Semi-linear homology -spheres and their equivariant inertia groups

This paper introduces an abelian group for all semi-linear homology -spheres, which corresponds to a known abelian group for all semi-linear homotopy -spheres, where is a compact Lie group and is a -representation with 0$">. Then using equivariant surgery techniques, we study the relation between both and when is finite. The main result is that under the conditions that -action is semi-free and with 0$">, the homomorphism defined by is an isomorphism if , and a monomorphism if . This is an equivariant analog of a well-known result in differential topology. Such a result is also applied to the equivariant inertia groups of semi-linear homology -spheres.

     

On Diophantine definability and decidability in some infinite totally real extensions of

Let be a number field, and a set of its non-Archimedean primes. Then let . Let be a finite set of prime numbers. Let be the field generated by all the -th roots of unity as and . Let be the largest totally real subfield of . Then for any 0$">, there exist a number field , and a set of non-Archimedean primes of such that has density greater than , and has a Diophantine definition over the integral closure of in .

     

regularity of Fourier integral operators with caustics

The caustics of Fourier integral operators are defined as caustics of the corresponding Schwartz kernels (Lagrangian distributions on ). The caustic set of the canonical relation is characterized as the set of points where the rank of the projection is smaller than its maximal value, . We derive the estimates on Fourier integral operators with caustics of corank (such as caustics of type , ). For the values of and outside of a certain neighborhood of the line of duality, , the estimates are proved to be caustics-insensitive.

We apply our results to the analysis of the blow-up of the estimates on the half-wave operator just before the geodesic flow forms caustics.

     

How to make a triangulation of polytopal

We introduce a numerical isomorphism invariant for any triangulation of . Although its definition is purely topological (inspired by the bridge number of knots), reflects the geometric properties of . Specifically, if is polytopal or shellable, then is ``small' in the sense that we obtain a linear upper bound for in the number of tetrahedra of . Conversely, if is ``small', then is ``almost' polytopal, since we show how to transform into a polytopal triangulation by local subdivisions. The minimal number of local subdivisions needed to transform into a polytopal triangulation is at least . Using our previous results [The size of triangulations supporting a given link, Geometry & Topology 5 (2001), 369-398], we obtain a general upper bound for exponential in . We prove here by explicit constructions that there is no general subexponential upper bound for in . Thus, we obtain triangulations that are ``very far' from being polytopal. Our results yield a recognition algorithm for that is conceptually simpler, although somewhat slower, than the famous Rubinstein-Thompson algorithm.

     

Higher homotopy commutativity of -spaces and the permuto-associahedra

In this paper, we give a combinatorial definition of a higher homotopy commutativity of the multiplication for an -space. To give the definition, we use polyhedra called the permuto-associahedra which are constructed by Kapranov. We also show that if a connected -space has the finitely generated mod cohomology for a prime and the multiplication of it is homotopy commutative of the -th order, then it has the mod homotopy type of a finite product of Eilenberg-Mac Lane spaces s, s and s for .

     

Analysing finite locally -arc transitive graphs

We present a new approach to analysing finite graphs which admit a vertex intransitive group of automorphisms and are either locally -arc transitive for or -locally primitive. Such graphs are bipartite with the two parts of the bipartition being the orbits of . Given a normal subgroup which is intransitive on both parts of the bipartition, we show that taking quotients with respect to the orbits of preserves both local primitivity and local -arc transitivity and leads us to study graphs where acts faithfully on both orbits and quasiprimitively on at least one. We determine the possible quasiprimitive types for in these two cases and give new constructions of examples for each possible type. The analysis raises several open problems which are discussed in the final section.

     

Surface superconductivity in dimensions

We study the Ginzburg-Landau system for a superconductor occupying a -dimensional bounded domain, and improve the estimate of the upper critical field obtained by K. Lu and X. Pan in J. Diff. Eqns., 168 (2000), 386-452. We also analyze the behavior of the order parameters. We show that, under an applied magnetic field lying below and not far from , order parameters concentrate in a vicinity of a sheath of the surface that is tangential to the applied field, and exponentially decay both in the normal and tangential directions away from the sheath in the sense. As the applied field decreases further but keeps in between and away from and , the superconducting sheath expands but does not cover the entire surface, and superconductivity at the surface portion orthogonal to the applied field is always very weak. This phenomenon is significantly different to the surface superconductivity on a cylinder of infinite height studied by X. Pan in Comm. Math. Phys., 228 (2002), 327-370, where under an axial applied field lying in-between and the entire surface is in the superconducting state.

     

The flat model structure on

Given a cotorsion pair in an abelian category with enough objects and enough objects, we define two cotorsion pairs in the category of unbounded chain complexes. We see that these two cotorsion pairs are related in a nice way when is hereditary. We then show that both of these induced cotorsion pairs are complete when is the ``flat' cotorsion pair of -modules. This proves the flat cover conjecture for (possibly unbounded) chain complexes and also gives us a new ``flat' model category structure on . In the last section we use the theory of model categories to show that we can define using a flat resolution of and a cotorsion coresolution of .

     

Cut numbers of -manifolds

We investigate the relations between the cut number, and the first Betti number, of -manifolds We prove that the cut number of a ``generic' -manifold is at most This is a rather unexpected result since specific examples of -manifolds with large and are hard to construct. We also prove that for any complex semisimple Lie algebra there exists a -manifold with and Such manifolds can be explicitly constructed.

     

Involutions fixing , II

This paper studies the equivariant cobordism classification of all involutions fixing a disjoint union of an odd-dimensional real projective space with its normal bundle nonbounding and a Dold manifold with a positive even and 0$">. The complete analysis of the equivariant cobordism classes of such involutions is given except that the upper and lower bounds on the codimension of may not be best possible. In particular, we find that there exist such involutions with nonstandard normal bundle to . Together with the results of part I of this title (Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 354 (2002), 4539-4570), the argument for involutions fixing is finished.

     

Spécialisation de la -équivalence pour les groupes réductifs

Soit un groupe réductif défini sur un corps de caractéristique distincte de . On montre que le groupes des classes de -équivalence de ne change pas lorsque l'on passe de au corps des séries de Laurent , c'est-à-dire que l'on a un isomorphisme naturel .

ABSTRACT. Let be a reductive group defined over a field of characteristic . We show that the group of -equivalence for is invariant by the change of fields given by the Laurent series. In other words, there is a natural isomorphism .

     

The cohomology of certain Hopf algebras associated with -groups

We study the cohomology of a locally finite, connected, cocommutative Hopf algebra over . Specifically, we are interested in those algebras for which is generated as an algebra by and . We shall call such algebras semi-Koszul. Given a central extension of Hopf algebras with monogenic and semi-Koszul, we use the Cartan-Eilenberg spectral sequence and algebraic Steenrod operations to determine conditions for to be semi-Koszul. Special attention is given to the case in which is the restricted universal enveloping algebra of the Lie algebra obtained from the mod- lower central series of a -group. We show that the algebras arising in this way from extensions by of an abelian -group are semi-Koszul. Explicit calculations are carried out for algebras arising from rank 2 -groups, and it is shown that these are all semi-Koszul for .

     

A class of -algebras generalizing both graph algebras and homeomorphism -algebras I, fundamental results

We introduce a new class of -algebras, which is a generalization of both graph algebras and homeomorphism -algebras. This class is very large and also very tractable. We prove the so-called gauge-invariant uniqueness theorem and the Cuntz-Krieger uniqueness theorem, and compute the -groups of our algebras.

     

Linking numbers in rational homology -spheres, cyclic branched covers and infinite cyclic covers

We study the linking numbers in a rational homology -sphere and in the infinite cyclic cover of the complement of a knot. They take values in and in , respectively, where denotes the quotient field of . It is known that the modulo- linking number in the rational homology -sphere is determined by the linking matrix of the framed link and that the modulo- linking number in the infinite cyclic cover of the complement of a knot is determined by the Seifert matrix of the knot. We eliminate `modulo  ' and `modulo  '. When the finite cyclic cover of the -sphere branched over a knot is a rational homology -sphere, the linking number of a pair in the preimage of a link in the -sphere is determined by the Goeritz/Seifert matrix of the knot.

     

On the -Minkowski problem

A volume-normalized formulation of the -Minkowski problem is presented. This formulation has the advantage that a solution is possible for all , including the degenerate case where the index is equal to the dimension of the ambient space. A new approach to the -Minkowski problem is presented, which solves the volume-normalized formulation for even data and all .

     

Character sums and congruences with

We estimate character sums with , on average, and individually. These bounds are used to derive new results about various congruences modulo a prime and obtain new information about the spacings between quadratic nonresidues modulo . In particular, we show that there exists a positive integer such that is a primitive root modulo . We also show that every nonzero congruence class can be represented as a product of 7 factorials, , where , and we find the asymptotic formula for the number of such representations. Finally, we show that products of 4 factorials with represent ``almost all' residue classes modulo p, and that products of 3 factorials with are uniformly distributed modulo .

     

How to do a -descent on an elliptic curve

In this paper, we describe an algorithm that reduces the computation of the (full) -Selmer group of an elliptic curve over a number field to standard number field computations such as determining the (-torsion of) the -class group and a basis of the -units modulo th powers for a suitable set of primes. In particular, we give a result reducing this set of `bad primes' to a very small set, which in many cases only contains the primes above . As of today, this provides a feasible algorithm for performing a full -descent on an elliptic curve over , but the range of our algorithm will certainly be enlarged by future improvements in computational algebraic number theory. When the Galois module structure of is favorable, simplifications are possible and -descents for larger are accessible even today. To demonstrate how the method works, several worked examples are included.

     

Subgroups of acting transitively on -tuples

We consider subgroups of -diffeomorphisms of the circle which act transitively on -tuples of points. We show, in particular, that these subgroups are dense in the group of homeomorphisms of . A stronger result concerning -approximations is obtained as well. The techniques employed in this paper rely on Lie algebra ideas and they also provide partial generalizations to the differentiable case of some results previously established in the analytic category.

     

Parametrized principles

We will present a collection of guessing principles which have a similar relationship to as cardinal invariants of the continuum have to . The purpose is to provide a means for systematically analyzing and its consequences. It also provides for a unified approach for understanding the status of a number of consequences of and in models such as those of Laver, Miller, and Sacks.