不同Mn源对Li1+xMn2-xO4尖晶石正极材料的电化学性能的影响

以Li2CO3为Mn源,采用醇水混合溶剂分散与中温固相反应法考察了Mn(NO3)2@6H2O,Mn(MeCO2)2@4H2O,MnCO3,化学MnO2(CMD)和电解MnO2(EMD)等不同Mn前驱物对制备Li1+xMn2-xO4尖晶石正极材料的电化学性能的影响,并采用XRD,BET,TEM等手段对材料进行了表征.结果表明,由不同Mn前驱物制备的正极材料均呈尖晶石结构,其容量大小和循环性能(依Mn源为顺序)为EMD＞Mn(NO3)2@6H2O＞MnCO3＞Mn(MeCO)2@4H2O＞CMD.材料呈立方晶体,比表面积(依Mn源为顺序)为CMD＞MnCO3＞Mn(NO3)2@6H2OMn(MeCO2)2@4H2O＞EMD,正好与容量及稳定性顺序相反.采用本文的制备方法时,EMD和Mn(NO3)2@6H2O都是较好的Mn前驱物,Mn(MeCO2)2@4H2O和MnCO3也可以做Mn源,但焙烧时需要富氧气氛,CMD不适宜作Mn前驱物.     

Advances in the Cathode Materials for Lithium Rechargeable Batteries

The accelerating development of technologies requires a significant energy consumption, and consequently the demand for advanced energy storage devices is increasing at a high rate. In the last two decades, lithium‐ion batteries have been the most robust technology, supplying high energy and power density. Improving cathode materials is one of the ways to satisfy the need for even better batteries. Therefore developing new types of positive electrode materials by increasing cell voltage and capacity with stability is the best way towards the next‐generation Li rechargeable batteries. To achieve this goal, understanding the principles of the materials and recognizing the problems confronting the state‐of‐the‐art cathode materials are essential prerequisites. This Review presents various high‐energy cathode materials which can be used to build next‐generation lithium‐ion batteries. It includes nickel and lithium‐rich layered oxide materials, high voltage spinel oxides, polyanion, cation disordered rock‐salt oxides and conversion materials. Particular emphasis is given to the general reaction and degradation mechanisms during the operation as well as the main challenges and strategies to overcome the drawbacks of these materials.     

LiAl_yNi_(1-y)O_2作为锂离子电池正极材料的研究

本文采用固相反应法合成了一系列不同 y值的LiAlyNi1- yO2 材料 ,通过对其电化学性能的研究发现 ,在适当的烧结条件下 ,LixAl0 .2 5 Ni0 .75 O2 作为二次锂离子电池的正极材料 ,其耐过充性和循环性能都有明显改善 .当Li含量大于 1时 ,在高电位范围充放 (3- 4 .8V) 30次循环后仍保持着首次放电容量的 95 % ,而LiNiO2 在此电压范围内经 2 0次循环后却只有首次放电容量的 5 6 % .通过循环伏安实验表明 :性能改善的主要原因可能是由于充电过程中 ,Al3+ 的掺杂阻止了LixAl0 .2 5Ni0 .75 O2 随Li+ 离子过量脱出而发生晶型转变 .     

氮掺杂硅酸亚铁锂正极材料的制备及电化学性能

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了氮掺杂的硅酸亚铁锂正极材料.通过X射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、X射线光电子能谱（XPS）、充放电测试和交流阻抗测试（EIS）等对材料的结构及电化学性能进行了表征.结果表明,N元素已掺杂到Li₂FeSiO₄材料晶格中,样品具有较小的颗粒尺寸和优异的动力学性能,表现出较好的充放电比容量和倍率特性,首次放电比容量为130 mA·h/g,循环50次后比容量仍可达到124 mA·h/g,容量保持率高达95%.     

锂离子电池阴极材料Li1＋xMn2O4的水热合成及表征

以化学MnO2(CMD)为Mn源,LiNO3和LiOH·H2O分别为Li源,采用无机水热合成法合成了锂离子二次电池的阴极材料Li1+xMn2O4(0≤x<1),并采用XRD,BET,TEM,TGA和电化学测试等手段对材料进行了表征。结果表明,在240℃水热晶化72h所得样品为棕红色,主要以γ-Mn2O3和层状LiMnO2形式存在。当Li/Mn摩尔比为1∶1时,其首次充电比容量达到205.35mAh/g,首次放电比容量达到178.80mAh/g。样品经650℃空气中焙烧6h后转变成以Li1+xMn2O4尖晶石型形式存在,其首次放电比容量下降到110mAh/g～120mAh/g。     

氨基蒽醌衍生物的合成及其用作锂电池正极材料的电化学性能

合成了两种新型的有机正极材料——5-氨基-2,3-二氢-1,4-二羟基蒽醌(ADDAQ)和5-氨基-1,4-二羟基蒽醌(ADAQ),用核磁氢谱(1H-NMR)、质谱(MS)、元素分析(EA)、傅里叶红外(FTIR)光谱、紫外-可见(UV-Vis)光谱等方法对材料进行了表征,应用恒流充放电(GD/C)、循环伏安法(CV)、交流阻抗(EIS)等测试手段对材料的电化学性能进行了测试.实验结果表明:相比ADDAQ,ADAQ首次放电容量和循环性能都有显著提高.ADAQ的首次放电比容量为185mAh·g-1,50次循环之后容量为93mAh·g-1.并讨论了ADDAQ和ADAQ电化学性能差异的原因.     

柠檬酸络合法合成锂离子电池正极材料

90年代初,Sony技术能源公司首先使LiCoO2/C锂离子"摇椅"蓄电池[1]商品化.但由于Co价格较贵,生产成本高以及污染环境缺缺点,限制了Co的使用.     

锂电池正极材料FeS2

本文介绍了锂电池正极材料FeS2的晶体结构和电化学特性,综述了近年来锂电池正极材料FeS2的研究进展.重点叙述了天然FeS2的改性和人工合成FeS2的研究成果.在综述各方面进展的基础上指出了现阶段研究工作中存在的问题,并结合作者所在研究小组的工作对FeS2材料未来的研究方向进行了展望.     

磷酸锂原位包覆富锂锰基锂离子电池正极材料

本工作通过“碳酸盐共沉淀-沉淀转化-固相反应”方法,实现磷酸锂原位包覆和改性富锂锰基锂离子电池正极材料Li_1.2Mn_0.54Co_0.13Ni_0.13O₂,研究了磷酸锂包覆层的形成过程及其对电化学性能的影响.结果显示,碳酸盐前驱体经沉淀转化反应原位形成磷酸镍包覆层,与锂源混合煅烧,最终转化为厚度小于30 nm的磷酸锂包覆层.该材料组装的半电池在125 mAh·g^-1电流密度下循环175圈后容量达191.1 mAh·g^-1,容量保持率为81.8%,平均每圈电压衰减仅为1.09 mV.磷酸锂包覆层缓解了材料表面与电解液之间的副反应,抑制了不可逆相变和过渡金属溶出,同时磷酸锂作为锂离子导体促进锂离子传输.本工作表明沉淀转化法原位包覆磷酸锂是提升富锂锰基正极材料性能的有效途径.     

硫化聚合物锂离子电池正极材料的研究进展

用单质硫对聚合物进行硫化,可以制备具有电化学活性的导电高分子材料.这些材料用作锂离子电池正极活性材料,可获得较高的比容量.综述了聚二乙基硅氧烷、聚乙烯、聚乙炔、聚苯乙烯、聚丙烯腈等聚合物通过单质硫在200～360℃下硫化所制得的导电高分子材料的电化学特性.     

溶胶凝胶法合成锂离子电池正极材料LiMn2O4

应用溶胶法由CH3COOL i.2H2O、Mn(CH3COO)2和已二酸制备含锂、锰的干凝胶,经高温焙烧制得尖晶石锰酸锂L iMn2O4.XRD分析显示,该尖晶石样品的结晶度随焙烧温度而升高,容量同时增加,但如超过800℃,则循环性能变差.延长焙烧时间,容量呈先增后降趋势.优化后的焙烧条件为750℃、20 h.以此制备的L iMn2O4初始放电容量为130 mAh.g-1,经过15次循环后仍达125 mAh.g-1.     

Studies on Synthesis and Electrochemical Performance of Li1+δNi1-xCoxO2-yFy Cathode Materials for Lithium-ion Rechargeable Batteries

It is a technological problem of LiNiO2 cathode material for lithium-ion secondary batteries because of the difficult preparation and hard purification, instable performance, remarkable capacity fading at initial discharge, worse thermal stability and safety of Ni-series cathode materials,and it is also the key factor of hindering LiNiO2 cathode material from practical applications.Recently, by doping some metal cations such as Co, Mn, Mg, Al, Cr and so on[1-5] into LiNiO2, the preparation difficulty and the purification hardness can be obviously improved, and the initial irreversible discharge capacity can be reduced, and the ratio of the initial discharge to charge capacity can be enhanced. But the cyclic stability, thermal stability and safety of LiNiO2 are not enough to satisfy the demand of commercial use.At present, the synthesis of LiNiO2 cathode material must be sintered under oxygen atmosphere in most cases, and the improved effect of fluoride doping on the electrochemical properties of LiNiO2 has seldom been reported in the literatures.In this paper, the cobalt cation and fluorine anion co-doping cathode materials Li1+δNi1-xCoxO2-yFy( 0≤δ≤0.2, 0≤x≤0.5, 0≤y≤0.1 ) were synthesized by solid state reaction method at 650℃ ～750℃ under air atmosphere, and characterized by XRD、 SEM、 TEM、 BET、 laser particle-size distribution measurement and electrochemical performance testing, the effect of different nickel sources on the properties of as-synthesized cathode materials was investigated. The results demonstrated that the cobalt and fluorine ions co-doping cathode materials Li1+δNi1-xCoxO2-yFy have complete layered structure, uniform surface morphology and better particle-size distribution as well as excellent electrochemical performances. At 20～25℃, 0.15～0.25mA charge and discharge current,4.25～2.70V cut-off voltage, 0.2～0.5C charge and discharge rate and 0.2～0.5 mA/cm2 current density,LiNi0.8Co0.2O1.95F0.05 cathode material has higher initial charge and discharge capacity and better cyclic properties which can be mainly attributed to the doping of the higher electronegativity fluorine which improves the structural stability and the synergistic reaction of cobalt and fluorine ions co-doping on the cathode materials. Under the above conditions, the initial charge and discharge capacity of LiNi0.8Co0.2O1.95F0.05 is 165.70mAh/g and 146.10mAh/g, respectively. After 50 cycles, it has more than 140mAh/g of discharge capacity and displays preliminary application possibility in the future.     

锂离子电池正极材料Li2FeSiO4/C的冻干干燥法制备及电化学性质

通过冻干干燥法辅助制备了分布均匀的纳米Li₂FeSiO₄材料.通过X射线衍射（XRD）、拉曼光谱（Raman）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、N₂吸附-脱附、循环伏安（CV）和充放电测试等手段对材料的结构及电化学性能进行了表征.结果表明,冻干法处理后得到的Li₂FeSiO₄材料颗粒尺寸更小,能够缩短锂离子的扩散距离;同时较大的比表面积可以使材料与电解液接触更加充分.在1.5~4.8 V电压范围内,与采用传统烘干干燥法制备的材料相比,采用冻干法制备的材料表现出更高的可逆比容量,并具有良好的倍率性能和循环稳定性.     

电解法制备锂离子电池正极材料LiCOxNi1-xO2

合金;电解法制备锂离子电池正极材料LiCOxNi1-xO2     

Sc3+ 掺杂的尖晶石型LiMn2 O4 正极材料制备及性质

A series of Sc3+-doped spinel lithium manganese oxides Li1+xScyMn2-yO4（y=0.01, 0.02, 0.06, and 0.10）were synthesized by solid state reaction using LiOH·H2O, MnO2, and Sc2O3 as starting materials. The results of powder X-ray diffraction indicated that the doped Li1+xScyMn2-yO4 maintain the cubic structure of spinel phase Fd3m. The electrochemical properties were characterized by electrochemical methods. The initial discharge capacity reached 135 mAh/g and the capacity fading rate was less than 2% after 40 cycles. The spinel phase was well preserved after 40 cycles. The doping of Sc3+ effectively improved the cycleability of spinels, and was a promising way for the improvement of spinel LiMn2O4 cathode materials.     

球形尖晶石LiMn2O4掺杂钇的性能研究

利用控制结晶方法, 在前驱体碳酸锰中共沉淀掺杂适量的钇, 得到球形掺杂钇的碳酸锰, 在540 ℃预烧后, 与锂盐一起焙烧, 可以得到高活性的掺钇球形尖晶石LiMn₂O₄. XRD分析表明, 产物中无杂相产生. 研究表明, 掺杂钇与掺杂其它金属离子的特性不一样, 钇具有催化特性, 掺杂钇可以提高尖晶石LiMn₂O₄中锰的活性. 掺钇使得更多的Mn^3＋参加电化学反应, 增加容量; 但同时也使更多的锰与电解液反应, 造成锰的溶解, 容量损失. 掺钇量越多, 锰的溶解量越大. 因此, 合适的掺杂量对于保证产品良好的电化学性能至关重要. 实验证明, 掺钇0.5%的产品Li(Y_0.005Mn_0.995)₂O₄具有较好的电化学性能. 其常温初始比容量为130 mAh•g^－1, 大于纯相的锰酸锂的125 mAh•g^－1, 100次循环后比容量为120 mAh•g^－1, 容量保持率为92.3%.     

微波合成法制备锂离子电池正极材料Li2FeSiO4

研究了一种制备锂离子电池正极材料Li2FeSiO4的新方法.采用机械球磨结合微波热处理合成了Li2FeSiO4正极材料.通过XRD、SEM和恒流充放电测试,对样品结构、形貌和电化学性能进行了表征和分析.与传统固相法合成的材料在晶体结构、微观形貌以及充放电性能方面进行了比较.结果表明,微波合成法可以快速制备具有正交结构的Li2FeSiO4材料;在650 ℃时处理12 min,获得了纯度高、晶粒细小均匀的产物,该产物具有较高的放电比容量和良好的循环性能.在60℃下以C/20倍率(电流密度,1C=160mA·g-1)进行充放电,首次放电容量为119.5 mAh·g-1,10次循环后放电容量为116.2 mAh·g-1.与传统高温固相法相比,微波合成法制备的材料具有较高的纯度、均匀的形貌和较好的电化学性能.     

Facile Preparation of CuCo2S4/Cu7.2S4 Nanocomposites as High-Performance Cathode Materials for Rechargeable Magnesium Batteries**

Rechargeable magnesium batteries (RMBs) have been considered a promising energy-storage device due to their high energy density and high safety, but they still suffer from a lack of high-rate performance and cycle performance of the cathode. Nanosized CuCo₂S₄/Cu_7.2S₄ composites have been synthesized for the first time by a facile solvothermal method. Herein, the magnesium ion storage behavior when applied in the cathode for RMBs is discussed. Electrochemical results demonstrated that the CuCo₂S₄/Cu_7.2S₄ composites exhibit a high initial discharge capacity of 256 mAh g⁻¹ at 10 mA g⁻¹ and 123 mAh g⁻¹ at 300 mA g⁻¹ at room temperature and an outstanding long-term cyclic stability over 300 cycles at 300 mA g⁻¹. Furthermore, the electrochemical storage mechanism demonstrated that the storage process of magnesium ion in the CuCo₂S₄/Cu_7.2S₄ cathode is mainly driven by strong pseudocapacitive effects.     

锂离子电池阴极材料LiMn2－xZrxO4的性能表征

采用高温固相法合成了掺杂改性的尖晶石型LiMn2－xZrxO4 (x= 0, 0.01, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08, 0.10)作为锂离子电池阴极材料.通过X射线衍射和环境扫描电镜对材料的晶体结构和形貌进行了表征.从材料的晶体结构、恒流充放电测试和循环性能等方面分析了掺杂元素Zr在改善材料性能中的作用.实验表明,当Zr的掺杂量在x ≤ 0.06时,材料在保持较高容量的同时,循环性能得到了明显改善.其中LiMn1.98Zr0.02O4的性能最佳,50次循环后容量仍在113.8 mA•h•g－1以上.