三亚甲基环碳酸酯及2,2-二甲基三亚甲基环碳酸酯开环均聚合*

生物降解聚合物聚三亚甲基环碳酸酯（PTMC）及聚2,2-二甲基三亚甲基环碳酸酯（PDTC）在药物控释载体及其它生物医学技术领域有着良好的应用前景。与脂肪族聚酯不同,PTMC、PDTC降解时,不会产生有害的酸性化合物。PTMC、PDTC主要由三亚甲基环碳酸酯（TMC）及2,2-二甲基三亚甲基环碳酸酯（DTC）开环均聚合制备。本文总结了催化TMC、DTC开环均聚合的不同催化剂及其聚合机理,综述了近年来国内外在TMC、DTC均聚合催化剂开发上的研究进展,并对生物相容性催化剂如稀土催化剂、Ca、Mg、Zn、Fe催化剂以及酶催化剂催化TMC、DTC开环聚合的优缺点进行了比较。     

聚2,2-二甲基三亚甲基碳酸酯与壳寡糖的接枝共聚反应研究

用新戊二醇和三光气为原料,反应生成2,2-二甲基三亚甲基碳酸酯.再以四氢呋喃为溶剂,酶为催化剂引发聚2,2-二甲基三亚甲基碳酸酯（PDTC）与壳寡糖接枝生成接枝共聚物.研究了温度、时间、配比对接枝共聚物的产率和分子量的影响.就产率而言,最佳反应条件是60℃、-NH2/DTC的摩尔比值为1∶10、36 h、DTC/酶的质量比值为200;就重均分子量而言,最佳反应条件是60℃、-NH2/DTC摩尔比为1∶10、36 h、DTC/酶质量比值为150.对产品进行红外光谱、凝胶色谱与溶解性能测试.     

聚三亚甲基碳酸酯的研究进展

聚三亚甲基碳酸酯具有良好的生物降解性能及生物相容性,是一种重要的生物降解医用高分子材料,在生物医用领域具有较大的应用前景。本文结合近年来的研究进展,综述了阳离子开环聚合、阴离子开环聚合、配位聚合、酶促开环聚合以及微波开环聚合等方法在聚三亚甲基碳酸酯制备过程中的应用,总结了聚三亚甲基碳酸酯的分子量与物理性能的关系,并重点讨论了聚三亚甲基碳酸酯的体内外降解性能,详细描述了分子量及脂肪酶对聚三亚甲基碳酸酯降解行为的影响,最后总结了聚三亚甲基碳酸酯在生物医用领域的应用。     

三亚甲基碳酸酯基响应性脂肪族聚碳酸酯的研究进展

脂肪族聚碳酸酯是一类可生物降解、生物相容性的材料,在生物医药方面引起广泛关注。两亲性脂肪族聚碳酸酯聚合物中,聚碳酸酯部分凭借其疏水性能处于胶束内核部位,且该部分通过物理包覆、化学键合等方式使聚合物与药物相结合,提升了响应环境下药物运输与释放的方式与能力。因此,本工作对近年来响应性脂肪族聚碳酸酯的研究进展进行了综述,主要阐述了具有外环境刺激响应(pH、光、温度和氧化还原)脂肪族聚碳酸酯的合成、响应原理、在药物传递和释放方面的应用。     

聚三亚甲基碳酸酯的改性研究

聚三亚甲基碳酸酯具有良好的生物降解性能及生物相容性,是一种重要的生物降解医用高分子材料,在生物医用领域具有巨大的潜在应用。本文结合近几年的研究进展,综述了聚三亚甲基碳酸酯改性的三大类方法,详细介绍了聚三亚甲基碳酸酯的功能化方法与途径、讨论了聚三亚甲基碳酸酯与不同类别单体共聚改性的研究现状及性能变化,并总结了共混改性对聚三亚甲基碳酸酯性能的影响,最后介绍了改性后的聚三亚甲基碳酸酯在生物医用领域的应用。     

聚三亚甲基碳酸酯的生物相容性研究

以实验室自制的聚三亚甲基碳酸酯(PTMC)为研究对象,通过测定聚三亚甲基碳酸酯在体外酶解过程中降解液pH变化,考察其在降解过程中是否产生酸性降解产物;通过MTS法考察聚三亚甲基碳酸酯的体外细胞毒性;通过HE染色的方法考察聚三亚甲基碳酸酯在大鼠体内埋植部位的皮肤刺激性,进而考察聚三亚甲基碳酸酯的生物相容性。结果表明:PTMC在降解过程中不产生酸性降解产物,可避免埋植部位无菌炎症的产生。同时不同分子量的PTMC可以存在于皮下组织而不会造成伤害,因此聚三亚甲基碳酸酯具有良好的生物相容性,可安全植入体内。     

离子液体支载稀土催化剂催化 2,2-二甲基-三亚甲基碳酸酯均聚及其与ε-己内酯的共聚

首次合成了离子液体支载稀土催化剂,并探讨了其催化2,2-二甲基-三亚甲基碳酸酯(DTC)均聚及其与ε-己内酯(ε-CL)的共聚,结果表明该新型催化剂能有效地催化DTC的均聚及其与ε-CL的共聚.研究了不同稀土以及加料顺序等反应条件对聚合的影响,发现轻稀土的催化活性比重稀土高,其中离子液体支载La催化剂的催化活性最高,而通过控制不同的加料顺序可以制备DTC和ε-CL的无规及嵌段共聚物.对共聚物结构进行了表征.     

苄醇存在下脂肪叔胺催化内酯开环聚合

为研究脂肪叔胺结构对内酯开环聚合规律的影响,以三乙胺( TEA)、N,N,N′,N′-四甲基乙二胺(TMEDA)、N,N,N′,N″,N″-五甲基二亚乙基三胺(PM DTA)3种不同结构的叔胺催化碳酸三亚甲基酯(TMC)和左旋丙交酯( L-LA)开环聚合.结果显示,在55℃的THF溶液中,以苄醇为引发剂,3种叔胺均能催...     

环状碳酸酯低聚物的合成及其开环聚合的研究

环状碳酸酯低聚物的合成及其开环聚合的研究陈雨萍魏玮李革（中国科学院化学研究所工程塑料国家重点实验室北京１０００８０）关键词环状碳酸酯低聚物，聚碳酸酯，开环聚合环状单体的开环聚合在合成高聚物方面具有突出的优点，即在聚合过程中没有副产物、热效应低、聚合...     

（S）-2,2-二甲基环丙烷甲酰胺合成研究进展

西司他丁是目前临床上广泛使用的广谱抗菌药泰能的重要组分,（S）-2,2-二甲基环丙烷甲酰胺是合成西司他丁的关键中间体,目前已有多种合成方法见诸文献.综述了近年来（S）-2,2-二甲基环丙烷甲酰胺的各种合成方法,对其进行了简要评述,并对今后的发展方向进行了展望.     

Rare Earth Complex Initiated Ring-Opening Polymerization of 2,2-Dimethyltrimethylene Carbonate

Aliphatic polycarbonate is a series of useful biodegradable materials attracting more interests recently. Poly(2,2-dimethyltrimethylene carbonate) (polyDTC) has been studied for a long time. Polymerization of DTC can be catalyzed by alkyl metals1, trifluoromethanesulfonic acid and its esters2, alcohol/methylaluminum diphenolate system3 and etc. Herein tris(2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenoxo) lanthanides (Ln(OAr)3, Ln=La, Nd) are firstly applied to initiate the polymerization of DTC. Ln(O…     

烯丙基氯化镁引发己二酸酐开环聚合

以烯丙基氯化镁引发己二酸酐开环聚合制备功能化的聚己二酸酐。考察了引发剂、温度、溶剂对聚合反应的影响.核磁端基分析表明开环聚合反应可能是通过酰氧键断裂,按“配位－插入”机理进行的。     

Permanganate-Pyruvic Acid Initiated Polymerization of Methacrylamide

A combined system of potassium permanganate and pyruvic acid was found to initiate radical polymerization of vinyl monomers, especially acrylamides. From kinetic investigations of the polymerization of methacrylamide, it was found that this initiator induced a radical polymerization which proceeded with an overall activation energy of 15.7 kcal/mol. The rate is given by

R_p=K[methacrylamide] ¹ [pyruvic acid]° [KMnO₄]¹ in aqueous and water-DMF mediums. In the presence of DMF the initial rate was found to decrease but the kinetic equation remained the same. The investigations were done at 35 ± 0.2°C in nitrogen.

Besides the clinical importance of pyruvic acid found in blood, urine, muscles, etc., it is a good initiator in conjunction with KMnO₄ for vinyl polymerization. It is therefore interesting to study the polymerization of methacrylamide using the KMnO₄-pyruvic acid redox couple in aqueous systems in order to find whether this system follows the same kinetic features of vinyl polymerization by a radical mechanism.     

Vinyl Polymerization Initiated by Peroxydiphosphate. XI. Polymerization of Methyl Methacrylate Initiated by Peroxydiphosphate-Tartaric Acid Redox System

The polymerization of methyl methacrylate was studied using the peroxydiphosphate and tartaric acid redox system as the initiator. The rate of polymerization increases with increasing peroxydiphosphate concentration and the initiator exponent was computed to be 0.5. The rate of polymerization increases with increasing monomer concentration and the monomer exponent was computed to be unity. The reaction was carried out at three different temperatures, and the overall activation energy was computed to be 3.80 kcal/mol. The effect of certain surfactants on the rate of polymerization has been investigated and a suitable kinetic scheme has been proposed.     

Polymerization of Methacrylamide Initiated by Ceric Ion-Citric Acid Redox System

Homogeneous polymerization of methacrylamide initiated by the ceric ammonium sulfate-citric acid (CA) redox pair has been investigated and reported at 35 ± 0.2°C under nitrogen atmosphere. The initiation was caused by the free radical generated by the decomposition of the complex formed between ceric ion and citric acid. The rate of monomer disappearance was found to be proportional to [CA]^0.4, [Ce^0.4+]^0.65, and [Monomer]¹ The rate of ceric ion disappearance was directly proportional to the ceric ion concentration but independent of the monomer concentration. The initial rate was independent of [H₂SO₄]. The activation energy of the system was found to be 21.4 kJ/mol.     

New Segmented Copolymers by Combination of Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization and Ring Opening Polymerization

Atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) and ring opening polymerization (ROP) were combined to synthesize various polymers with various structures and composition. Poly(ε-caprolactone)-b-poly(n-octadecyl methacrylate), PCL-PODMA, was prepared using both sequential and simultaneous polymerization methods. Kinetic studies on the simultaneous process were performed to adjust the rate of both polymerizations. The influence of tin(II) 2-ethylhexanoate on ATRP was investigated, which led to development of new initiation methods for ATRP, i.e., activators (re)generated by electron transfer (AGET and ARGET). Additionally, block copolymers with two crystalizable blocks, poly(ε-caprolactone)-b-poly(n-butyl acrylate)-b-poly(n-octadecyl methacrylate), PCL-PBA-PODMA, block copolymers for potential surfactant applications poly(ε-caprolactone)-b-poly(n-octadecyl methacrylate-co-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate), PCL-P(ODMA-co-DMAEMA), and a macromolecular brush, poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate)-graft-poly(ε-caprolactone), PHEMA-graft-PCL, were prepared using combination of ATRP and ROP.     

Aqueous Redox Polymerization of Acrylamide Initiated by Lactic Acid/Permanganate

Acrylamide was polymerized in aqueous solution at 35 ± 0.2°C with the redox pair potassium permanganate/lactic acid. The kinetics of polymerization was followed iodometrically. The effect of monomer, potassium permanganate, and lactic acid concentration and temperature on the rate of polymerization was studied. The dependence of the number-average degree of polymerization on the initial rate of polymerization and temperature was also determined.     

己内酯和丙交酯的微波辅助开环聚合反应

己内酯和丙交酯在异辛酸亚锡存在下经微波辐照 5min可分别获得分子量 1 2 0kg·mol- 1的聚己内酯和 2 2 5kg·mol- 1 的聚乳酸。苯甲酸可作为己内酯微波辅助开环聚合的引发剂 ,所得聚己内酯的分子量达到 44 8kg·mol- 1 。通过混有布洛芬的己内酯的微波开环聚合可直接制备以聚己内酯为基质的药物控释系统。己内酯和丙交酯在微波辐照下的热行为对它们的开环聚合反应有重要影响。     

稀土络合催化炔烃和开环聚合新进展

本文综述了我国首创开拓的稀土络台催化聚合在炔烃和开环聚合方面的新进展.用稀土络合催化剂可以使乙炔、苯乙块在室温下聚合制备高顺式含量和抗氧化稳定性良好的聚炔烃膜;可以使环氧乙烷、环氧丙烷、环氧氯丙烷和环硫丙烷聚合制备高分子量聚合物;可以使丙交酯聚合制备可控分子量聚合物.