吉林大学应用化学学科:理工兼备 特色发展

吉林大学应用化学学科始建于1986年,依托吉林大学化学学科深厚理论基础与学术优势,经过几代应用化学学科人的不懈努力,逐渐形成了“理工兼备”的学科特色。在吉林大学化学学科70华诞之际,回顾了应用化学学科的发展历程,着重介绍了应用化学学科在本科教学与专业特色、科学研究与平台建设、人才培养与社会服务等3个方面取得的成绩,以及今后发展的设想。     

遗传算法及其在化学化工中的应用

本文介绍了遗传算法的基本概念、工作原理和步骤, 综述了它在化学化工领域的应用。     

Materials‐Based Receptors: Design Principle and Applications

This review focuses on recent developments and growth potential in colorimetric and/or fluorimetric chemosensors based on rationally designed materials and suitable for use in highly selective and sensitive naked‐eye detection of environmental and biological analytes.     

Metal‐Based Transient Micromotors: From Principle to Environmental and Biomedical Applications

Inspired by transient devices, transient self‐destroying micromotors that are propelled by metal–water/acid reactions and autonomously disappear after completing their tasks have emerged as promising tools for diverse applications. Such transient machines require careful selection of the metal matrix and well‐designed architectures for effective propulsion and customized functionality. In particular, recent advances in transient micromotors based on the active metals Zn, Fe, and Mg are introduced here. First, the fundamental design principles of transient micromotors are discussed. Then, their recent progress in environmental and biomedical applications is highlighted.     

小组合作学习在“化学化工专业英语”实践教学活动中存在的问题及解决策略

小组合作学习作为一种主动学习模式被引入到化学化工专业英语课程教学活动中,在具体教学实践中往往存在诸如分组随意、参与度低、分工不明确、缺乏有效评价、流于形式等诸多问题。对采用小组合作学习的班级进行问卷调查并分析统计结果,在此基础上提出合理分组、细致分工、适当指导、及时评价等解决方案,以期对小组合作学习实践教学活动提供相应的理论依据和实践基础。     

Pillararene‐Based Assemblies: Design Principle,Preparation and Applications

In this review, we highlight recent advancements on pillararene‐based assemblies. The driving forces for the formation of the pillararene‐based assemblies are discussed first. The host–guest interactions are deemed as not only general strategy for constructing assemblies but also essential components for preventing the assemblies from the dissociation. Solvent effect is also important in the assembling process, since it could influence the host–guest interactions and provide solvophobic effect on pillararenes for the assembly. Then, several pillararene‐based assembly architectures are introduced, including pillararene‐based interlocked structures, such as (poly)pseudorotaxanes, (poly)rotaxanes, and daisy chains, classified by their topological structures and synthetic strategy. The morphologies of the supramolecular assemblies are divided into several types, for example, nanospheres, nanotubes and supramolecular polymers. Furthermore, the functions and potential applications are summarized accompanied with related assembly structures. The review not only provides fundamental findings, but also foresights future research directions in the research area of pillararene‐based assemblies.     

新工科背景下湖南大学应用化学专业的改革与建设

It is necessary to develop new engineering-directed applied chemistry major on the basis of chemistry major and to remodel the current applied chemistry education according to the concept of emerging engineering. Herein, emendation in 2020 version of applied chemistry education plan and researches on teaching renovations for applied chemistry major in Hunan University is introduced. Through the adjustments of education goals, course systems, teaching contents and teaching models, we wish to highlight the central status of the educations that integrates morality and ability. In addition to the inheritance of the specialty in corrosion and protection, it is expected to further satisfy the need of graduates for the industries such as new materials, new energy, high-tech production, environmental protection, and new generation of information technique. At last, future trends and perspectives in emerging engineering applied chemistry is proposed.     

High-Speed Video Densitometry: Principle and Applications

Abstract

In the past few years, TV-type multichannel detectors/Vidicon-, Plumbicon-and Orthicon tubes etc./ found application in several fields of analytical chemistry/1/. Recently, video-technique was introduced to the densitometric evaluation of thin-layer chromatograms as well/2/; the term ‘video densitometry’ is used in this context.     

以培养应用研究型人才为核心改革普通化学原理实验

介绍了大类招生后,西安交通大学化学教学实验中心针对面向理科平台学生开设的普通化学原理实验进行改革的情况,改革包括更新实验教学内容,采用混合式教学方法,融入课程思政元素和强化过程考核等,加强对学生的环保意识、主动探索意识、科研思维能力及实事求是的科学态度的培养及取得的效果。     

基于动态共价键的自愈性水凝胶及其在医学领域的应用

自愈性水凝胶作为一种新型仿生智能材料受到了科研人员的广泛关注.近年来,人们利用动态共价键、超分子作用,发展了一系列自愈性水凝胶,并将其应用于药物控释、细胞三维培养、组织工程等生物医用领域.本文总结和评述了基于动态共价键的自愈性水凝胶及这些水凝胶作为药物载体的相关研究,并展望了基于动态化学的自愈性水凝胶的未来发展.     

基于新工科理念的应用化学专业创新创业能力培养体系建设

To adapt to the needs of the development of new technology and new business forms, enhance the students' ability of innovation knowledge transformation and innovation and entrepreneurship, and promote the technological development and industrial upgrading of Liaoning Province and fine chemical industry, our university has established an innovation and entrepreneurship training system to meet the requirements of emerging engineering talents training, according to the professional advantages, regional characteristics and the social needs. The orientation of applied chemistry major, personnel training objectives, teaching mode, platform construction, innovation and entrepreneurship education have been systematically designed and comprehensively reformed, and some achievements and experiences have been achieved.     

基于动态化学的自愈性水凝胶及其在生物医用材料中的应用研究展望

自愈性材料具有自我修复损伤的特点, 能够增加使用材料的安全性, 延长材料寿命, 是一种具有损伤管理性能的智能新材料. 基于动态化学的自愈性水凝胶是近来备受关注的一种自愈性材料, 由具有动态特性的交联网络构建形成. 交联作用为动态化学键, 即非共价键, 如弱相互作用的氢键、分子间作用力(范德华力)、配位作用、亲疏水作用等, 或可逆共价键, 如温和条件下可逆的亚胺键、双硫键、酰腙键等. 这种材料具有本征性的自愈性, 一方面可应对外界破坏造成的损伤, 进行自我修复. 另一方面动态化学键对多种环境刺激具有响应性, 能自我调节以适应环境变化, 为将自愈性水凝胶开发为自适性多功能智能新材料奠定了基础. 水凝胶具有优越的生物相容性以及和生物组织的相似性, 在生物医用材料中如药物控制释放、组织工程修复、生物仿生等领域发挥着越来越大的作用, 而开发具有自愈性的多功能智能水凝胶, 将进一步拓展其应用. 综述了近来基于动态化学的自愈性水凝胶的制备及其在生物医用材料领域中的应用研究.     

Substituent Effect Parameters: Extending the Applications to Organometallic Chemistry

Typically, metal complexes are constituted of an acceptor metal ion and one or more Iigands containing the donor atoms. Accordingly, the properties of a metal complex are equally dependent on the nature of the metal ion and the ligands. Minute structural variations in the ligand will may result in linear changes in the respective energetic parameters and such linear relationships have paramount importance in organometallic chemistry. The variation in ligands is virtually limitless and substantial because of the extent of organic chemistry available for the modelling of desirable ligands, apart from the variation in metal ions. Anyhow, there is still a need for new parameters for the design and quantification of new ligands which in turn leads to the synthesis of metal complexes with possibly predictable chemical properties. Previous studies have demonstrated that quantum chemically derived molecular electrostatic potential (MESP) parameters can be listed as one of the superior quantifiers in this regard, which can act as an effective ligand electronic parameter. The interaction between the ligand part and metal-containing part will be crucial in assessing the reactivity of organometallic complexes. Here we are applying MESP based substituent constants derived from substituted benzenes to forecast the interaction energies in (pyr^*)W(CO)₅, (NHC^*)Mo(CO)₅ and (η⁶-arene^*)Cr(CO)₃ complexes. Ligands and metal ions are varied in each case for better understanding and transparency.     

基于应用型人才培养的应用化学专业实践课程体系改革研究

在应用型人才培养驱动下,探索了应用化学专业实践课程体系的改革,以“精细化学品的合成与表征”和“精细化学品生产工艺”2个方面训练为目标,构建了“专业实验-实训-生产实习”为一体的专业实践课程体系;通过CDIO模式的教学方法改革,践行了专业实践课程对人才培养的要求,提高了学生应用知识解决实际问题的能力,达到了应用型人才培养的目的。     

分子力学在有机化学中的应用

本文评述了近年来分子力学在有机化学中的应用,特别是在有机化学反应和核磁共振中的应用。     

应用化学专业的化工原理课程设计

国家建设对人才的需要历来是大学专业设置和课程设置的晴雨表。为了培养跨世纪人才 ,提出“厚基础 ,宽口径”的育人模式。根据教育部有关拓宽高等教育专业口径 ,提高培养专业人才素质的教学改革精神 ,对应用化学专业进行适当的拓宽是非常必要的 ,一些大学已经对应用化学专业课程的改革作了有关报道[1,2 ] 。　　我校 1 997年修订的本科教学计划中对应用化学专业的培养目标是 :应用型理科人才 ,要求学生具有扎实的化学基础知识和实验技能 ,具有一定工程和生产基础知识以及技术经济管理基本知识 ,达到具有较强的运算、测试、分析技能 ,较好的…     

新工科背景下应用化学专业人才培养模式创新研究与实践——以青岛农业大学应用化学专业为例

In the light of the new requirements of emerging engineering education for talent cultivation, this paper firstly analyzes the difficulties and deficiencies in the construction of applied chemistry major in Qingdao Agricultural University. This paper also introduces the practice in adapting to the regional economy and society development and the needs of students' growth, innovating the talent training mode, optimizing the talent training program, reconstructing the curriculum system, and strongly promoting the education and teaching reform based on the project. A new idea is provided for constructing the application-oriented talent training mode of industry-university-research for local agricultural colleges and universities in the background of the emerging engineering education.