. A corollary of this result completely characterizes the weak^* closed inner ideals in any continuous JBW^*-triple.     

Automorphisms of the lattice of all subalgebras of the semiring of polynomials in one variable

In this paper, we describe automorphisms of the lattice $ {\mathbb A} $ of all subalgebras of the semiring ?⁺[x] of polynomials in one variable over the semifield ?⁺ of nonnegative real numbers. It is proved that any automorphism of the lattice A is generated by an automorphism of the semiring ?⁺[x] that is induced by a substitution x ? px for some positive real number p. It follows that the automorphism group of the lattice $ {\mathbb A} $ is isomorphic to the group of all positive real numbers with multiplication. A technique of unigenerated subalgebras is applied.     

分次环的Smash积A#G*与单位分量Ae理想间的对应

本文对任意群G上的任意分次环A,建立了Smash积A#G^*和单位分量A_e理想间的对应关系,并运用所建立的对应关系研究分次环的Smash积A#G^*和A_e的半素性,素性和单性.     

Locally (-1,1) Rings

If M is a finitely-generated module over a commutative noetherian ring, then it is well-known that the ideal-theoretic assassin and the ideal-theoretic support of M satisfy the following two conditions: (CD supp(M) and ass(M) have the same minimal elements ; (C2) supp(M) has only finitely-many minimal elements. The purpose of this note is to consider a sufficient condition on a noncommutative ring, generalizing the commutative case, for analogous results to hold for the torsion-theoretic assassin and the torsion-theore-tic support of suitable left R-modules M. Since the order in the lattice of torsion theories over the category R-mod of left R-modules is the reverse of the order in the lattice of left ideals of R, we would expect to substitute “maximal” for “minimal” in the above conditions. Also, noetherianness should be replaced by its torsion-theoretic counterpart, semi-noetherianness.     

Binomial arithmetical rank of lattice ideals

 In this paper, we will show that a lattice ideal is a complete intersection if and only if its binomial arithmetical rank equals its height, if the characteristic of the base field k is zero. And we will give the condition that a binomial ideal equals a lattice ideal up to radical in the case of char k=0. Further, we will study the upper bound of the binomial arithmetical rank of lattice ideals and give a sharp bound for the lattice ideals of codimension two. Received: 12 June 2001 / Revised version: 22 July 2002     

On lattice points in polyhedral cross-sections

(a) We prove that the convex hull of anyk ^d +1 points of ad-dimensional lattice containsk+1 collinear lattice points. (b) For a convex polyhedron we consider the numbers of its lattice points in consecutive parallel lattice hyperplanes (levels). We prove that if a polyhedron spans no more than 2 ^d−1 levels, then this string of numbers may be arbitrary. On the other hand, we give an example of a string of 2 ^d−1+1 numbers to which no convex polyhedron corresponds inR ^d .     

与I-超滤相关的基数不变量

我们对自然数ω上的每一个理想I引入了一个新的基数不变量non^**(I). 我们证明相应的I-超滤的兼纳存在性可以用non^**(I)与连续统c的等式来刻画. 具体地, 我们有如下的结果:(1) 如果non^**(I)=c, 那么任何一个由小于c个集合生成的滤子都包含在某个I-超滤中.(2) 存在一个滤子刚好可以由non^**(I)个集合生成, 但不包含在任何一个I-超滤中.(3) 任何一个由小于non^**(I)个集合生成的超滤一定是I-超滤.以上的结果是相应的P-点和Ramsey超滤的经典结论的一个推广. 我们将对一些具体的理想, 确定non^**(I)的大小, 具体地, 我们得到了non^**(Fin×Fin)=∂, non^**(εD)=cov(M)以及对不满足Fin-BW性质的理想I, 都有non^**(I)>∂.     

Embedding a polytope in a lattice

We present a special similarity ofR ⁴ⁿ which maps lattice points into lattice points. Applying this similarity, we prove that if a (4n−1)-polytope is similar to a lattice polytope (a polytope whose vertices are all lattice points) inR ⁴ⁿ , then it is similar to a lattice polytope inR ⁴ⁿ⁻¹, generalizing a result of Schoenberg [4]. We also prove that ann-polytope is similar to a lattice polytope in someR ^N if and only if it is similar to a lattice polytope inR ²ⁿ⁺¹, and if and only if sin²(<ABC) is rational for any three verticesA, B, C of the polytope.     

When is a Sum of Annihilator Ideals an Annihilator Ideal?

We call a ring R a right SA-ring if for any ideals I and J of R there is an ideal K of R such that r(I) + r(J) = r(K). This class of rings is exactly the class of rings for which the lattice of right annihilator ideals is a sublattice of the lattice of ideals. The class of right SA-rings includes all quasi-Baer (hence all Baer) rings and all right IN-rings (hence all right selfinjective rings). This class is closed under direct products, full and upper triangular matrix rings, certain polynomial rings, and two-sided rings of quotients. The right SA-ring property is a Morita invariant. For a semiprime ring R, it is shown that R is a right SA-ring if and only if R is a quasi-Baer ring if and only if r(I) + r(J) = r(I ∩ J) for all ideals I and J of R if and only if Spec(R) is extremally disconnected. Examples are provided to illustrate and delimit our results.     

Uniserial modules: sums and isomorphisms of subquotients

Let R be an associative ring with 1. A left R module M is uniserial i f the lattice L(M) of its submodules is totally ordered under inclusion. We give an example of a uniserial module M with the property of having two submodules 0 < H < K < M such that M is isomorphic to K/H (we call a module M with this property shrinkable). Then we give an example of a uniserial module M isomorphic to all its nonzero quotients M/N, N<M, and with L(M) isomorphic to ω²+1; this solves a problem of Hirano and Mogami [7]. Finally we show that for uniserial modules the property of being shrinkable is connected to the problem of deciding whether a module, which is both a homomorphic image of a finite direct sum of uniserial modules and a submodule of a finite direct sum of uniserial modules, is a finite direct sum of uniserial modules     

Closed ideals in Dirichlet spaces

It is shown that the closed lattice ideals of Dirichlet spaces and of the Sobolev spacesW ^1,p are those subspaces which consist of all functions which vanish on a prescribed set.     

On the A. M. Bikchentaev conjecture

In 1998 A. M. Bikchentaev conjectured that for positive ??-measurable operators a and b affiliated with a semifinite von Neumann algebra, the operator b ^1/2 ab ^1/2 is submajorized by the operator ab in the sense of Hardy-Littlewood. We prove this conjecture in its full generality and obtain a number of consequences for operator ideals, Golden-Thompson inequalities, and singular traces.     

Two-Sided Closed Ideals of Certain Algebras of Unbounded Operators

This paper investigates the two-sided uniformly closed ideals of the maximal Op*-algebra L⁺(D) of (bounded or unbounded) operators on a dense domain D in a HILBERT space. It is assumed that D is a FRECHET space with respect to the graph topology. The set of all non-trivial two-sided closed ideals of L⁺(D) is well-ordered by inclusion and the α-th closed ideal ??_α is generated by the orthogonal projections onto HILBERTian subspaces of D of dimension less then ??_α. An element A in L⁺(D) belongs to the minimal closed ideal ??₀ if and only if the following two equivalent conditions are satisfied: a) A maps bounded subsets of D into relatively compact sets. b) A maps weakly convergent sequences in D into convergent sequences.     

The dimension monoid of a lattice

We introduce the dimension monoid of a lattice L, denoted by Dim L. The monoid Dim L is commutative and conical, the latter meaning that the sum of any two nonzero elements is nonzero. Furthermore, Dim L is given along with the dimension map, D\Delta from L2L to Dim L, which has the intuitive meaning of a distance function. The maximal semilattice quotient of Dim L is isomorphic to the semilattice Con_c L of compact congruences of L; hence Dim L is a precursor of the congruence lattice of L. Here are some additional features of this construction: ¶¶ (1) Our dimension theory provides a generalization to all lattices of the von Neumann dimension theory of continuous geometries. In particular, if L is an irreducible continuous geometry, then Dim L is either isomorphic to \Bbb Z⁺\Bbb Z^+ or to \Bbb R⁺\Bbb R^+.¶ (2) If L has no infinite bounded chains, then Dim L embeds (as an ordered monoid) into a power of \Bbb Z⁺è{￥}.{\Bbb Z}^{+}\cup \{\infty\}.¶ (3) If L is modular or if L has no infinite bounded chains, then Dim L is a refinement monoid.¶ (4) If L is a simple geometric lattice, then Dim L is isomorphic to \Bbb Z⁺\Bbb Z^+, if L is modular, and to the two-element semilattice, otherwise.¶ (5) If L is an à₀\aleph_0-meet-continuous complemented modular lattice, then both Dim L and the dimension function D\Delta satisfy (countable) completeness properties.¶¶ If R is a von Neumann regular ring and if L is the lattice of principal right ideals of the matrix ring M₂ (R), then Dim L is isomorphic to the monoid V (R) of isomorphism classes of finitely generated projective right R-modules. Hence the dimension theory of lattices provides a wide lattice-theoretical generalization of nonstable K-theory of regular rings.     

Über die zentrale Picard-Gruppe und die Einheiten lokaler Quaternionenordnungen

Let M be any order of a quaternion algebra Q over a local field F. The group M^x of units and the central Picard group Picent (M) of M are investigated. The group index (L^x:M^x) and, if F is of characteristic 2, also the norms of all primitive ideals of M and the order of Picent (M) are determined explicitly, where L denotes any maximal order of Q containing M. Applications of these results to local densities of ternary quadratic forms and to class numbers and type numbers of global quaternion orders are indicated.     

Primitive lattice points in rational ellipses and related arithmetic functions

Assuming the Riemann Hypothesis to be true, an asymptotic with a sharp error term is established for the number of primitive lattice points inside a rational ellipseau ²+buv+cv ²x (a, b, c integers,b ²–4ac<0). A generalization of the result is given applying (as an example) to counting functions of Pythagorean triangles.