镁粉促进Weinreb酰胺和卤代烃的“一锅法”制备酮类反应研究

探索了空气中镁粉促进Weinreb酰胺和卤代烃"一锅法"制备酮类化合物的反应.研究发现一元Weinreb酰胺和卤代烃可在空气中镁粉直接促进下反应,简单高效地得到了相应的酮类化合物.二元Weinreb酰胺和卤代烃在不同的原料配比下反应,得到羰基Weinreb酰胺或二酮类化合物.本方法具有操作简便、合成效率高等优点,为酮类化合物的制备提供了一种简单、高效的合成方法.     

Weinreb酰胺在有机合成中的应用进展

N-甲氧基-N-甲基酰胺,自从被发现后广泛称为Weinreb酰胺(WAs),具有与一般酰胺不同的反应特性.它既可与有机锂或镁试剂反应作为一种优秀酰基化试剂,又可作为醛基等价体.由于其作为合成砌块在大量有机合成反应中被使用,综述了Weinreb酰胺的制备及其新合成应用.     

α-三氟甲基-α-羟基Weinreb酰胺的合成研究

探索了三氟甲基三甲基硅烷与α-羰基Weinreb酰胺选择性三氟甲基化反应,合成了一系列α-三氟甲基-α-羟基Weinreb酰胺类化合物,并考察了其作为三氟甲基合成砌块与有机金属试剂的反应.     

犬尿氨酸羟化酶选择性抑制剂L-3-(邻甲氧基苯甲酰基)丙氨酸的简捷合成

从Boc-保护氨基的天冬氨酸苄酯出发, 通过5步反应简捷地合成了犬尿氨酸羟化酶的选择性抑制剂L-3-(邻甲氧基苯甲酰基)丙氨酸(o-MBA). 其中关键反应为锂试剂对Weinreb酰胺的亲核取代反应.     

空间接近二酰胺的多米诺类型反应及其在有机合成中的应用

发现了空间接近的双温勒伯(Weinreb)酰胺与格氏试剂在温和条件下的单取代反应, 该反应普适性强、 操作简便且产率高, 反应存在动力学控制和热力学控制2种产物. 机理分析表明, 该反应发生了分子内亲核取代反应, 并生成了稳定的单取代中间体, 从而避免了双取代反应的发生. 通过该反应制备了一系列4-取代酞嗪酮类化合物, 合成了基于酞嗪基团的纯红光三环金属化铱(Ⅲ)配合物, 采用该配合物制备的有机电致发光器件表现出高效率[最大外部量子效率(EQE_max)=10.3%]和低浓度猝灭性能.     

叔丁基｛1-[(对苯乙酰基)苯基]环丁基｝氨基甲酸酯的合成

叔丁基[1-(对溴苯基)环丁基]氨基甲酸酯与N-甲基-N-甲氧基-苄酰胺在正丁基锂的作用下,经Weinreb酮合成法合成了抗癌药物二氮杂萘衍生物的关键中间体——叔丁基{1-[(对苯乙酰基)苯基]环丁基}氨基甲酸酯,收率33%,其结构经1H NMR确证。     

镍催化烷基羧酸与对甲苯磺酸甲酯还原偶联甲基化成酮反应

甲基是最小的含碳取代基团,在化合物中起到重要的作用.羧酸转化为酮是有机化学的基础反应,这种官能团变化通常是间接地将羧酸先转化为酰氯或者Weinreb酰胺再由有机金属试剂进行亲核进攻.直接将羧酸转变为酮,需要至少2 equiv.锂试剂,同时反应需要在低温下进行,往往伴随着很多叔醇的副产物.报道了利用镍催化还原偶联的方法,将有机羧酸与对甲苯磺酸甲酯进行还原偶联,一步反应直接由羧酸甲基化成酮,其特点是原料易得,反应条件温和,可以得到中等的收率并且有较好的底物适应性.     

镁粉促进“一锅法”合成α,β-炔基酮类化合物

报道了镁粉(4)促进下,以Weinreb酰胺(1a~1j,1l~1n,1p~1r)、苯乙炔(2)和正丁基溴(3)为原料,"一锅法"合成α,β-炔酮类化合物(5a~5j,5l~5n,5p~5r)的反应。结果表明:在最优反应条件(THF为溶剂,3 1.1 mmol,4 1.25 mmol,混拌2 h;加入2 0.75 mmol,搅拌1 h;加入1 0.5 mmol,于室温反应)下,5a~5j,5l~5n,5p~5r产率45%~86%,其结构经~1H NMR和~(13)C NMR确证。     

芳基脂肪基代异方酰胺的合成

实现了对称芳基代异方酰胺与一些脂肪胺的选择性部分酰胺交换反应，该反应提供了制备既含基又含脂肪基的不对称取代异方酰胺的一种非常有效的通用方法。     

Ru-catalyzed highly enantioselective hydrogenation of α-keto Weinreb amides

Asymmetric hydrogenation of α-keto Weinreb amides has been realized with [Ru((S)-Sunphos)(benzene)Cl]Cl as the catalyst and CeCl 3·7H2O as the additive.A series of enantiopure α-hydroxy Weinreb amides(up to 97% ee) have been obtained.Catalytic amount of CeCl3·7H2O is essential for the high reactivity and enantioselectivity and the ratio of CeCl3·7H2O to [Ru((S)-Sunphos)(benzene)Cl]Cl plays an important role in the hydrogenation reaction.     

Palladium-catalyzed arylation of α,β-unsaturated Weinreb amides

Palladium-catalyzed arylation of α,β-unsaturated Weinreb amides has been examined to obtain β-aryl-α,β-unsaturated Weinreb amides. The chelation between the palladium center of an alkylpalladium intermediate and Weinreb amide moiety facilitated both coordination and insertion steps.     

Asymmetric synthesis of anti-α-substituted β-amino ketones from sulfinimines

Previously unknown, enantiopure, β-amino ketones were prepared in modest yield by addition of lithium reagents to N-sulfinyl anti-α-substituted β-amino Weinreb amides. Grignard reagents failed to add to these Weinreb amides in contrast to the syn-α-substituted isomers which did. The anti-α-substituted β-amino Weinreb amides were prepared by addition of LiN(OMe)Me to the corresponding N-sulfinyl anti-α-substituted β-amino esters because α-alkylation of N-sulfinyl β-amino Weinreb amide enolates resulted in poor diastereoselectivities.     

Tetramic acid and imidazolidinone syntheses via unexpected base induced cyclisations of alanine derived Weinreb amides

Reactions of N-protected derivatives of Weinreb amides of alanine with strong base unexpectedly gave tetramic acid derivatives or an imidazolidinone. The tetramic acid derivatives were obtained by unusual cyclisation of N-acyl N-methoxy derivatives of alanine Weinreb amide upon treatment with potassium hexamethyldisilazide and benzyl bromide. In contrast, treatment of a bromobenzylidine alanine Weinreb amide with potassium hexamethyldisilazide gave rise to cyclisation to form an imidazolidinone.     

Synthesis of various acylating agents directly from carboxylic acids

Abstract

A straightforward synthesis of acylating reagents such as Weinreb and MAP amides from aromatic, aliphatic carboxylic acids, and amino acids using PPh₃/NBS combination is described. A chemo-selective modification of the carboxylic acid group into Weinreb amide in the presence of more reactive aldehydes and ketones is presented. All reactions were performed at ambient temperature under air using undried commercial grade solvent. Furthermore, the present methodology could be performed at a gram scale under inert-free reaction conditions. In addition, 7-azaindoline amide auxiliary (used for catalytic asymmetric aldol- and Mannich-type reactions), which behaves like Weinreb amide is also synthesized under similar reaction conditions.     

Bis(2-methoxyethyl)amino]sulfur trifluoride, the Deoxo-Fluor reagent: application toward one-flask transformations of carboxylic acids to amides

The use of the Deoxo-Fluor reagent is a versatile method for acyl fluoride generation and subsequent one-flask amide coupling. It provides mild conditions and facile purification of the desired products in good to excellent yields. We have explored the utility of this reagent for the one-flask conversion of acids to amides and Weinreb amides and as a peptide-coupling reagent.     

Asymmetric synthesis and applications of beta-amino Weinreb amides: asymmetric synthesis of (S)-coniine

Conjugate addition of lithium (S)-N-benzyl-N-alpha-methylbenzylamide to a range of alpha, beta-unsaturated Weinreb amides proceeds with high levels of diastereoselectivity (>95% de). The beta-amino Weinreb amide products may be transformed into beta-amino ketones via reactions with Grignard reagents, while treatment with DIBAL-H furnishes beta-amino aldehydes. Trapping of the aldehyde via Wadsworth-Emmons reaction and subsequent manipulation offers an efficient route to homochiral delta-amino acid derivatives and 2-substituted piperidines. The application of this methodology for the synthesis of (S)-coniine is demonstrated.     

A Weinreb amide approach to the synthesis of trifluoromethylketones

A novel route to access trifluoromethylketones (TFMKs) from Weinreb amides is reported. This represents the first documented case of the Ruppert-Prakash reagent (TMS-CF(3)) reacting in a constructive manner with an amide and enables synthesis of TMFKs without risk of over-trifluoromethylation.     

Cross-metathesis of allyl halides with olefins bearing an α-alkoxy amide group

We have examined whether the allyl halide cross-metathesis reaction tolerates α-alkoxy amide groups. Ruthenium-based catalysts I-III did not catalyze the cross-metathesis of allyl halides in the presence of an α-alkoxy N,N-dimethylamide group to any appreciable extent, but the reaction could tolerate either a bulky N,N-diisopropylamide or Weinreb amide group. In particular, the Grubbs-Hoveyda-Blechert 2nd generation catalyst (III) efficiently catalyzed the cross-metathesis of allyl halides with olefins bearing a Weinreb amide group.     

Product Control using Substrate Design: Ruthenium‐Catalysed Oxidative C−H Olefinations of Cyclic Weinreb Amides

A new class of Weinreb amides has been developed as directing groups for the ruthenium‐catalysed regioselective oxidative C?H olefination. The new Weinreb amides successfully inhibit the N?O bond reductive cleavage usually associated with the cationic ruthenium system, thereby keeping intact the synthetic utility of Weinreb amides. Mechanistic studies reveal interesting aspects of the directing group capabilities of Weinreb amides when compared to simple amides of similar structures.     

Highly enantioselective phase-transfer-catalyzed alkylation of protected alpha-amino acid amides toward practical asymmetric synthesis of vicinal diamines, alpha-amino ketones, and alpha-amino alcohols

Highly enantioselective alkylation of protected glycine diphenylmethyl (Dpm) amide 1 and Weinreb amide 10 has been realized under phase-transfer conditions by the successful utilization of designer chiral quaternary ammonium salts of type 4 as catalyst. Particularly, remarkable reactivity of the chiral ammonium enolate derived from 1b and 4c allowed the reaction with less reactive simple secondary alkyl halides with high efficiency and enantioselectivity. An additional unique feature of this chiral ammonium enolate is its ability to recognize the chirality of beta-branched primary alkyl halides, which provides impressive levels of kinetic resolution and double stereodifferentiation during the alkylation, allowing for two alpha- and gamma-stereocenters to be controlled. Combined with the subsequent reduction using LiAlH4 in cyclopentyl methyl ether (CPME), this system offers a facile access to structurally diverse optically active vicinal diamines. Furthermore, the optically active alpha-amino acid Weinreb amide 11 can be efficiently converted to the corresponding amino ketone by a simple treatment with Grignard reagents. In addition, reduction and alkylation of the optically active alpha-amino ketone into both syn and anti alpha-amino alcohols with almost complete relative and absolute stereochemical control have been achieved. With (S,S)- and (R,R)-4 in hand, the present approach renders both enantiomers of alpha-amino amides including Weinreb amides readily available with enormous structural variation and also establishes a general and practical route to vicinal diamines, alpha-amino ketones, and alpha-amino alcohols with the desired stereochemistry.