水热处理USY二次孔形成规律研究

研究了氧化钠含量不同Y型分子筛水热处理形成二次孔的规律.结果表明，NH4NaY升温至650 ℃,分子筛处于介稳态，其比表面积、孔容等均显著低于NaY.红外研究未发现脱铝及其他物种生成,通入水蒸气后,有脱铝过程发生，但其比表面积、孔容等大幅增加,总孔容也大于NaY；进一步处理上述参数又有降低.这种变化被归结为升温形成的具有强电子亲和势的质子在高温下和骨架氧发生强相互作用,造成骨架扭曲、松弛或断裂,而有Na＋存在的方钠石笼则保持相对稳定.在高温水热合成条件下,可能以稳定的方钠石笼为单位进行结构重排,骨架脱铝形成的非骨架铝和无定形氧化硅物种的存在,抑制了分子筛按照原始NaY的结构愈合,只能形成具有破损方钠石笼（缺陷）的八面沸石结构,这可能是二次孔形成的原因.     

Y沸石的高温合成

采用甲基三乙氧基硅烷(MTS)为添加剂, 在高温(140 °C)条件下水热合成出具有六方片状形貌的Y型沸石. 相比于100 °C左右合成的Y型沸石, 高温合成的Y沸石具有更高的硅铝比值、更大的晶体宽厚比值以及对有机挥发物具有优异的吸附性能. 通过X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、²⁹Si固体核磁共振(NMR)、傅里叶变换红外(FTIR)光谱、碳氢氮元素分析(CHN)、水接触角等表征, 证明了所合成的新型Y沸石具有甲基基团, 它们的存在增强了疏水性能, 提高了对有机挥发物的吸附能力.     

Y沸石水热转晶为ECR-1沸石的研究

ECR-1具有十二元孔道, 其通常是在有机模板存在下合成的, 我们曾报道了在无有机模板剂的条件下合成沸石ECR-1, 本文报道在无有机模板剂存在的条件下Y沸石水热转晶为沸石ECR-1的研究结果. 因为Y沸石具有合成简单、价格低廉和不使用有机模板等特点, 所以对由Y沸石转晶为ECR-1的研究, 对其在工业上的应用具有重要意义.     

高硅Y沸石的合成研究进展

Y沸石的合成及在流化催化裂化中的应用在现代石油化学工业中具有里程碑意义. Y沸石的骨架硅铝比直接影响材料的热/水热稳定性及催化性能. 提高Y沸石的骨架硅铝比、 合理减少酸中心密度、 提高酸强度, 进而改善催化裂化反应性能一直是学术界和工业界关注的重要课题. 目前工业使用的高硅Y沸石均是通过复杂的后处理方法获得的. 与复杂的后处理方法相比, 直接合成高硅Y沸石是更理想的方式, 但其难度大, 为分子筛领域具有挑战性的课题. 本文系统总结了高硅Y沸石的直接合成研究进展, 分别对无机合成体系和有机模板剂合成体系进行综合评述, 并介绍了Y沸石的晶化机理研究进展.     

高硅Y沸石的研制及吸附热力学性质

Ｙ沸石用ＬｉＣｌ溶液交换得ＬｉＮａＹ沸石,再经ＳｉＣｌ４气相同晶取代进行脱铝补硅,获得高结晶度的高硅Ｙ沸石,硅铝比可大于１００［１］．在脱铝过程中,随着硅铝比的升高其孔结构和表面性质均发生变化,直接关联到Ｙ沸石在炼油中的催化裂化性能．通过对不同大小、结?..     

Fast Synthesis of Submicron Zeolite Y Using Microwave Heating

Kinetics and Catalysis - Submicron zeolite has become the focus of research because of its high thermal stability, high catalytic activity, and uniform size. A rapid method for synthesizing...     

Synthesis and Characterizations of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles Within Zeolite Y

Copper oxide nanoparticles within zeolite Y have been synthesized by a procedure comprising (i) ion-exchange of copper ions into the zeolite, (ii) precipitation of copper ions with sodium hydroxide within the supercages of the zeolite, and (iii) calcination. The products were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The particle size of CuO products are 20?nm.     

Synthesis of Micropore/Mesopore Composite Materials

The objective of this study was to synthesize micropore-mesopore composite materials by two-step crystallization. The colloidal MFI was first synthesized using a structure-directing agent tetrapropylammonium hydroxide as a template in the first step. This colloid was then self-assembled to form mesoporous structure by using cetyltrimethylammonium bromide as a surfactant. These materials were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, nitrogen sorption, SEM and TEM. Due to the thick walls produced, it cannot sustain the local strain caused by the crystallization: the mesostructure is collapsed upon heating. The mixed phases of MFI and MCM-41 were obtained by optimizing the synthesis times and reaction temperatures.     

The Link between ZSM-5 Zeolite Crystallization and Mesopore Formation by Leaching

Acid or base leaching are well-established tools in the synthesis of mesoporous zeolites. Previous studies suggest an inherent link between the structure-property relationship of mesoporous zeolites, that is, chemical resistance, pore diameter and distribution, with zeolite synthesis or crystallization conditions. The exact nature and/or origin of this link is currently however, poorly established. Here, we provide evidence how zeolite crystallization conditions influence the leaching behavior and thus structure of mesoporous zeolites. Electron microscopy and in situ small angle X-ray scattering both confirmed the crystallization of ZSM-5 to utilize both nanoparticles and oligomers as elemental building blocks. Utilization of these species is highly depended on supersaturation. The precursor solution of decreased water content favored a faster consumption of nanoparticles compared to its oligomers at the early stage of crystallization. Then the addition of oligomers can heal the surface imperfections and thus the resulting zeolite showed a higher resistance against acid leaching. In contrast, within the precursor solution of increased water content the slower consumption of nanoparticles led to crystals with a less robust rim. Defects existed in the rim due to limited healing by oligomers and, as such, mesopores can be created by the following post-treatment. Precise control over selected crystallization conditions can therefore further aid the design of optimized mesoporous zeolites.     

The Influence of the Synthesis Temperature on Cobalt Phthalocyanine Encapsulation in Zeolite Y

Several characterization techniques were applied to study the effect of the synthesis temperature on the physicochemical properties of cobalt phthalocyanine incoporated into zeolite Y. The cobalt phthalocyanine was synthesized in the supercages of zeolite Y by the template synthesis method at two different temperatures of 200 and300 °C and characterized by diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, Fourier transform infraredspectroscopy, pore volume analysis, unit cell dimension calculation, UV-vis spectroscopy,thermogravimetric analysis and X-ray diffraction. The results show that the catalyst synthesizedat 200 °C contains 11 wt.% cobalt phthalocyanine and almost all of thiscomplex is encapsulated in the supercages as monomeric species. At higher temperature aconsiderable amount of the cobalt phthalocyanine is hosted in the mesopores and/or on theexternal surface of the zeolite as aggregates. The migration of one part of the cobalt cationsfrom the supercages to the small cages at 300 °C decreases the formation of thenon-aggregated encapsulated phthalocyanine molecules in the zeolite supercages. Theaggregated cobalt phthalocyanine formed at the surface corresponds to the -polymorph stateof the phthalocyanine.     

内嵌型介孔分子筛的合成

用表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基氢氧化铵在溶液中形成的液晶相胶态分子团作为模板剂，同时在分子团憎水基团内部导入对乏燃料中钯离子有特效选择萃取效应的协萃剂ＴＯＰＯ－Ｐ２０４，通过表面活性剂亲水基团与易水解的有机硅酸盐阴离子之间的自组织过程，合成了内嵌型介孔分子筛固体吸附剂ＭＣＭ－ＴＰ，经ＴＥＭ，ＸＲＤ，２９Ｓｉ－ＭＡＳＮＭＲ测试，与ＭＣＭ－４１介孔分子筛有相似的孔道结构，但其晶胞参数有所增加，水热稳定性有明显的改善．用于提取乏燃料中的钯，饱和吸附Ｐｄ容量可达０．０１５ｍｍｏｌ／ｇ．     

介孔沸石分子筛的制备

介孔沸石分子筛是一种含有丰富介孔的结晶沸石,它不同于介孔分子筛和微孔沸石的简单机械混合。它不仅具备微孔沸石高的热和水热稳定性、优异的选择性和活性,而且由于介孔的引入改善了其对大分子的吸附和扩散性能,逐渐成为多孔催化材料研究领域的热点。本文主要从模板法、后处理法和前驱体组装法等方法出发,介绍了介孔沸石分子筛最新的制备方法研究进展。通过对比不同制备方法的优缺点,指出各种方法的改进方向,以期寻求一种较优的合成策略,以满足现今催化领域日益苛刻的要求。     

草酸脱铝Y沸石的性质

草酸与草酸铵脱铝的Ｙ沸石，具有八面沸石结构和良好的结晶度。羟基红外光谱和吡啶吸附的红外光谱表明，在脱铝Ｙ沸石的骨架中存在着铝空位，这种缺铝Ｙ沸石中由３５５０ｃｍ＾－１表征的小笼羟基更具开放性，但稳定性较差，在升温过程中，它比３６４０ｃｍ＾－１表征的大笼羟基更易脱除。吡啶与ＣＯ双探针分子红外光谱的研究表明，升温脱羟基过程伴随着与Ｌｅｗｉｓ酸有关的非骨架铝的生成，低温Ｎ２吸附的结果显示，缺铝Ｙ沸石中还     

Nonionic emulsion-mediated synthesis and characterization of Zeolite Y

Zeolite Y was first synthesized in a nonionic emulsion system containing polyoxyethylated alkyl phenol surfactant and then characterized using XRD, SEM, FT-IR, TG-DSC, N₂ adsorption and carbon content analysis techniques. Compared to the conventional zeolite Y, the reported Y sample presents extraordinarily agglomerated and coalesced structure with huge BET surface area of 646.85 m²/g. The huge surface area is explained by the removal of emulsion components occluded in the pore structure of the Y sample through calcination. Parameters such as emulsion components, emulsion composition, cosurfactant identity and reaction conditions were investigated. It is found the emulsion induces rapid growth, as crystallization of zeolite Y is completed after 4 h, compared to 16 h for the sample that does not contain the emulsion components. Emulsion composition and cosurfactant identity greatly influence the morphologies and crystallinity of the Y samples. Control experiments indicate all the components of the emulsion system are necessary for the rapid growth of zeolite Y. Finally, zeolite growth mechanism in the nonionic emulsion system is tentatively proposed.     

Zeolite Y from kaolin clay of Kachchh,India: Synthesis,characterization and catalytic application

Kaolin clay obtained from Kachchh, Gujarat was used as alumina and silica source to synthesize zeolite Y by hydrothermal method. The synthesis route comprised of the following steps: sulfuric acid treatment at 110 ​°C (4 ​h) for impurity removal followed by calcination at 600 ​°C for 4 ​h, thermal activation of kaolin into metakaolin by NaOH fusion at 850 ​°C (8 ​h); aging of reaction mixtures at 50 ​°C (24 ​h); crystallization (24 ​h) followed by washing and drying. The synthesized zeolite Y was examined by multiple characterization techniques which revealed a pore volume of 0.22 ​cm³/g with pore size of 2.89 ​nm having essential surface area of 320 ​m²/g, indicating a porous material having majority of micropores and remaining mesopores. The zeolite exhibited good catalytic activity for succinic acid esterification using ethanol to produce monoethyl and diethyl succinate. The conversion of SA (72%) and yield (60%) of valuable diester indicated good conversion rate and selectivity at moderate reaction conditions. Detailed structural comparison with zeolite Y synthesized using standard chemical route is also carried out. This work demonstrated an effective way of preparing environmentally benign porous zeolite Y having high surface area and pore volume that can be useful for catalytic applications.     

单分散核-壳结构介孔二氧化硅微球的合成

在酸性条件下, 采用非离子表面活性剂嵌段共聚物为模板剂, 季铵盐阳离子表面活性剂为共导向剂, 在预先合成的尺寸均一的单分散实心氧化硅微球表面包裹了有序介孔氧化硅层, 进一步通过高温水热处理, 获得了具有良好分散性和均匀尺寸的介孔壳层(孔径7 nm)氧化硅微球(~500 nm). 氧化硅微球外部包裹的介孔壳层具有较大的比表面积(188 m2/g)和孔容(0.23 cm3/g).     

Synthesis of Zeolite ZSM-2 Using Zeolite NaX as Seeds

Introduction Oxygen and nitrogen have been produced tradition-ally by cryogenic distillation of air. Methods for the non-cryogenic separation based on selective adsorption have been developed and commercialized since the 1970s and have led to a cost-effective process for this important separation.1 Low-silica zeolites are important materials for producing oxygen by selective adsorption of nitrogen. In 19891990, a new generation of lith-ium-based adsorbents was developed.2,3 Highly lithium exc…     

Y型分子筛超笼内酞菁锰的合成及对烯烃形状选择性催化环氧化反应研究

酞菁锰(MnPc)具有与四苯基卟啉锰(Mn TPP)相似的大环结构,因此金属酞菁用于烯烃催化环氧化的研究,被认为是对细胞色素P-450体系的模拟。催化剂的活性中心是MnPc与单氧源作用生成单氧锰络合物O=MnPc(O×O络合物),在反应中它除了能催化烯烃环氧化外,还会氧化催化剂本身,或发生二聚作用,使催化剂失活。生物酶具有高的选择性和催化活性,除了与酶活性中心有关外,还与酶中蛋白质的三级结构有关,因此活性中心周围的空间结构对反应的选择性和催化活性是非常重要的。人们用具有特殊结构及性能的Y型分子筛,试图来代替细胞色素P-450酶的蛋白质,希望获得特殊的选择性和高的催化活性。有     

HCl处理后局部有序Y沸石的二次晶化

将商品 Y 型沸石用 HCl 处理后, 运用 X 射线粉末衍射, 透射电镜和扫描电镜、红外光谱及 27Al 和 29Si 魔角旋转核磁共振对其进行了表征. 结果表明, 酸处理后 Y 沸石接近无定形, 其长程有序性遭到破坏, 但还保留部分局部结构. 以不同浓度酸处理后的 Y 沸石为前驱体, 在 150 oC, 0.3 mol/L NaOH 条件下采用蒸汽辅助干胶转化法进行二次晶化, 可以获得丝光沸石, 其相纯度与前驱体的 Si/Al 密切相关. 随 Si/Al 比不同, 所得丝光沸石形貌由纳米针状堆积逐渐向微米单块状变化, 且其比表面积可达 400 m2/g 以上, 微孔孔容在 0.19 cm3/g.     

水热条件下Y型沸石的转晶行为

系统研究了以KOH为结构导向剂,Y型沸石（HY和NaY）在水热条件下转晶为MER型沸石的行为.MER型沸石是硅铝比（Si/Al）在2~3之间且具有四种尺寸8元环孔道（3.1Å×3.5Å,2.7Å×3.6Å,3.4Å×5.1Å,3.3Å×3.3Å）的硅铝沸石分子筛,在小分子催化以及分离方面具有重要的潜在应用.传统水热法合成高结晶度MER型沸石需要7~10 d,将Y型沸石置于KOH的溶液中,经水热处理可在2 d内生成高结晶度的MER型沸石,而水热处理具有等价摩尔组成的无定形硅铝凝胶则得不到高结晶度MER型沸石的纯相.HY沸石可在100和150℃发生转晶,而NaY则只能在150℃发生转晶.KOH/SiO₂比和H₂O/SiO₂比对Y型沸石的转晶行为有重大的影响,只有在最优KOH/SiO₂比和H₂O/SiO₂比条件下才能生成高结晶度的MER型沸石.该转晶合成法显著缩短了MER型沸石的合成周期,对缩短其它有重大工业应用价值的沸石分子筛的合成周期有重要的借鉴意义.