DATA类逆转录酶抑制剂的三维定量构效关系

采用对接方法得到HIV-1抑制剂DATA(二芳基三嗪类)分子的活性构象, 进一步用比较分子场分析(CoMFA)和比较分子相似性分析(CoMSIA)法对DATA类逆转录酶抑制剂(RTIs)的三维定量构效关系(3D-QSAR)进行了研究, 建立3D-QSAR模型, 以指导进一步结构修饰. 用此模型预测了5个DATA类似物, 预测偏差较小, 表明了所建立的模型具有较强的预测能力.     

HEPT类逆转录酶抑制剂的三维定量构效关系

利用比较分子力场分析(CoMFA)方法对32个HEPT类HIV-1逆转录酶抑制剂(RTIs)的三维定量构效关系(3D-QSAR)进行了分析,建立了HIV-1逆转录酶抑制剂的3种3D-QSAR模型,发现影响其生物活性的主要因素为立体场因素,这与HIV-1RT的非底物结合部位(NNBS)的疏水性环境相吻合.进一步分析表明,适当长度的1-位侧链对保持化合物的抗病毒活性致关重要;增大5-位取代基的体积可增强生物活性;在1-位苄氧甲基的对位引入大体积基团有利于提高活性.同时考察立体场、静电场与生物活性的关系,表明,CoMFA模型为最佳预测模型,其交叉验证系数R_CV²=0.870,传统相关系数R²=0.986,标准偏差SE=0.146,F=294.546.用此模型预测了检验组3个HEPT类化合物的-lgEC₅₀,R_pred²=0.850,表明模型具有很好的预测能力,可为HEPT类HIV-1逆转录酶抑制剂的结构优化提供理论指导.     

IOPY/ISPY类HIV-1逆转录酶抑制剂的定量构效关系研究

C-5修饰的3-碘-4-芳氧基/芳硫基吡啶酮(IOPY/ISPY)类化合物是一类潜在的HIV-1非核苷类逆转录酶抑制剂, 特别是这类化合物因具有同时抑制野生型和突变型病毒株的特性, 而受到更加广泛的关注. 首先利用两套2D通用描述符同时构建了该类化合物的线性和非线性定量构效关系模型. 结果表明这些模型都具有较好的预测能力, 并且非线性模型较线性模型预测能力更好些. 为了更好、更形象地描述逆转录酶抑制剂的特征, 进一步结合三维定量构效关系(3D-QSAR)模型, 以及SAReport分析对该类化合物同时抑制野生型和突变型病毒株的结构特征进行了分析, 发现在对这类化合物进行结构修饰时, 需要服从如下三条理论指导原则: (1) R基团中的正负电场分布情况对化合物的活性起着关键作用|(2) R基团最好具有芳香环或芳香杂环和(3) R基团的环结构上连接的取代基不宜太多.     

二芳基三嗪类HIV-1逆转录酶抑制剂的分子对接及3D-QSAR研究

对40个二芳基三嗪类HIV-1逆转录酶抑制剂进行了分子对接研究,结果表明,2个疏水性芳香取代基团与结合口袋底部形成的疏水和范德华相互作用、三嗪环母核及其R4取代基与结合位点产生的氢键和静电作用以及R4取代基与袋口形成的空间位阻效应是影响该系列化合物活性的重要因素.根据对接优势构象进行分子叠合和比较分子相似性指数分析(C...     

环氧合酶－2抑制剂的三维定量构效关系研究

建立三环系COX－1和COX－2抑制剂结构与活性的三维定量构效关系模型，为设 计新型的具有选择性的COX－2抑制剂提供线索。通过与酶的对接并优化，确定化合 物在受体结合腔中的构象，利用比较分子力场分析方法建立三维定量构效关系模型 。模型1R_(cv)~2=0.685，最佳主成分数为6，传统相关系数为R~2=0.988, F-726. 2，标准偏差S = 0.080；模型2 R_(cv)~2 = 0.573，最佳主成分数为6，传统相关 系数为R~2=0.996, F = 1147.6，标准偏差S = 0.034。所得的模型不仅解释了化合 物的构效关系，而且对预测集中的化合物有很好的预测能力；比较不同模型的系数 相关图，分析了结构与活性、结构与选择性的关系，得到的结果可以指导新化合物 的设计与合成。     

Structural Basis of 2-Phenylamino-4-phenoxyquinoline Derivatives as Potent HIV-1 Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors

New target molecules, namely, 2-phenylamino-4-phenoxyquinoline derivatives, were designed using a molecular hybridization approach, which was accomplished by fusing the pharmacophore structures of three currently available drugs: nevirapine, efavirenz, and rilpivirine. The discovery of disubstituted quinoline indicated that the pyridinylamino substituent at the 2-position of quinoline plays an important role in its inhibitory activity against HIV-1 RT. The highly potent HIV-1 RT inhibitors, namely, 4-(2′,6′-dimethyl-4′-formylphenoxy)-2-(5″-cyanopyridin-2″ylamino)quinoline (6b) and 4-(2′,6′-dimethyl-4′-cyanophenoxy)-2-(5″-cyanopyridin-2″ylamino)quinoline (6d) exhibited half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of 1.93 and 1.22 µM, respectively, which are similar to that of nevirapine (IC50 = 1.05 µM). The molecular docking results for these two compounds showed that both compounds interacted with Lys101, His235, and Pro236 residues through hydrogen bonding and interacted with Tyr188, Trp229, and Tyr318 residues through π–π stacking in HIV-1 RT. Interestingly, 6b was highly cytotoxic against MOLT-3 (acute lymphoblastic leukemia), HeLA (cervical carcinoma), and HL-60 (promyeloblast) cells with IC50 values of 12.7 ± 1.1, 25.7 ± 0.8, and 20.5 ± 2.1 µM, respectively. However, 6b and 6d had very low and no cytotoxicity, respectively, to-ward normal embryonic lung (MRC-5) cells. Therefore, the synthesis and biological evaluation of 2-phenylamino-4-phenoxyquinoline derivatives can serve as an excellent basis for the development of highly effective anti-HIV-1 and anticancer agents in the near future.     

R基团搜索技术用于HIV-1逆转录酶抑制剂的分子设计

本文采用基于R基团搜索技术的Topomer CoMFA方法对41个人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV-1)逆转录酶抑制剂进行了三维定量构效关系(3D-QSAR)分析。所得优化模型的拟合、交互验证及外部验证的复相关系数分别为0.995、0.859和0.945。采用Topomer Search技术对ZINC数据库进行R基团的虚拟筛选,得到R贡献高的基团,以活性最高的13号分子为模板进行过滤得到1个Ra基团和20个Rb基团。并以此设计得到20个新化合物分子,其中有19个化合物的预测活性值高于13号分子。研究结果表明,所建立的Topomer CoMFA模型具有良好的稳定性和预测能力,基于R基团的Topomer Search技术可以有效筛选并设计出新的HIV-1逆转录酶抑制剂,为抗艾滋病新药设计提供了理论依据。     

二氢吡啶类化合物的三维定量构效关系

通过分子力学和量子化学计算,得出两种二氢吡啶衍生物的低能构象,再应用比较分子力场分析方法(CoMFA)和比较分子相似性指数分析方法(CoMSIA)分别对两种构象的43个二氢吡啶衍生物进行3D-QSAR研究. 计算结果表明,用两种方法建立的两种构象的构效关系模型均有较好的预测能力.通过分析CoMFA和CoMSIA的系数等势图,直观地了解二氢吡啶衍生物的结构对生物活性的影响,为进一步设计高活性的二氢吡啶衍生物提供一定的理论依据.     

Nonnucleoside HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors, Part 4[1]. Synthesis and Anti-HIV Activity of N-1-β-Carbonyl-6-naphthyl-methyl Analogues of HEPT

Summary.  A series of 6-naphthylmethyl substituted HEPT analogues bearing a β-carbonyl and a terminal phenyl ring or ester groups on the N-1 side chain of uracil were synthesized, and the in vitro anti-HIV activity was evaluated. Most of these HEPTs were considerably less potent and selective or inactive, only a few compounds showed moderate or high activity against HIV-1. The results demonstrated that the anti-HIV-1 activity of 6-naphthylmethyl substituted HEPT analogues was diminished or eliminated when the β-oxygen of N-1 side chain was replaced by a carbonyl group.     

Three-dimensional Quantitative Structure-activity Relationship Models of HIV-1 Integrase Inhibitors of DKAs

As one of the three viral encoded enzymes of HIV-1 infection, HIV-1 integrase has become an attractive drug target for the treatment. Diketoacid compounds (DKAs) are one kind of potent and selective inhibitors of HIV-1 IN. In the present work, two three-dimensional QSAR techniques (CoMFA and CoMSIA) were employed to correlate the molecular structure with the activity of inhibiting the strand transfer for 147 DKAs. The all-oritation search (AOS) and all-placement search (APS) were used to optimize the CoMFA model. The diketo and keto-enol tautomers of DKAs were also used to establish the CoMFA models. The results indicated that the enol was the dominant conformation in the HIV-1 IN and DKAs complexes. It can provide a new method and reference to identify the bioactive conformation of drugs by using QSAR analysis. The best CoMSIA model, with five fields combined, implied that the hydrophobic field is very important as well as the steric and electrostatic fields. All models indicated favorable internal validation. A comparative analysis with the three models demonstrated that the CoMFA model seems to be more predictive. The contour maps could afford steric, electrostatic, hydrophobic and H-bond information about the interaction of ligand-receptor complex visually. The models would give some useful guidelines for designing novel and potent HIV-1 integrase inhibitors.