Some Mechanisms of SiO2 Micro-tubes Formation in Plasma Jet

A chamotte rod is transformed in vapors through chemical reactions, at temperatures exceeding 5000 K. SiO₂ micro-tubes formation is determined by a low vapor concentration and a stable vapor flow, along the streamlines of the plasma jet, and, respectively, by the difusion processes, in non-stationary regime, inside the liquid membrane. A mass of SiO₂ vapor, in the range of 0.5×10^–8 kg–10×10^–8 kg, allows one to obtain micro-tubes with the outer diameter between 6.2 and 28.8 m and the inner diameter between 3.8 and 12.2 m.     

微波等离子体炬原子发射光谱法测定铁增敏效应

针对在低功率下工作的微波等离子体炬原子发射光谱法(MPT-AES)存在对一些元素检测灵敏度较低和抗基体干扰能力弱的问题,以氩气为载气和工作气,研究了表面活性剂及镧盐对MPT-AES测定铁的增敏效应,考察了铁测定的工作条件和共存元素对铁测定的影响.实验结果表明,非离子表面活性剂对铁的测定有抑制作用,而阳离子表面活性剂和镧盐对铁的测定有增敏作用,其中镧盐增敏效果最好.以镧盐为增敏剂,不仅可提高MPT-AES测定铁的灵敏度,还可增加共存元素的允许量.当体系中镧浓度为0.500 mg/m L时,至少可使40倍的锌,30倍的钴,20倍的镍、锰,15倍的钙,10倍的镁、铜和钠不影响铁的测定.与不加镧时相比,铁的发射强度提高了2.4倍,检出限由原来的27.5×10~(-3)μg/m L下降为8.5×10~(-3)μg/m L.将本方法应用于原油样品中铁的测定,所得结果与火焰原子吸收光谱法测定结果一致.     

改进的微波等离子体炬用于原子发射光谱法在线富集测定铁的研究

利用改进的微波等离子体炬（ＭＰＴ）为光源，并以活性炭为吸附剂，进行在线分离富集，研究了原子发射光谱法测定铁。实验结果表明，改进的炬管改善了ＭＰＴ的分析性能。用该分离富集方法测定铁时消除了碱金属和碱土金属的干扰，测得铁的检出限为０００４７ｍｇ／Ｌ。测定工业硅及自来水等实际样品中铁含量时，也得到了令人满意的结果。     

Biological Risk Assessment of Three Dental Composite Materials following Gas Plasma Exposure

Gas plasma is an approved technology that generates a plethora of reactive oxygen species, which are actively applied for chronic wound healing. Its particular antimicrobial action has spurred interest in other medical fields, such as periodontitis in dentistry. Recent work has indicated the possibility of performing gas plasma-mediated biofilm removal on teeth. Teeth frequently contain restoration materials for filling cavities, e.g., resin-based composites. However, it is unknown if such materials are altered upon gas plasma exposure. To this end, we generated a new in-house workflow for three commonly used resin-based composites following gas plasma treatment and incubated the material with human HaCaT keratinocytes in vitro. Cytotoxicity was investigated by metabolic activity analysis, flow cytometry, and quantitative high-content fluorescence imaging. The inflammatory consequences were assessed using quantitative analysis of 13 different chemokines and cytokines in the culture supernatants. Hydrogen peroxide served as the control condition. A modest but significant cytotoxic effect was observed in the metabolic activity and viability after plasma treatment for all three composites. This was only partially treatment time-dependent and the composites alone affected the cells to some extent, as evident by differential secretion profiles of VEGF, for example. Gas plasma composite modification markedly elevated the secretion of IL6, IL8, IL18, and CCL2, with the latter showing the highest correlation with treatment time (Pearson’s r > 0.95). Cell culture media incubated with gas plasma-treated composite chips and added to cells thereafter could not replicate the effects, pointing to the potential that surface modifications elicited the findings. In conclusion, our data suggest that gas plasma treatment modifies composite material surfaces to a certain extent, leading to measurable but overall modest biological effects.     

类风湿性关节炎血浆置换治疗前后微量元素铜铁锌的变化

采用原子吸收分光光度计，对１５例类风湿性关节炎患者血浆中铜、铁、锌的含量进行测定，并与正常对照组作比较。结果显示患者铜明显升高，锌降低，铜／锌比值升高。血浆置换后铜含量及铜／锌比值恢复正常，锌含量有所恢复。证明类风湿性关节炎患者铜、铁、锌的代谢方面存在一定缺陷。血浆置换可纠正这种微量元素代谢异常，从而起到改善免疫功能的作用。     

微波消解-微波等离子体炬原子发射光谱法测定汽油中痕量铜和铁

采用微波消解方法处理汽油样品,用微波等离子体炬原子发射光谱法（MPT—AES）测定消解液中的铜和铁含量。考察了微波功率、载气流量、工作气流量、酸效应、共存离子等实验参数对测定铜和铁的影响,并进行了系统优化,测得铜和铁的检出限分别为2．1ng／mL和22．1ng／ml。线性范围分别为0．01～12μg/mL和0．1～100μg／mL。详细考察了微波消解酸种类及用量,消解温度、运行时间及微波功率等对微波消解的影响。结果表明,各元素测定结果的RSD均小于3．5％,铜的回收率为93％-107％,铁的回收率为92％-106％。与传统的碘-二甲苯-硝酸反萃取处理法相比,此法具有元素损失少,操作简单,无需使用有毒氧化剂,减少污染,改善工作环境等优点,是行之有效的汽油样品预处理方法。     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法同时测定石灰石中铁、铝、钙、镁、硅

采用碱熔法,以移液枪分取试样,用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法同时分析石灰石中铁、铝、钙、镁、硅5种化学成分。在分析过程中对氩气加湿,避免盐析效应的影响,铁、铝、钙、镁、硅的分析谱线分别为259.940,396.152,315.887,279.553,251.611 nm。5种成分在各自的线性范围内均具有良好的线性,线性相关系数在0.990 74~0.999 99之间,方法检出限为0.000 6%~0.005 1%,回收率为95.6%~105.4%,测定结果的相对标准偏差小于1%(n=6)。该方法检出限低、重现性好,适合于石灰石样品中铁、铝、钙、镁、硅的快速检测。     

激光等离子体中超金属氧化物离子LiZnO+的产生

作为一般规律 ,在一些具有热力学稳定性的氧化物分子中 ,氧原子周围共价电子数为 8.自从发现 Li3O和 Li4 O分子以来 ,这类超过 9个或更多共价电子的含金属团簇小分子呈现出来的特殊化学计量比和热力学稳定性引起人们的关注 ,人们称其为超共价分子 (Hypervalent Molecules)或超金属分子(Hypermetallic Molecules) [1～ 4 ] .目前 ,在实验上已发现了 Mn O,Mn S及 Mn C(M=Li,Na,K,Mg;n≥ 3 )等一系列超金属分子 ;在理论上 ,从头计算法已可计算出超金属分子的结构及其稳定性 ,使人们对这些超金属分子的产生与结构有一定的认识 .然而 ,由…     

Abnormal Optical Emissions in a Condensing Monosilane–Argon Gas Jet Activated by Electron Beam Plasma

Emissions from Si, SiH, H, Ar, and Ar⁺ are investigated for a free supersonic jet of a mixture of monosilane 5% (or 10%) with argon; the jet is activated by electron- beam plasma, and all the emissions are measured as a function of pressure, temperature in the gas source, the nozzle-to-electron beam distance, and the beam current. It is found that for certain parameters a process initiates which inhibits radiation of the spectral lines of Si, SiH, and H, and stimulates radiation of some spectral lines of argon atoms. It is shown that these anomalies are connected with a condensation process in the jet and, apparently, they are caused by electron-induced fluorescence of monosilane-containing clusters. The mechanisms for abnormal emissions of argon atoms and electron-excited fragments of monosilane molecule are suggested.     

Spectroscopic Evidence of in situ Formation of a Novel Tetrakis(Tetrazolato)Iron Compound

In an attempt to synthesize the complex [Fe(CN)₅(N₂)]^3- by reaction of Na[Fe(CN)₅(NO)]·2H₂O with azide followed by treatment with NO[SbCl₆], a similar method to that used by Feltham to obtain trans-[RuCl(N₂)(das)₂]Cl₂ from trans-[RuCl(NO)(das)₂]Cl₂, we found spectroscopic evidence that excess azide reacts with the CN^- ligands to generate tetrazolato groups C-coordinated to Fe. Initial results suggest that the obtained compound is sodium azidotris(2H-tetrazolato)(5H-tetrazolato)iron(0). The spectroscopic evidence also indicates that these heterocycles are destroyed by reaction with NO[SbCl₆], and the CN^- groups are regenerated. Here we present the characterization of these complexes by IR, ¹³C NMR, conductivity measurements, elemental analysis and magnetic susceptibility.     

Surface Coordination Chemistry: Corrosion Inhibition by Tetranuclear Cluster Formation of Iron with Salicylaldoxime

A tetranuclear iron cluster is the principal component of the purple coatings produced by treating a mild steel surface with a salicylaldoxime corrosion inhibitor. This was shown by comparison of the spectroscopic data with those of the cluster [{Fe(salH)(HsalH)}₄], which was obtained from FeCl₃ and salicylaldoxime (H₂salH) and has a distorted tetrahedral arrangement of Fe^III atoms coordinated by terminal (1−) and bridging (2−) salicylaldoximate ligands (the central core of the cluster is depicted).     

Plasma Destruction of Ozone Depleting Substances

The literature on the plasma destruction of ozone depleting substances (ODS) such as CCl₂F₂ and CBrF₃ is reviewed, and compared with more recent work on the decomposition of CCl₂F₂ and CBrClF₂ in oxygen and steam. A comprehensive kinetic scheme for the decomposition of CBrClF₂, which includes the decomposition of CCl₂F₂ and CBrF₃, is presented. Simulations performed with this scheme, and experimental results, demonstrate the importance of allowing for the interconversion of ODS in the assessment of plasma destruction devices.Both experimental and modeling results show that the efficiency of operation of a practical plasma ODS destruction device can be quantified in terms of a throughput parameter, the feed to plasma power ratio (units mol (kWh)^-1), or in terms of the thermochemical mixing temperature, T_m, of the plasma, ODS and oxidant. At low throughputs and high T_m, essentially complete destruction may be achieved, with below-ppm quantities of ODS remaining in the plasma exhaust gases. As throughput rises and Tm falls, a threshold is reached above which the ODS residual rises steeply towards the practical working limit set for ODS destruction by the Montreal Protocol (a destruction level of 99.99%). The assessment of this limit must include all ODS in the exhaust gases, weighted for ozone depleting potential. The use of steam, rather than oxygen, as the oxidizing gas gives superior destruction performance.     

ICP—AES卡尔曼滤波同时测定铁基体中26种痕量元素

本文利用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱（ＩＣＰ－ＡＥＳ）多色仪的扫描功能，用Ｃ语言编制了Ｋａｌｍａｎ滤波程度软件包，用该软件包对铁基体中２６种痕量元素进行了回收率试验，并对标准碳素钢样中１３种痕量元素进行了测定，结果表明Ｋａｌｍａｎ滤波完全适用于复杂谱线基体中的多种元素同时分析。     

Generation of Iron Atoms in the Gas Phase by Microwave‐Induced Plasma Afterglows

A fast‐flow reactor technique is described by which Fe atoms can be produced in the gas phase in the afterglow of microwave‐induced plasmas in hydrogen/argon and hydrogen/helium mixtures. When the iron salt FeCl₃(s) was brought into the gas phase by thermal sublimation at temperatures between 360 and 405 K, it was partly converted to Fe atoms by reaction of the gaseous compounds Fe_xCl_3x(g) with hydrogen atoms. The Fe atoms were detected by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). It was shown that sublimation of the salt is the rate‐determining step of the overall plasma‐afterglow atomisation process. Experimental conditions for the generation of Fe atoms suited to kinetic studies start at a temperature of 303 K. In the downstream region the concentration of Fe atoms decays due to diffusion to the reactor wall. Binary diffusion coefficients D_Fe/Ar and D_Fe/He of 231.5±6.6 and 370.0±15.5 cm² s^?1 Torr at 303 K, respectively, were determined.     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定铁基体中稀土元素Nd和Dy

采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定铁基体中的稀土元素Nd和Dy,选择187Re作为内标以校正仪器的信号漂移,Nd和Dy元素的浓度与信号强度线性关系良好,相关系数(r2)分别为0.9998和0.9997,该方法测定Nd和Dy元素的检出限分别为0.02 ng/mL和0.006 ng/mL,平均回收率分别为99.5％和97.4％,测定结果的相对标准偏差分别为3.5％和4.3％.     

Mechanism of the Immobilization of Surfactants on Polymer Surfaces by Means of an Argon Plasma Treatment: Influence of UV Radiation

The mechanism of the immobilization of the surfactant sodium 10-undecenoate (C11(:)) on poly(ethylene) (PE) by means of an argon plasma treatment has been investigated. In particular, the influence of the vacuum ultraviolet (UV) radiation emitted by the argon plasma on the immobilization was studied. For this purpose, PE samples were coated with C11(:) (PE/C11(:) samples) and treated with an argon plasma under different conditions. PE/C11(:) samples were placed inside (glow) and outside (afterglow) the visible region of the plasma. Additionally, polymer samples that were placed in the glow of the plasma were covered with lithium fluoride or quartz crystals. These materials are transparent for electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength longer than 104 and 150 nm, respectively. Derivatization X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy was applied to characterize the modified polymer surfaces. It was demonstrated that vacuum UV radiation with a wavelength shorter than 150 nm made a predominant contribution to the process of immobilization. Under certain conditions it was possible to retain about 30% of the functional groups of the initially coated surfactant layer on PE. Furthermore, the UV radiation accounted for etching of PE and PE/C11(:) surfaces and initiated oxidation of the polymer surfaces.     

Iron Pentacarbonyl Promoted Addition of CO and MeOH to 1,4-Disubstituted-1,3-butadiyne and Formation of Vinylallyl and Butatriene Ligand Systems

Abstract  Photochemical reaction of methanol solution containing 1,4-diferrocenyl- or 1,4-diphenyl-1,3-butadiynes and iron pentacarbonyl into which CO was constantly bubbled, yielded diiron hexacarbonyl complexes of cumulene ligand systems, [η¹: η³-{RCHC₂CR(COOMe)}Fe₂(CO)₆] (1; E, R = Fc, 2; Z, R = Fc, 5; E, R = Ph, 6; Z, R = Ph) and [η³: η³-{RCHC₂CR(COOMe)}Fe₂(CO)₆] (3; E, R = Fc, 7; E, R = Ph), formed by 1,4-addition of –COOMe and –H to the butadiynes. Additionally, diferrole, [Fe(CO)₄{C(O)CC(Fc)C(O)}₂],4 was obtained in minor quantity. Compounds 1, 2, 5 and 6 contain vinylallyl carbon framework which is stabilized by MeOC=O → Fe bond along with η¹: η³ coordinated Fe₂(CO)₆ unit. Compounds 3 and 7 contain butatriene units which are stabilized by η³: η³ coordinated Fe₂(CO)₆ unit. Characterization of the new compounds was carried out by IR and ¹H and ¹³C NMR spectroscopy and by mass spectrometry. Molecular structures of 2–7 were established by single crystal X-ray diffraction methods. Graphical Abstract  Diiron hexacarbonyl complexes of cumulene ligand systems, [η¹: η³ {RCHC₂CR(COOMe)}] (1; E, R = Fc, 2; Z, R = Fc, 5; E, R = Ph, 6; Z, R = Ph) and [η³: η³-{RCHC₂CR(COOMe)}] (3; E, R = Fc, 7; E, R = Ph) were obtained from photochemical reactions between Fe(CO)₅, CO and methanol. Yield of the minor product, the diferrole, 4, was improved when the photoreaction was carried out in hexane in place of methanol      

Overlooked Formation of Carbonate Radical Anions in the Oxidation of Iron(II) by Oxygen in the Presence of Bicarbonate

Iron(II), (Fe(H₂O)₆²⁺, (Fe^II) participates in many reactions of natural and biological importance. It is critically important to understand the rates and the mechanism of Fe^II oxidation by dissolved molecular oxygen, O₂, under environmental conditions containing bicarbonate (HCO₃⁻), which exists up to millimolar concentrations. In the absence and presence of HCO₃⁻, the formation of reactive oxygen species (O₂⋅⁻, H₂O₂, and HO⋅) in Fe^II oxidation by O₂ has been suggested. In contrast, our study demonstrates for the first time the rapid generation of carbonate radical anions (CO₃⋅⁻) in the oxidation of Fe^II by O₂ in the presence of bicarbonate, HCO₃⁻. The rate of the formation of CO₃⋅⁻ may be expressed as d[CO₃⋅⁻]/dt=[Fe^II[[O₂][HCO₃⁻]². The formation of reactive species was investigated using ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H NMR) and gas chromatographic techniques. The study presented herein provides new insights into the reaction mechanism of Fe^II oxidation by O₂ in the presence of bicarbonate and highlights the importance of considering the formation of CO₃⋅⁻ in the geochemical cycling of iron and carbon.     

Effect of the presence of iron vapors on the volumetric emission of Ar/Fe and Ar/Fe/HZ plasmas

The net volumetric emission coefficient was calculated using the escape factor method for Ar/Fe and Ar/H₂/Fe plasmas, at atmospheric pressure, over the temperature range from 3000 K to 30,000 K. The calculation involved 712 lines for Ar I, Ar II, and Ar III, 3481 lines for Fe I, Fe II, and Fe III, and 230 lines for H in the Ar/H₂/Fe case. A semiempirical method was used for the determination of line profiles and line broadening. The results show a strong influence of the presence of even traces of iron vapors at low temperatures where the volumetric emission increases by several orders of magnitude. Special attention is given to self-absorption of the argon resonance lines which prevents the radiation from escaping within a few millimeters from the emission source.     

MPT-AES法测定乳胶手套中的铁、镍、镁、钙、锌

研究了用微波等离子体炬原子发射光谱法(MPT-AES)测定乳胶手套中微量铁、镍、镁、钙、锌元素含量的方法。详细考察了测定铁、镍、镁、钙、锌实验参数,以及介质酸和共存离子干扰情况。实验结果表明,本方法测定铁、镍、镁、钙、锌的检出限分别为77.8、7.55、2.70、276、46.2μg/L,方法的精密度分别为1.52%、0.67%、0.03%、2.53%、0.91%,线性范围分别为0.08~2.5、0.06~2、0.001~3、0.005~2、0.05~1 mg/L,样品测定的加标回收率分别在95%~103%、98%~105%、99%~106%、98%~104%、97%~106%之间。结果令人满意。