On the order of a derivation

In this note we provide the solution to a problem posed by the first author in a previous paper. In particular, we prove a result relating the number of nonzero coefficients of a certain functional equation to the order of any derivation satisfying that equation.     

A generalized numerical range: the range of a constrained sesquilinear form

Let M_n denote the algebra of all nxn complex matrices. For a given q?C with ∣Q∣≤1, we define and denote the q-numerical range of A?M_n by

W_q (A)={x ^? Ay:x,y?C ⁿ , _{x ^? x?y ^? y=1,x ^? y=q} }

The q-numerical radius is then given by r_q (A)=sup{∣z∣:z?W _q (A)}. When q=1,W _q (A) and r _q (A) reduce to the classical numerical range of A and the classical numerical radius of A, respectively. when q≠0, another interesting quantity associated with W _q (A) is the inner q-numerical radius defined by [rtilde] _q (A)=inf{∣z∣:z?W _q (A)}

In this paper, we describe some basic properties of W _q (A), extending known results on the classical numerical range. We also study the properties of r_q considered as a norm (seminorm if q=0) on M_n .Finally, we characterize those linear operators L on M_n that leave W_q ,r_q of [rtilde]_q invariant. Extension of some of our results to the infinite dimensional case is discussed, and open problems are mentioned.     

An alternative energy bound derivation for a generalized Hasegawa-Mima equation

We present an alternative derivation of the H¹-boundedness of solutions to a generalized Hasegawa-Mima equation, first investigated by Grauer (1998) [2]. We apply a Lyapunov function technique similar to the one used for constructing energy bounds for the Kuramoto-Sivashinsky equation. Different from Grauer (1998) [2], who uses this technique in a Fourier space approach, we employ the physical space construction of the Lyapunov function, as developed in Bronski and Gambill (2006) [11]. Our approach has the advantage that it is more transparent in what concerns the estimates and the dominant terms that are being retained. A key tool of the present work, which replaces the algebraic manipulations on the Fourier coefficients from the other approach, is a Hardy-Rellich type inequality.     

关于广义Aluthge变换的数值域

设T是作用在希尔伯特空间H上的有界线性算子,本文研究T的广义Aluthge变换和广义＊-Aluthge变换,并且得到T的广义Aluthge变换的数值域和广义＊-Aluthge变换的数值域相等．     

Nonlinear generalized Lie triple derivation on triangular algebras

Let ? be a commutative ring with identity and let 𝔄 = Tri(𝒜,?,?) be a triangular algebra consisting of unital algebras 𝒜,? over ? and an (𝒜,?)-bimodule ? which is faithful as a left 𝒜-module as well as a right ?-module. In this paper, we prove that under certain assumptions every nonlinear generalized Lie triple derivation G_L:𝔄→𝔄 is of the form G_L = δ+τ, where δ:𝔄→𝔄 is an additive generalized derivation on 𝔄 and τ is a mapping from 𝔄 into its center which annihilates all Lie triple products [[x,y],z].     

On the automatic derivation of a set of geometric formulae

Leta, b, andc be the three sides of a triangleABC, a _i ,b _i ,c _i anda _e ,b _e , c_e be the lengths of the three internal and external bisectors of the three anglesA, B, andC respectively. It is easy to express the bisectors as formulae of the sides. In this paper, we solve a problem proposed by H. Zassenhaus: for any three different bisectors in {a_i, b_i, c_i, a_e, b_e, c_e}, finding the relations between each side of the triangle and the three chosen bisectors. We also prove that given any general values for three different bisectors (internal or external) of a triangle, we can not draw the triangle using a ruler and a pair of compasses alone. The formulae mentioned above are derived automatically using a general method of mechanical formula derivation.This work was partially supported by a Grant from Chinese NSF and by the NSF Grant CCR-917870.     

Recurrence time and range for a generalized random walk

The notions of recurrence time, range, and the limit of probabilities P_k of return to the origin arise in the study of random walks on groups. We examine these notions and develop relationships among them in an ergodic theory setting in which the usual requirement of independence of the increments of the random walk can be relaxed to simply an ergodic requirement. Thus we consider generalized random walks or GRWs. The ergodic theory setting is related to Mackey's virtual group theory in that the GRW determines a virtual group homomorphism (or cocycle). We relate the condition- that the homomorphism is trivial (the cocycle is a coboundary) to the Cesáro limit of P_k. The basic ideas of virtual group theory were established by Mackey and further developed by Ramsay. Our virtual group homomorphism result does not require familiarity with the technicalities of virtual group theory.     

On the codimension of the image of a derivation in a communicative field

Let δ be a derivation in a field K of characteristic 0, with fixed field k. We show that, if K/k is finitely generated, then the codimension, as k-vector space, of K δ + k in K is infinite, while in the infinitely generated case, the said codimension can be any finite non-negative integer.     

On the range of a covering function

Let be a finite system of residue classes with the moduli n₁,…,n_k distinct. By means of algebraic integers we show that the range of the covering function is not contained in any residue class with modulus greater one. In particular, the values of w(x) cannot have the same parity.     

On the range of a regenerative sequence

For a given countable partition of the range of a regenerative sequence {X_n: n ? 0}, let R_n be the number of distinct sets in the partition visited by X up to time n. We study convergence issues associated with the range sequence {R_n: n ? 0}. As an application, we generalize a theorem of Chosid and Isaac to Harris recurrent Markov chains.