Electrophoretic Deposition of Hydroxyapatite from Non-aqueous Media

Hydroxyapatite Ca₁₀(PO₄)₆(OH)₂ (HA) is an important material for bone and tooth implants, as its chemical composition is similar to that of bone tissue. Owing to the inferior mechanical properties of HA, significant research activity has been associated with the development of HA coatings and composites. The interest in electrophoresis for biomedical applications steins from a variety of reasons such as the possibility of deposition of stoichiometric, high purity material to a degree not easily achievable by other processing techniques and the possibility of forming coatings and bodies of complex shape^[1]. In this work, the experimental results of a study of electrophoretic deposition of HA powders, performed in isopropyl alcohol or ethanol as a suspension medium, are reported.     

Fabrication and In vitro Bioactivity of Robust Hydroxyapatite Coating on Porous Titanium Implant

Compared witli the traditional dental implant, TixOs■ manufactured by direct laser metal forming(DLMF) technology exhibits improved capability for bone osteointegration due to its porous surface structure, and has achieved remarkable clinical effect. However, like the traditional titanium and other alloyed implants, the porous titanium implant TixOsR also has relatively weak bioactivity. To address this issue, a proper surface modification method may be needed. Hydroxyapatite(HA) has been widely used in implant surface coating for its similar chemical composition to bone tissue and its osteoconductive properties. Thus, combining TixOs■ implants with hydroxyapatite can be an efficient way to enhance their bioactivity. We herewith reported a competent pulsed laser deposition(PLD) method of coating nano-sized HA thin film onto the porous TixOs■ implant. The HA coatings were characterized by means of scanning electron microscopy(SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) and focused ion beam(FIB) method, and nanocrystal sized thin HA films were identified on the surface of TixOs■ implants. The low cytotoxicity and improved cell proliferation ability of HA coated implants were further tested and verified using MC 3T3 E1 cells with the consideration of the controlling group. Our results show that a stable and bioactive HA tliin film is able to form on the surtace of the porous titanium implant by PLD method.This may benefit the fiirther clinical application of TixOs■ implants.     

Ca-P Conversion Coating on AZ60 Magnesium Alloy for Biomedical Application

To improve the anti-corrosion behaviors of magnesium alloy in the inner environment of human body,a bioactive Ca-P coating was deposited on the AZ60 magnesium alloy by a novel simple method.The morphologies of the Ca-P coatings formed under different treatment time were studied by scanning electron microscopy（SEM）.The corrosion behaviors of Ca-P coating were investigated by electrochemical polarization test and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy in both 3％（mass fraction） NaCl solution and simulated body fluid（SBF）.Immersion test in SBF was performed to evaluate the corrosion rate of Ca-P coated magnesium alloy.X-Ray diffraction（XRD） analysis result shows that the coating mentioned above mainly consists of dicalcium phosphate dehydrate（CaHPO4·2H2O,DCPD） and β-tricalcium phosphate dehydrate[β-TCP,Ca3（PO4）2],which exhibits good corrosion resistance.After magnesium alloy was immersed in 1 mol/L NaOH solution at 80 ℃ for 2 h,hydroxyapatite [Ca10（PO4）6（OH）2,HA]appeared on the magnesium alloy substrate,which can further decrease the corrosion rate of AZ60 magnesium alloy in SBF.     

HA/CuO/SrCO3梯度复合涂层的制备及体外生物活性

在羟基磷灰石(HA)悬浮液中, 以正丁醇为分散介质, 三乙醇胺为乳化剂, 成骨微量元素化合物CuO 和SrCO₃作为添加剂, Ti片为基材, 壳聚糖(CS)为造孔剂, 依次通过区带电泳分布并在反向电场作用下电 泳沉积, 得到HA/CS/CuO/SrCO₃复合涂层, 经700 ℃高温煅烧2 h后, 制得HA/CuO/SrCO₃复合涂层. 通过X射线衍射(XRD)、 傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、 场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)、 能量色散光谱仪(EDS)、 劳埃德万能材料试验机、 电化学工作站、 模拟体液培养和抑菌实验等手段对复合涂层进行测试与表征. 结果表明, Ca, Cu和Sr 元素含量在HA/CuO/SrCO₃复合涂层的径向上均呈现梯度分布; 复合涂层与钛基材的结合强度达33.0 MPa; 循环伏安(CV)曲线和Tafel极化曲线测试表明, 复合涂层在N-2-羟乙基哌嗪-N′-2-乙磺酸(HEPES)模拟体液(H-SBF)中电化学性能稳定, 耐腐蚀性较强; 在H-SBF中培养24 d后, 复合涂层表面完全碳磷灰石化; 抑菌实验发现, 复合涂层粉末对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌率分别为81.82%和71.86%.     

有机碳源对LiTi2(PO4)3/C复合水系负极性能的影响

采用喷雾干燥与高温煅烧相结合的方法制备了球形LiTi₂(PO₄)₃/C复合水系负极材料, 探讨了基于不同包覆机制的有机碳源和碳包覆量对LiTi₂(PO₄)₃/C复合负极电化学性能的影响. 结果表明, 碳包覆量过低时不足以阻止水的侵蚀, 而碳含量过高时锂离子扩散的阻力过大, 磷酸钛锂电极最优碳包覆质量分数为13%. 碳包覆的均匀性和包覆层厚度是影响电极性能的两个重要因素. 基于原位聚合包覆机制的聚多巴胺包覆磷酸钛锂颗粒最均匀, 碳化后微晶结构较好, 具有良好的电子导电性, 以聚多巴胺为碳源制备的LiTi₂(PO₄)₃/C复合负极性能最优.     

FLPs催化烯胺还原活性研究及反应机理探讨

对不同的路易斯碱、 不同取代的氢化硅烷以及不同结构的烯胺进行了研究. 结果表明, 无论在何种光照条件下, 硅氢化反应都不是主要反应; 根据用氘代硅烷试剂对反应机理进行相应的同位素效应研究结果推测, 反应按照自由基机理进行的可能性最为合理. 本文研究结果对探索受限路易斯酸碱对(FLPs)体系的催化方式及进一步拓宽其应用领域具有重要意义.     

钛基多孔HA/SiO2复合涂层的制备及性能研究

为了制得表面多孔且与基材结合强度高的羟基磷灰石(HA)涂层,实验中以正丁醇为分散介质,以SiO2粉末为添加剂,纯钛片为基材,电泳沉积制备羟基磷灰石/二氧化硅/壳聚糖/(HA/SiO2/CS)复合涂层,经后续热处理得到多孔HA/SiO2复合涂层,采用扫描电镜(SEM)、傅立叶红外光谱仪(FT-IR)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、万能材料试验机对涂层的表面形貌、组成、结构和结合强度进行测试和表征,并通过模拟体液(SBF)浸泡法对复合涂层的生物活性进行评价.结果表明:当悬浮液中的HA/SiO2/CS质量比为1∶1∶1时,制得的HA/SiO2/CS涂层经700℃热处理后获得的HA/SiO2复合涂层孔洞分布均匀,大孔孔径在10～15μm,小孔孔径在1～5μm;涂层与基材的结合强度达到25.5 MPa;多孔HA/SiO2复合涂层在SBF中浸泡7 d后,涂层表面碳磷灰石化;说明实验中添加SiO2所制得的多孔HA/SiO2复合涂层与钛基材结合强度高,且具有良好的生物活性.     

造孔剂对电泳沉积制备多孔HA涂层及其生物活性的影响

采用水热法制得的羟基磷灰石(HA)纳米粉体,分别与造孔剂葡萄糖(Glu)、壳聚糖(CS)、炭粉(C)3种微粒(＜38.5 μm)配置成质量比1∶1的悬浮液,电泳沉积 烧结制备钛基多孔HA涂层,并对制得的3种多孔HA涂层在模拟体液浸泡前后的表面形貌、化学组成及物相变化进行表征。 结果表明,经700 ℃烧结处理后制得的3种多孔HA涂层在1.5倍人体模拟体液中浸泡5 d后,多孔HA涂层表面均被层状生长的碳磷灰石颗粒完全覆盖,颗粒直径在5~25 μm,说明这些多孔HA涂层均具有良好的生物活性。 其中以CS为造孔剂制得的多孔HA涂层结合强度最高,达19.5 MPa,有望开发成为新型的人骨植入生物陶瓷材料。     

In vivo degradation behavior of Ca-deficient hydroxyapatite coated Mg-Zn-Ca alloy for bone implant application

In present paper, an in vivo study was carried out on uncoated and calcium-deficient hydroxyapatite (Ca-def HA) coated Mg-Zn-Ca alloy to investigate the effect of Ca-def HA coating on the degradation behavior and bone response of magnesium substrate. Magnesium alloy rods were implanted into rabbit femora and evaluated during 24 weeks implantation. The characterization of both implants indicates that in vivo degradation of the Ca-def HA coating and magnesium substrate occurs almost simultaneously, and in vivo valid life of the coating is about 8 weeks, after that the degradation rate of the coated implants increases obviously. The main reasons for the Ca-def HA coating degradation can be attributed to its reaction with body fluid and the substitution of Mg²⁺ ions in Ca-def HA. Histopathological examinations show that the Ca-def HA coating has good osteoconductivity and is in favor of the formation of more new bone on the surface of magnesium alloy. So the Ca-def HA coating could not only slow down in vivo degradation of magnesium alloy but also improve its bone response.     

Extraction of Ni(II) by n-dodecanoic acid dissolved in toluene

The extraction of Ni(II) from nitrate medium of ionic strength 2.0 mol · dm⁻³ by n-dodecanoic acid (HA) dissolved in toluene has been studied at 293 K. Distribution measurements of the metal ion in a wide range of pH and carboxylic acid concentration have been performed. Experimental data, treated by different graphical methods as well as numerically by the LETAGROP-DISTR program, have been explained assuming the presence in the organic phase of the species NiA₂, NiA₂(HA)₂, [NiA₂(HA)₂]₂ and [NiA₂(HA)₂]₃. Equilibrium constants for the different extraction reactions are given.     

Filling of antibonding orbitals—II Chemical bond properties

Antibonding effects, which accompany double-bonding in saturated compounds, account for many chemical bond lengths which are anomalous on the basis of electronegativity. Double-bonding influences the Pauling Electronegativity values of N, O, F, Al and Si and also widens the interbond angles in molecules such as (CH₃)₃N, (CF₃)₃N, (CH₃)₂O and (CF₃)₂O.     

The valence structure analysis for dirhodium(II) tetracarboxylato complexes with nitric oxide as axial ligand

Density functional theory has been used to study the trans-influence of Rh–Rh and Rh–L bonds in dirhodium(II) tetracarboxylates with axial ligands L=H₂O, pyridine, CO, triphenylphosphine, NO and NO₂. The absence of the chemical bond between metal atoms in Rh₂(μ-O₂CR)₄(NO)₂ complexes and the formation of two covalent Rh–NO bonds explain the very long Rh–Rh and very short Rh–N distances in these compounds.     

Nitrogen-doped Carbon Coated Na3V2(PO4)3 with Superior Sodium Storage Capability

Cathodes with high cycling stability and rate capability are required for ambient temperature sodium ion batteries in renewable energy storage application. Na₃V₂(PO₄)₃ is an attractive cathode material with excellent electrochemical stability and fast ion diffusion coefficient within the 3D NASICON structure. Nevertheless, the practical application of Na₃V₂(PO₄)₃ is seriously hindered by its intrinsically poor electronic conductivity. Herein, solvent evaporation method is presented to obtain the nitrogen-doped carbon coated Na₃V₂(PO₄)₃ cathode material, delivering enhanced electrochemical performances. N-Doped carbon layer coating serves as a highly conducting pathway, and creates numerous extrinsic defects and active sites, which can facilitate the storage and diffusion of Na⁺. Moreover, the N-doped carbon layer can provide a stable framework to accommodate the agglomeration of the electrode upon electrode cycling. N-Doped carbon coated Na₃V₂(PO₄)₃(NC-NVP) exhibits excellent long cycling life and superior rate performances than bare Na₃V₂(PO₄)₃ without carbon coating. NC-NVP delivers a stable capacity of 95.9 mA·h/g after 500 cycles at 1 C rate, which corresponds to high capacity retention(94.6%) with respect to the initial capacity(101.4 mA·h/g). Over 91.3% of the initial capacity is retained after 500 cycles at 5 C, and the capacity can reach 85 mA·h/g at 30 C rate.     

ALD-Al2O3涂层保护的高抗湿5-氨基戊酸铰链甲胺铅溴钙钛矿薄膜

近年来,混合铅卤钙钛矿材料在光电领域引发的研究热潮引人注目。然而,钙钛矿材料对水和氧气的敏感性严重的阻碍了其实用化进程。在众多的稳定钙钛矿的方法中,利用简单的原子层沉积方法(Atomic layer deposition,ALD)在钙钛矿表面沉积一层保护层的技术具有极大的潜力。而ALD应用的困难在于,在常规的ALD过程中,做为氧源的H2O和O3对铅卤钙钛矿有着腐蚀作用。在本文,我们提出将双官能团的5-氨基戊酸(5-Aminovaleric acid,AVA)引入到CH₃NH₃PbBr₃(MAPbBr₃)钙钛矿晶格层中,形成稳定的铰链结构的2D/3D钙钛矿AVA(MAPbBr₃)2。AVA的引入可以钝化并防止ALD过程中水对钙钛矿的侵蚀,从而成功地直接在钙钛矿表面沉积了Al₂O₃保护层。覆盖了保护层的AVA(MAPbBr₃)2钙钛矿薄膜获得了优异的热稳定性和抗水性。     

高稳定性介孔MgO-ZrO_2固体碱的制备及其高温CO_2吸附性能

以无机盐Zr(NO3)4与Mg(NO3)2为原料,聚氧乙烯-聚氧丙烯-聚氧乙烯嵌段型聚醚(P123)作模板剂,合成了纳米介孔MgO-ZrO2复合材料,并通过XRD、N2吸附-脱附、CO2-TPD、TG等方法对材料进行了表征。结果表明,合成的MgO-ZrO2具有介孔结构,比表面积较大;且材料在反复CO2吸附-脱附应用过程中,能够完全再生。此外,材料具有典型的固溶体结构,Mg2+进入四方相ZrO2晶格中并取代Zr4+,形成了一种特殊碱性位。这种碱性位与基体结合牢固,不易流失。考察了MgO-ZrO2材料在150℃高温下的CO2吸附性能,发现材料具有较高的吸附速率(0.084 mmol/(g.min))和吸附量(1.01 mmol/g),是一种可循环利用的吸附材料。     

碳布负载氢氧化镍电极材料的合成及其电容性能分析——推荐一个综合化学实验

作为超级电容器的电极材料,Ni(OH)₂具有理论比电容高、来源丰富、环境友好等优点,但较低的电导率影响了其实际性能。解决该问题的一种有效方法是在碳布导电基底上原位生长Ni(OH)₂薄膜。以此为基础设计综合化学实验,通过Ni(OH)₂/碳布薄膜电极的制备、表征及电化学性能测试,使学生进一步理解化学平衡原理在材料合成中的应用,了解材料的基本表征方法,掌握循环伏安法、恒流充放电法等电化学分析方法在实际测试中的运用与解析,从而达到巩固电化学理论知识、培养学生的实验技能、提高学生综合实验能力的目的。本实验的开展还可以帮助学生了解储能领域的科技前沿,激发学生的科研兴趣,培养学生的科研创新意识,适合在大学化学实验中推广应用。     

Structural study of Mn2(CO)8[P(NMe2)3]2

An X-ray crystal structure determination for the bimetallic complex Mn₂(CO)₈-[P(NMe₂)₃]₂ reveals that the P(NMe₂)₃ ligands are trans to the Mn---Mn bond and the Mn---Mn bond distance is relatively long, 2.946(1) Å.     

Synthesis of 2-chromanol by hydroformylation of 2-hydroxystyrene derivatives

2-Benzyloxy- and 2-tosyloxystyrene were hydroformylated under different reaction conditions with the aim to obtain the corresponding linear aldehydes, valuable intermediates to 2-chromanol, a structural moiety present in several interesting therapeutically active molecules. The best results were obtained by using the catalytic precursor Pt(Xantphos)Cl₂ in toluene or the water-soluble catalytic system Rh(CO)₂acac/Xantphos(SO₃Na)₂ in the biphasic medium water/toluene. Rather good regioselectivities were also achieved employing the unmodified complex Rh₄(CO)₁₂ at high temperature and low pressure for very short reaction times: unfortunately the chemoselectivity of the process was not satisfactory, due to the extensive formation of the substrate hydrogenation product.     

Synthesis, characterization and potentiometric studies of trans-dioxorhenium(V) complexes. X-ray crystal structure of [ReO2(tn)2]I·H2O

[ReO₂(PPh₃)₂I] has been used as starting material to prepare [Re^vO₂(tn)₂]I (tn = trimethylenediamine) in high yield. The complex was characterized by elemental analysis and spectroscopic methods. The complex [ReO₂(en)₂]I (en = 1,2-diaminoethane) was prepared analogously for comparison. The crystal structure of [ReO₂(tn)₂]I·H₂O was determined from X-ray data. It consists of a six-coordinate rhenium atom bonded to two trans-oxo groups. The amines lie in the equatorial plane, almost perpendicular to the ReO₂ core. The average value for the Re---O bond is 1.76 Å, similar to that in other Re(V) dioxo complexes. The successive protonations of the oxo groups were determined for both complexes.     

New heterodimetallic cyclopentadienyl carbonyl complexes: crystal structure of (C5Me4Et)(μ-CO)3Ru(C5Me5)

A series of heterodimetallic complexes of general formula (C₅R₅)M(μ-CO)₃RuC₅Me₅ (M = Cr, Mo, W; R = Me, Et) has been prepared in good yields by the reaction of [C₅R₅M(CO)₃]⁻ with [C₅Me₅Ru(CH₃CN)₃]⁺. (C₅Me₄Et)W(μ-CO)₃Ru(C₅Me₅) was characterized by a crystal structure determination. The W---Ru bond length of 2.41 Å is consistent with the formulation of a metal-metal triple bond, while the unsymmetrical bonding mode of the three bridging carbonyl groups reflects the inherent non-equivalence of the two different C₅R₅M-units. Using [CpRu(CH₃CN)₃]⁺ or [CpRu(CO)₂(CH₃CN)]⁺ as the cationic precursor leads to the formation of dimetallic species (C₅R₅)M(CO)₅RuC₅H₅ with both bridging and terminal carbonyl groups.