多辊轧机冷轧技术在靶材料制备中的应用

 叙述了多辊轧机轧制金属薄膜原理,以Ti膜制备为例,借助多辊轧机冷轧技术进行1.5 μm厚钛薄带的制备工艺研究。对薄膜的特性测试结果表明：工作辊的表面粗糙度对于轧制薄膜的表面粗糙度的影响很大,降低工作辊表面的粗糙度可以得到粗糙度为25.2 nm的金属薄膜。     

星载高分辨率超光谱成像仪分光方式的选择

从多个方面分析了棱镜和光栅色散分光的优缺点,分析结果表明棱镜更适于星载高分辨率超光谱成像仪的分光。在透过率方面,棱镜光谱仪透过率高达95.24％(VNIR),而光栅的衍射效率仅为60%~70%。在杂散光方面,棱镜光谱仪的杂散光可达10－4,而光栅的杂散光为10－2。在0.4 －2.5 范围,棱镜光谱仪相对光栅光谱仪有优越性。在色散线性方面,光栅光谱仪基本线性,棱镜光谱仪的短波非线性问题可通过复合棱镜进行补偿。可靠性方面,棱镜光谱仪较光栅光谱仪有优势;在光谱带宽和成本方面,棱镜光谱仪与光栅光谱仪基本接近。     

叠片法测量“闪光二号”加速器的高功率离子束能谱

给出了利用叠片法测量“闪光二号”加速器高功率离子束能谱的基本原理及初步实验结果. 采用Ziegler的拟合公式编制程序计算了不同能量质子和碳离子穿过不同厚度Mylar膜后的能 量损失情况.在偏压法拉第筒阵列各个法拉第筒的准直孔前分别覆盖0—6μm厚的Mylar膜， 根据不同膜厚对应的信号衰减情况(叠片法)，得到了高功率离子束的离子能谱，离子的最高 能量>440keV，平均能量约为270keV，能量为200—300keV之间的离子数目最多，碳离子数和 90keV以下的质子所占总离子数的组分不多于32％.所测量离子能谱和离子数目随时间的分布 关系与二极管的电压和电流符合也较好.还将叠片法的测量结果与利用磁谱仪和采用飞行时 间法等的测量结果进行了比较，三种方法所得的测量结果基本一致. 关键词： 高功率离子束 离子能谱 法拉第筒 叠片法 能量损失     

带有增益的单微环谐振器的光速控制行为

带有损耗的光波导微环谐振器在实现光速控制时存在输出脉冲能量损耗大、脉冲形状畸变严重等问题。基于带有增益和带有损耗的微环谐振器的传输特性之间的对称性,计算分析了单微环谐振器的透射率、群折射率和群速度色散等特性,分析了增益和损耗对微环谐振器输出特性影响的机制。计算了带有增益的微环谐振器的光速控制行为,并与带有损耗的微环谐振器进行对比。结果显示,带有增益的微环谐振器输出脉冲不分裂且有较大的输出强度。脉冲延迟量和超前量比损耗系统大,可用于光速控制,克服了微环带有损耗时产生的光强损耗和脉冲畸变。     

Rosochatius Deformed Soliton Hierarchy with Self-Consistent Sources

Integrable Rosochatius deformations of finite-dimensional integrable systems are generalized to the soliton hierarchy with self-consistent sources. The integrable Rosochatius deformations of the Kaup-Newell hierarchy with self-consistent sources, of the TD hierarchy with self-consistent sources, and of the Jaulent-Miodek hierarchy with self-consistent sources, together with their Lax representations are presented.     

KOPLS-DA在掺杂牛奶判别中的应用

运用核隐变量正交投影(kernel orthogonal projection to latent structure, KOPLS)方法,建立掺杂牛奶与纯牛奶的判别模型。分别配置含有三聚氰胺牛奶(0.01～3 g·L-1)和尿素牛奶(1～20 g·L-1)样品各40个,采集纯牛奶及掺杂牛奶样品的近红外光谱。选择4 200～4 800 cm-1为建模区间,采用KOPLS分别建立掺杂三聚氰胺、掺杂尿素、两种掺杂牛奶与纯牛奶的判别模型,并利用这些模型对未知样品进行判别。研究结果表明：与偏最小二乘判别(partial least squares discriminant analysis, PLS-DA)和隐变量正交投影判别(orthogonal projections to latent structures discriminant analysis, OPLS-DA)建模方法相比,KOPLS-DA具有更强的掺杂判别能力,对掺杂三聚氰胺、掺杂尿素牛奶和两种掺杂牛奶的判别正确率分别为95%,100%和97.5%。     

拉曼光谱方法研究疏水作用对四甲基脲氢键形成的影响

测得了四甲基脲(TMU)与水,甲醇和乙醇及N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)与水二元体系的拉曼光谱,分析二元溶液混合体系中羰基伸缩振动的频移随体积比变化的规律,从光谱的变化中可以得出羰基频移经历两个阶段： 首先,羰基伸缩振动随体系中氢键受体体积比的增加向低波数方向移动;其次,当二元混合体系中体积比超过一个临界值后,羰基伸缩振动振动频率不变,变化的仅仅是相对强度。通过分析临界体积比可以得出TMU与水相互作用中水是以较大缔合分子形式存在;而TMU与甲醇、乙醇,DMF与水相互作用中是以单分子或小的缔合分子形式存在的。     

精确的量子化条件和不变量

提出并证明了一维量子系统和三维球对称量子系统的一个精确的量子化条件.在此精确量子化条件中, 除了通常的Nπ项外, 还有一积分项, 称为修正项. 发现该修正项正是在超对称量子力学中所谓的有形状不变势的量子系统的一个不变量，它不依赖于波函数的节点数.对这些系统, 可用基态能级和波函数确定此不变量的值, 从而由精确的量子化条件容易算出全部束缚态的能级. 计算得到能级的正确性又反过来验证了在有形状不变势的量子系统中此修正项确实是不变量.计算的有形状不变势的量子系统, 包括一维的有限方势阱、Morse势及其变形、R 关键词： 量子化条件 超对称量子力学 形状不变势 不变量     

基于SSPCM的新型储能型太阳能蒸馏器实验研究

本文基于定型相变材料(SSPCM)建立了新型储能型太阳能蒸馏器的实验系统,并分别对普通SSPCM和高导热SSPCM的蒸馏特性进行了实验研究.研究发现:与传统太阳能蒸馏器相比,基于普通SSPCM的储能型蒸馏器的日产量提升了 7.5％,采用高导热SSPCM的日产量提升了 39％.此外,本文还对蒸馏器结构进行了优化研究,研制...     

带电粒子与超晶格相互作用及其超高能粒子识别

讨论了非沟道粒子与晶体的相互作用及其渡越辐射, 并将渡越辐射同沟道辐射进行了比较, 结果表明, 渡越辐射对沟道辐射的贡献主要是在长波区域使沟道辐射的本底增强; 由于超晶格是由两种不同介电性能的材料交替生长而成的多层薄膜结构, 它的渡越辐射比较强. 正是这个特点, 可望利用超晶格的渡越辐射来识别超高能粒子.     

Studies on modified power law inflation

In this study, we evaluate power law inflation (PLI) with a monomial potential and obtain a novel exact solution. It is well known that the conventional PLI with an exponential potential is inconsistent with the Planck data. Unlike the standard PLI, the present model does not encounter the graceful exit problem, and the results agree fairly well with recent observations. In our analysis, we calculate the spectral index and the tensor-to-scalar ratio, both of which agree very well with recent observational data and are comparable with those of other modified inflationary models. The employed technique reveals that the large cosmological constant decreases with the expansion of the universe in the case of the PLI. The coupling of the inflaton with gravitation is the primary factor in this technique. The basic assumption here is that the two metric tensors in the gravitational and inflaton parts correspond to different conformal frames, which contradicts with the conventional PLI, where the inflaton is directly coupled with the background metric tensor. This fact has direct applications to different dark energy models and the assisted quintessence theory.     

二维Janus结构的PdSSe/石墨烯接触特性的第一性原理探究

Janus结构由于其两侧的原子不同,存在一个内建电场.在本工作中,将具有Janus结构的六角PdSSe与石墨烯复合,构成范德瓦尔斯异质结构.通过基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理计算对其几何结构和电子结构进行了研究.计算中考虑了两种堆叠方式,即Se侧与石墨烯接触和S侧与石墨烯接触.当S侧与石墨烯接触时,体系具有更小的平衡间距和更大的电荷转移,结合能更低. S侧与石墨烯接触时形成了为n型欧姆接触;Se侧与石墨烯接触时形成了势垒极低的n型肖特基接触.最后,讨论了垂直应变对接触特性的影响.通过施加垂直应变,PdSSe/石墨烯的接触类型具有显著的可调性.     

角膜手术后眼模型的构建和人工晶状体设计

根据角膜屈光手术前的角膜地形图、眼内各组分的轴向间距和波前像差,运用ZEMAX光学设计软件,构建了术前的个性化眼模型.结合角膜屈光手术后实际测量的波前像差,建立了术后个性化眼模型.运用该模型,为角膜屈光手术眼设计了双球面人工晶状体.研究表明:对于角膜屈光手术后人眼,用术后个性化眼模型计算的人工晶状体度数可靠.该模型还能够为术后眼设计矫正像散和其他高阶像差的人工晶状体,同时可以用来评估角膜手术联合白内障术后人眼的光学性能,以及手术中各类偏差对视觉质量的影响.     

Thickness shear mode quartz crystal resonators with optimized elliptical electrodes

Quartz crystal resonators (QCRs) with circular electrodes have been widely used for various liquid and gas sensing applications. In this work,quartz crystal resonators with elliptical electrodes were studied and tested for liquid property measurement. Mindlin’s theory was used to optimize the dimension and geometry of the electrodes and a 5-MHz QCR with minimum series resistance and without any spurious modes was obtained. A series of AT-cut QCRs with elliptical electrodes of different sizes were fabricated and their sensing performances were compared to devices with circular electrodes. The experimental result shows that the device with elliptical electrodes can obtain lower resonance impedance and a higher Q factor,which results in a better loading capability. Even though the sensitivities of devices with elliptical and circular electrodes are found to be similar,the sensor with elliptical electrodes has much higher resolution due to a better frequency stability. The study indicates that the performance of QCRs with elliptical electrodes is superior to that of traditional QCRs with circular electrodes.     

外场下压力及屏蔽对无限深量子阱中施主结合能的影响

考虑外加磁场、压力及屏蔽效应,利用变分方法数值计算GaN/AlxGa1-xN无限深量子阱系统中的杂质态结合能。给出结合能随磁场和阱宽的变化关系,同时讨论了有无屏蔽时的区别。结果表明:在磁场和压力作用下,结合能随阱宽的增大而减小;阱宽和压力一定时,结合能随磁场的增大而增大。屏蔽效应使得有效库仑吸引作用减弱而导致杂质态结合能显著下降。屏蔽效应对结合能的影响随压力增大而增强,随磁场强度增大而减弱。     

横向行波偏转结构中电磁场分布及腔间耦合系数的理论研究

 模拟分析了横向行波偏转结构中传播的HEM₁₁波的特性,并与加速模式TM₀₁进行了比较。设计并加工完成了该偏转结构的实验腔,用谐振微扰法测出了中间腔的横向场分布曲线,并与HFSS模拟结果进行了比较,模拟结果和测试结果一致,其横向场的最大值在偏离轴心径向的中间位置。用HFSS模拟了腔的色散特性,对有稳定孔和没有稳定孔的情况进行了比较,用谐振法对实验腔的色散特性进行了测试,测试结果和模拟结果一致。通过对等梯度偏转结构等效电路的简化,给出了等阻抗结构的等效电路,定性分析了此偏转结构的腔间耦合情况,计算了腔间耦合系数,模拟结果和测试结果一致。     

SDBS对氧化铜纳米颗粒悬浮液粘度的影响

由氧化铜纳米颗粒、分散剂和水组成的悬浮液粘度是研究其流动与换热的重要基础数据。本文通过实验得出分散剂是影响纳米悬浮液粘度的决定性因素这一结论。研究表明,本文采用的纯分散剂溶液即十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)水溶液的粘度对温度变化很敏感,氧化铜纳米颗粒质量分数的增加对粘度的影响并不明显,而分散剂浓度对粘度的影响远远超过纳米颗粒质量分数对粘度的影响。     

The variation of defect damage with depth in molybdenum irradiated with 2MeV nitrogen ions

Transmission electron microscopy has been used to examine the damage produced in specimens of high purity molybdenum following irradiation with 2 MeV nitrogen ions in the Van de Graaff accelerator. A simple electropolishing technique was developed to allow the defect damage to be examined at different depths on a single specimen. Some results are presented here for specimens irradiated in the range 600–800°C, together with theoretical predictions of the nitrogen range and the variation of displacement damage with range, The experimental results show that the defect damage to the lattice results in a structure of dislocation loops, interstitial in nature, whose size drops with distance from the bombarded surface and whose concentration increases. Nevertheless the retained defect damage, measured by integrated loop area, agrees reasonably with the theoretical variation of displacement damage with range while the increase in loop concentration with depth coincides with the variation in ratio of nitrogen concentration to displacement damage. This latter result agrees with the hypothesis that the nucleation of damage is controlled to a large extent by the ratio of impurity atoms to displaced atoms.     

Paradoxical vocal fold motion: Presentation and treatment options

Paradoxical vocal fold motion is a rare disorder in which adduction of the folds occurs on inspiration. The disorder presents with signs of airway obstruction and often airway distress, so proper diagnosis by the otorhinolaryngologist is critical to subsequent management. We present a retrospective review of 10 patients with the diagnosis of paradoxical vocal fold motion seen over a 6-year period. Eight patients were females, and 6 required an acute airway intervention at presentation; 3 patients eventually underwent tracheotomy for respiratory decompensation. Six patients had a prior diagnosis of asthma, and this was determined to contribute to their respiratory status. Five patients were treated with botulinum toxin and 2 with flexible nasolaryngoscopic biofeedback, which improved the outcome. A review of the literature confirms a female predominance of patients presenting with paradoxical adduction and airway distress, often with a history of asthma and psychopathology. Our experience with botulinum toxin and biofeedback suggests that these procedures are viable treatment options in the management of patients with this disorder.     

雾滴粒子群的偏振特性研究

根据Mie散射理论,基于一次实测资料拟合得出雾滴谱分布,计算了雾滴粒子群的散射相函数矩阵,揭示了不同波长的雾滴粒子群对入射激光的散射偏振特征。结果表明：激光散射强度随散射角的增加呈现先减小后增大的趋势,且波长越小散射光强分布越集中;波长越大,偏振度随散射角分布越平滑,反之分布震动则越剧烈;各波段偏振度随散射角增大的分布趋势大致相同,关键散射角随波长的减小向增大的方向偏移。