自准散射板干涉仪

一、前言自从1953年Buch发明散射板干涉仪以来,它在理论研究和实际应用方面都受到了相当的重视和发展。散射板干涉仪具有结构紧凑、抗振性能好、不需要参考表面、检测口径大等优点,对检测凹球面镜、透镜、平面镜等具有旋转对称性并能形成自准点的各种光学元件或光学系统特别合适;根据折射率的差异,还能检测透明物体的均匀度。     

微腔旋转对耦合腔光波导群速度的影响

本文利用多重散射方法和时域有限差分方法,理论研究了微腔旋转对二维正方晶格光子晶体耦合腔光波导群速度的影响.研究结果表明,通过旋转微腔可以造成传播模的模式分裂,从而实现群速度的降低.当微腔旋转角度为45°时,传播模的群速度最小,两个传播模的群速度分别达到了0.0016倍和0.0009倍于真空光速,与微腔未旋转时相比降低了一个数量级.上述两种传播模群速度的差别是由传播模的空间对称性决定的. 关键词： 二维光子晶体 耦合腔光波导 群速度     

群论在对称结构电磁散射问题中的应用

用T矩阵方法计算电磁散射问题时, 如果散射体的几何结构满足点群对称性, 即在群变换作用下保持不变, 可以利用群论找出散射体的几何对称性和T矩阵元的对称性之间的关系, 通过预知部分矩阵元的精确值以及 它们之间的关系来达到数值求解过程 中节约运行时间的目的. 关键词： 群论 对称结构 电磁散射 对称算子     

水中气泡光散射动态特征及其与水粒光散射特征的对比研究

基于VirtualLab虚拟仿真软件建立了粒径在几十到几百微米内不同大小和形状的气泡模型。对其在平面光照射下的散射进行了仿真模拟,得到了气泡的前向、后向光散射特征分布,将结果与水粒的光散射特征进行比较分析,发现:同一气泡前向散射远大于后向散射,但两者拥有十分相近的变化趋势。光源和气泡大小影响气泡远场散射幅值的大小、振荡频率、角宽度及次极大与主极大的比值。气泡结构的对称性影响着气泡远场散射的对称性。气泡与水粒的远场散射特性既联系又区别。该研究的结果可以为气泡的分析检测提供了一定的理论依据。     

环形聚乙炔分子桥的电导研究

我们选择了由40个CH基团组成的环形聚乙炔链作为分子桥,基于Landauer-Buttiker理论,利用求解散射波函数的方法,研究了这种环状聚乙炔分子桥与金属多端连接的电导随能量的变化关系.结果表明,在给定入射端的条件下,电导在正负能量上是对称的,当各个端口满足旋转对称性时,相对于入射端对称的两个出射端的电导相同.当分子桥耦合较弱时,电导对能量的变化相当敏感.     

一款小角X射线散射测量专用样品旋转装置

在小角X射线散射实验中经常需要对各向异性结构样品进行旋转。针对传统样品架为固定方式,旋转调整困难的特点,本文设计了一款小角X射线散射专用的样品旋转装置。该装置主要由步进电机、高精度回转轴承、传动系统、样品架、控制器及配套软件等组成,它具有结构简单、回转精度高、可远程控制的特点。在北京同步辐射小角X射线散射实验站应用该样品旋转装置对石墨纤维样品进行了测试,验证了该装置的可行性。     

应变作用下EuTiO3材料磁性的格林函数理论研究

基于自旋波和格林函数理论,研究了低温下二维应变诱导的EuTiO3在铁电四方相下的磁性性质,主要讨论了在铁电四方相下Eu离子在铁磁性和反铁磁性有序时系统沿不同高对称性方向的自旋波散射和磁化。我们发现施加外加应变不仅可改变晶格结构的对称性,还可以通过改变电子自旋之间的交换耦合作用,进而改变该材料的磁性散射和磁化等。     

应变作用下EuTiO_3材料磁性的格林函数理论研究

基于自旋波和格林函数理论,研究了低温下二维应变诱导的EuTiO_3在铁电四方相下的磁性性质,主要讨论了在铁电四方相下Eu离子在铁磁性和反铁磁性有序时系统沿不同高对称性方向的自旋波散射和磁化.我们发现施加外加应变不仅可改变晶格结构的对称性,还可以通过改变电子自旋之间的交换耦合作用,进而改变该材料的磁性散射和磁化等.     

旋转对二维正方晶格介质柱内空结构光子晶体禁带的影响

采用平面波展开的方法计算了三种旋转操作下二维正方晶格各向异性材料(Te)介质柱内空结构光子晶体TE,TM模式能带.讨论了三种旋转操作对TE,TM模式带隙及完全光子禁带的影响.发现TM模式高频带隙与结构的旋转对称性有着密切的关系.而TE模式的带隙不仅受到晶体旋转对称性的影响同时也受到介质在x-y平面分布情况的影响. 关键词： 二维光子晶体 内空结构 旋转操作 光子带隙     

旋转对二维正方晶格介质柱内空结构光子晶体禁带的影响

采用平面波展开的方法计算了三种旋转操作下二维正方晶格各向异性材料(Te)介质柱内空结构光子晶体TE,TM模式能带.讨论了三种旋转操作对TE,TM模式带隙及完全光子禁带的影响.发现TM模式高频带隙与结构的旋转对称性有着密切的关系.而TE模式的带隙不仅受到晶体旋转对称性的影响同时也受到介质在x-y平面分布情况的影响.     

Brillouin light scattering on the two quasi-transverse waves in rotated sample of the LiNbO3 crystal

The paper presents results for the Brillouin light scattering experiment, using a LiNbO₃ crystal, and identifies Brillouin scattering switch from one quasi-transverse acoustic branch to the second one during sample rotation. Measured hypersonic frequencies of quasi-transverse acoustic waves observed in different crystallographic directions are examined. A selection rule for the switching phenomenon is described.     

Anharmonic dynamical behaviour in bcc zirconium

We present inelastic neutron scattering measurements of the low energy and strongly damped phonons in the high temperature bcc phase of zirconium. These phonons were investigated at different scattering vectors but equivalent phonon wave vectors in different Brillouin zones or along different but equivalent paths in the same Brillouin zone. Neither the observed differences in intensity nor in line shapes can be explained by the coherent one-phonon scattering law . This leads to an apparent violation of the fundamental symmetry of lattice dynamics. Taking into account the strong anharmonicity of these phonons, interferences between one- and multi-phonon scattering are held responsible for these effects. Measurements in different scattering planes reveal that due to the symmetry of the bcc lattice, these effects can only be observed in certain directions. Received: 24 December 1997 / Received in final form: 9 March 1998 / Accepted: 19 March 1998     

Tunable reducibility of Brillouin zone and bandgap width in elliptical nanowire arrays

Rotating elliptical nanowire arrays as two-dimensional photonic crystals has been proposed and studied in this Letter. The analysis of the four lowest energy bands and the first bandgap width of some examples illustrates that the rotation and configuration of the primitive cell can have effects on the reducibility of the Brillouin zone.As the central element's orientation changes, the irreducible Brillouin zone could be expanded to the whole first Brillouin zone. Special attention has been paid to the nanowire arrays with adjacent elements perpendicular to each other, and the irreducible Brillouin zone unexpectedly retracted back to the 1/8 of the first Brillouin zone though the symmetry of elements is lower than that of the square lattice. Meanwhile, the first bandgap width of the perpendicular array can be adjusted by the rotation of each primitive element.     

Lattice-vibrational symmetry of ZnP2 and ZnAs2 in the monoclinic system

The vibrational representation is decomposed into irreducible representations in the symmetry points of the Brillouin zone. The selection rules are found for a one-phonon IR absorption and Raman scattering of light. In the IR absorption, 17 frequencies are active with polarization along the second-order axis and 16 frequencies are active with a perpendicular polarization. There are 36 frequencies active in the Raman scattering. The basis vectors of the normal vibrations are found for symmetry points of the Brillouin zone and the nature of the long-wave vibrations is investigated. The decomposition of the direct product of irreducible representations is found (selection rules).Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 5, pp. 75–78, May, 1976.The authors thank G. F. Karavaev and N. V. Kudryavtsev for consultations.     

Band diagram of spin waves in a two-dimensional magnonic crystal

The dispersion curves of collective spin-wave excitations in a magnonic crystal consisting of a square array of interacting saturated nanodisks have been measured by Brillouin light scattering along the four principal directions of the first Brillouin zone. The experimental data are successfully compared to calculations of the band diagram and of the Brillouin light scattering cross section, performed through the dynamical matrix method extended to include the dipolar interaction between the disks. We found that the fourfold symmetry of the geometrical lattice is reduced by the application of the external field and therefore equivalent directions of the first Brillouin zone are characterized by different dispersion relations of collective spin waves. The dispersion relations are explained through the introduction of a bidimensional effective wave vector that characterizes each mode in this magnonic metamaterial.     

Bursting behaviours in cascaded stimulated Brillouin scattering

Stimulated Brillouin scattering is studied by numerically solving the Vlasov-Maxwell system. A cascade of stimulated Brillouin scattering can occur when a linearly polarized laser pulse propagates in a plasma. It is found that a stimulated Brillouin scattering cascade can reduce the scattering and increase the transmission of light, as well as introduce a bursting behaviour in the evolution of the laser-plasma interaction. The bursting time in the reflectivity is found to be less than half the ion acoustic period. The ion temperature can affect the stimulated Brillouin scattering cascade, which can repeat several ×at low ion temperatures and can be completely eliminated at high ion temperatures. For stimulated Brillouin scattering saturation, higher-harmonic generation and wave-wave interaction of the excited ion acoustic waves can restrict the amplitude of the latter. In addition, stimulated Brillouin scattering cascade can restrict the amplitude of the scattered light.     

Detecting submerged objects by Brillouin scattering

The principle of detecting submerged objects by Brillouin scattering is analyzed. It is based on testing the frequency shift rather than the intensity of the scattered signal. Experiments based on the principle are carried out. An actual detecting system for practical applications is designed, and the experimental results obtained by using the system are given. The experimental results show that the method of Brillouin scattering possesses several advantages compared to the method of testing the signal intensity. The conclusion is that Brillouin scattering is a good method for detecting submerged objects. PACS 42.68.Wt; 42.79.Qx; 78.35.+c     

基于宽带光源和自外差检测的布里渊光时域反射温度传感系统

为简化系统结构、减小相干瑞利噪声对系统性能的影响,提出了一种采用宽带光源的瑞利和布里渊散射自外差检测布里渊光时域反射温度传感系统.分析了瑞利和布里渊自外差检测原理,研究了布里渊频移和自外差信号功率与光纤温度和应变的关系.设计并搭建采用宽带光源的自外差检测布里渊光时域反射温度传感系统,获得了常温下沿光纤分布的自外差信号功率谱及不同温度时加温段光纤的功率谱,验证了布里渊频移和自外差信号相对功率变化随温度的线性增加关系.通过实验数据获得的布里渊频移和相对功率变化的温度系数分别为1.07±0.01MHz/℃和(0.37±0.09)%/℃.本文的研究结果为基于瑞利和布里渊自外差检测布里渊光时域反射传感系统的温度和应变同时测量提供了理论和实验依据.     

Neuromorphic Calculations Using Lateral Arrays of Magnetic Microstructures with Broken Translational Symmetry

A possibility to control the characteristics of spin waves in a lateral array of magnetic microstructures with broken translational symmetry is demonstrated. The regimes of spatial and frequency selection of the spinwave signal are studied by Brillouin light scattering and by numerical simulations. The micromagnetic simulation is used to study the effect of geometric parameters on the characteristics of dipole-coupled spin waves. The specific features of the coupling between the transverse modes propagating in the system with broken translational symmetry are revealed. The results can be applied to develop multiplexers, power dividers, couplers, and the ultrahigh frequency signal processing circuits using the neuromorphic principles, which are based on the lateral arrays of magnetic microstructures.     

缀饰格子中时间反演对称破缺的量子自旋霍尔效应

<正>研究了缀饰格子中的量子自旋霍尔效应,模型中同时考虑了Rashba自旋轨道耦合和交换场的作用.缀饰格子具有简立方对称性,以零能平带和单狄拉克锥结构为主要特点.在缀饰格子中,不论是实现量子自旋霍尔效应还是量子反常霍尔效应,都需要一个不为零的内禀自旋轨道耦合作用来打开一个完全的体能隙,这与石墨烯等六角格子模型有着很大的不同.在交换场破坏了时间反演对称性的情况下,以自旋陈数为标志的量子自旋霍尔效应仍然能够存在,边缘态和极化率的相关结果也证明了这一结论.结果表明自旋陈数比z2拓扑数在表征量子自旋霍尔效应方面有着更广泛的适用范围,相应的结论为利用磁场控制量子自旋霍尔效应提出了一个理论模型和依据.