合成条件对磷钨酸负载的金属有机框架催化剂氧化脱硫性能的影响

通过一步水热合成法制备了大比表面积、高脱硫活性的磷钨酸(HPW)负载的金属有机框架HPW@MIL-101(Cr)催化剂,对其进行了FT-IR、XRD和氮吸附等表征,并研究了合成时间、合成温度、酸碱度及HPW负载量等参数对催化剂脱硫性能的影响。结果表明,随着合成时间的延长、合成温度的提高,HPW@MIL-101(Cr)孔道有序度提高;合成温度低于等于140℃时,不能形成M IL-101(Cr)晶体结构;酸性合成条件合成的HPW@M IL-101(Cr)的孔道有序度降低;随着HPW负载量的增加,HPW@MIL-101(Cr)的催化性能呈现先升高后降低的趋势。在12 h、220℃和中性条件下制备得到的负载量为3.5 g的HPW@MIL-101(Cr)催化剂具有最佳脱硫活性;在模拟油20 mL、催化剂用量0.24 g、氧硫比为8和50℃条件下反应120 min,对苯并噻吩、二苯并噻吩和4,6-二甲基二苯并噻吩脱硫率分别为99%、100%和99%;与HPW相比,苯并噻吩脱硫率提高了2.4倍。     

微胶囊碳酸氢钠合成工艺及热分解特性的研究

利用环氧树脂(EP)对碳酸氢钠(SB)进行包覆合成微胶囊碳酸氢钠,通过红外光谱仪(FTIR)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、差示扫描量热计(DSC)和热重分析仪(TG)等表征手段,分析了合成反应温度、环氧树脂与碳酸氢钠的质量比对微胶囊碳酸氢钠的结构、表面形貌特征以及热分解特性的影响.结果表明:当反应温度为70℃,环氧树脂与...     

稀土(镧)硫醇盐的合成与表征

以三氧化二镧为原料, 经过醇化, 制备了三(月桂硫醇)镧及三(巯基乙酸异辛酯)镧, 并对合成方法进行了优化. 采用热失重分析、FTIR光谱、感应耦合等离子色谱、元素分析和1H NMR对目标产物进行了表征. 确定合成稀土异丙醇盐最佳反应条件为: 反应温度80 ℃, 反应时间2 h; 合成三(月桂硫醇)镧的反应条件为反应温度110 ℃, 反应时间2 h, 月桂硫醇的摩尔分数过量24％; 合成三(巯基乙酸异辛酯)镧的反应条件为反应温度60 ℃, 反应时间2 h, 月桂硫醇过量32％.     

碳量子点诱导的多形碳酸钙粒子矿化及其形成机理

以在不同的热处理温度下合成的具有可变化学结构的碳点(CDs)为添加剂调控合成矿物碳酸钙。在室温条件下合成了花生状、哑铃状和球形碳酸钙颗粒。用扫描电镜(SEM)、傅里叶红外光谱仪(FTIR)、荧光光谱仪(PL)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)对样品进行了表征,详细研究了碳酸钙双球粒子的生长过程。CDs表面随处理温度可调变的极性官能团(主要为羧基、醛基、羟基等)被认为是导致合成碳酸钙粒子形貌变化的原因。对碳酸钙双球粒子的生长机理研究表明,Ostwald成熟和定向聚集机制是在CDs存在下最终双球粒子形貌形成的驱动力。     

阳离子表面活性剂体系中纳米TiO2的合成及表征

在阳离子表面活性剂双十八烷基二甲基氯化铵(D1821)的水溶液中,以钛酸四丁酯为钛源,在室温下合成了具有日光催化性能的纳米TiO2,考察了合成条件(反应温度、pH值、焙烧温度)对产物结构的影响。通过x射线衍射、透射电镜对所合成的样品进行表征,并对非离子表面活性剂壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚(NPE-10)进行了光催化降解性能研究。结果表明:反应温度为20℃,pH=7,焙烧温度为500℃时所合成的样品颗粒分散均匀,晶型完整,而且形成了锐钛矿和金红石的混晶结构。日光照射下,这种纳米TiO2对NPE-10表现出了较好的光催化性能,3h的降解率达到了80%。     

镁皂石的水热合成与表征研究

采用优化的水热合成法,在473K反应2h合成了具有优良长程有序性的2：1型三八面体蒙皂石(皂石)。XRD分析表明合成产物具有典型的皂石层状结构。TEM测试发现,不同温度下合成的皂石具有类似的形态,但其层状片大小随着合成温度的提高而增大。不同温度(423K,473K,523K,573K)下水热合成实验结果表明,473K是合成具有良好层状有序结构皂石的临界温度。不同层电荷合成皂石对于活性染料(MB)的等温吸附实验说明吸附过程包含离子交换和絮凝机理。相对于天然蒙脱石,合成皂石对于离子性染料具有更大的吸附容量和作用力。     

固相烧结法制备锂离子电池正极材料Li_2FeP_2O_7及其电化学性能研究（英文）

介绍了一种先冷冻干燥后固相烧结制备正极材料Li_2FeP_2O_7的方法.利用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)对材料的组成和形态进行表征,并通过循环伏安曲线(CV)和电化学阻抗谱(EIS)研究了Li_2FeP_2O_7材料的电化学性能.研究发现,合成Li_2FeP_2O_7的最佳温度为590℃,此温度下反应较完全且产物杂质较少,1.6C倍率下的放电比容量达到55 mA·h·g~(-1),明显高于其它温度下合成样品的放电比容量.该温度下合成的Li_2FeP_2O_7还具有低阻抗和较大的交换电流密度,说明这种合成方式有利于提高锂离子在Li_2FeP_2O_7中的扩散.     

铜纳米粒子的制备及其对环境污染物的催化降解

本文以CuCl_2·2H_2O为铜源,在室温下合成了新的铜纳米粒子,并用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、场发射扫描电镜(FESEM)以及透射电子显微镜(TEM)对合成的产物进行分析和表征。研究发现在合成的过程中氨水和苯酚的加入对铜纳米粒子的形成具有一定的保护作用,使合成的铜纳米粒子不易被氧化;同时探究了铜纳米粒子作为催化剂降解环境中的有机污染物,如对硝基苯酚(4-NP)、罗丹明B(Rh B)、亚甲基蓝(MB)和甲基橙(MO),和不同反应温度下催化剂对降解环境污染物的影响。运用朗伯比尔定律和准一级动力学公式计算不同温度下的降解速率及反应速率常数,结果显示合成的铜纳米粒子具有很好的催化性能。     

光化学合成快速响应聚(N,N-二甲基丙烯酰胺-co-N-异丙基丙烯酰胺)水凝胶

通过光化学合成方法分别在高温(50℃)和室温(28℃)下实现了N,N-二甲基丙烯酰胺(DMAA)和N-异丙基丙烯酰胺(NIPAm)的交联共聚,制备了两种不同结构的P(DMAA-co-NIPAm)共聚物水凝胶.对两种温度下制备的P(DMAA-co-NIPAm)共聚物水凝胶的网络结构、溶胀与消溶胀速率和温度敏感性等方面进行了比较研究.结果发现,50℃下制备的P(DMAA-co-NIPAm)共聚物凝胶具有较为疏松的网络结构和相对较快的溶胀速率及温度响应特性.光化学合成方法较传统的热聚合制备方法具有简便、快捷的特点,合成过程仅需2 min.     

水热法制备磷酸镍及其光催化性能评价

采用水热合成法以Ni(NO3)2·6H2O为镍源、KH2PO4为磷源合成了磷酸镍,并详细研究了用水热法合成磷酸镍过程中Ni/P摩尔比、晶化温度及溶液酸碱度对磷酸镍光催化降解染料亚甲基蓝的影响,优化了合成条件。通过X-射线粉末衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、红外吸收光谱(FT-IR)、紫外-可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis DRS)和热重-差热(TG-DTA)和N2吸附等技术对其晶相组成、表面形貌、官能团结构、光吸收特性、热稳定性和比表面积进行了表征。合成材料通过对亚甲基蓝的光催化降解性能进行评价,当制备条件Ni/P摩尔比为3:2、反应温度为110℃、p H为碱性时晶化36 h合成的材料其光催化性能最佳。     

Synthesis of MCM-48 from silatrane via sol–gel process

High-quality cubic MCM-48 is successfully synthesized using a new silica source known as silatrane and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as the structure-directing agent via sol–gel process. The effects of synthesis parameters, viz. crystallization temperature, crystallization time, surfactant concentration, quantity of NaOH, and silica source, on the product structure are investigated. The synthesized samples are characterized using X-ray diffractometer (XRD), N₂ adsorption–desorption isotherms, and electron microscopy. Optimally, this product is synthesized from samples crystallized at 140°C for 16 h with a CTAB/SiO₂ ratio of 0.3 and NaOH/SiO₂ ratio of 0.5. The XRD result exhibits a well-resolved pattern, corresponding to the Ia3d space group of MCM-48. The BET surface area of this product is as high as 1,300 m²/g with a narrow pore-size distribution of 2.86 nm. The scanning electron microscopic (SEM) images also show the truncated octahedral shape and well-ordered pore system of MCM-48 particles.     

介孔Ce-MCM-48的合成及其可见光催化性能研究

分别利用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)、正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)为模板剂和硅源,合成了高度有序的MCM-48材料。通过浸渍法制备了Ce含量不同的MCM-48(Ce-MCM-48s)材料。采用TG-DTA、小角XRD、N2吸-脱附、FT-IR、TEM、XPS和UV-vis等对Ce-MCM-48s进行了表征。XRD、N2吸-脱附和TEM证明Ce-MCM-48s具有与MCM-48相似的三维螺旋立体结构;FT-IR和XPS表明MCM-48孔道及其表面已被Ce氧化物所覆盖。可见光催化降解罗丹明B的实验证明,10%Ce-MCM-48的催化降解效率好于纯CeO2,商用TiO2(P125),5%Ce-MCM-48和15%Ce-MCM-48的。     

MCM-48介孔分子筛的高压合成

采用正硅酸乙酯（TEOS）作硅源,十六烷基三甲基溴化铵（CTAB）为模板剂,在高压 （约7 MPa）和373 K下合成了MCM-48介孔分子筛.用XRD、氮气吸附及29Si MAS NMR对样品 进行了表征.与常压合成的相比,高压下合成的MCM-48具有更高的热稳定性和水热稳定性.2 9Si MAS NMR结果表明,高压有利于分子筛孔壁的聚合,导致分子筛结构更加完善,从而使 其具有更高的稳定性.     

Facile H2O2 Hydrothermal Synthesis of Bimodal Mesoporous Silica MCM-48 Spheres

The ordered bimodal mesoporous silica MCM-48 spheres were facile synthesized by mild-temperature post-synthesis H₂O₂ hydrothermal treatment of as-synthesized MCM-48. The results showed that H₂O₂ is indispensable for simultaneously removing organic templates and forming ordered bimodal mesoporous silica MCM-48 spheres. The bimodal mesoporous MCM-48 was characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron micrographs, FT-IR, and N₂ adsorption-desorption, and a possible mechanism was proposed for the formation of bimodal mesoporous MCM-48.     

Synthesis of lanthanum-doped MCM-48 molecular sieves and its catalytic performance for the oxidation of styrene

Lanthanum-doped MCM-48 molecular sieves with different La contents were synthesized hydrothermally and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), nitrogen sorption, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV-visible spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The results show that the majority of La cations have been incorporated into the framework of MCM-48 molecular sieves. When the molar ratio of La/Si is >0.039 in the sample, some of lanthanum species exist in the extraframework. Compared with pure silicate MCM-48, lanthanum-doped MCM-48 samples show the medium strong acidity that is due to the incorporation of La in the framework of silica. In the oxidation of styrene with H(2)O(2) as the oxidant over the lanthanum-doped MCM-48 catalysts, benzaldehyde is the main product with a small amount of styrene oxide. The La content in the catalysts, reaction temperature, reaction time, and solvent affect greatly the catalytic oxidation of styrene. The conversion of styrene and the selectivity to styrene oxide increase noticeably when a small amount of NaOH aqueous solution is added into the reaction mixture. Ln-doped MCM-48 catalysts with 14 kinds of rare earth elements were synthesized hydrothermally and evaluated for the oxidation of styrene. The results show that their catalytic performance is tremendously different and depends on the nature of rare earth elements doped in the MCM-48 mesoporous materials.     

Electron microscopy study of novel Pt nanowires synthesized in the spaces of silica mesoporous materials.

Structures of Pt-nanowires, synthesized in channels of silica mesoporous materials MCM-41, SBA-15 and MCM-48, were investigated by transmission electron microscopy. One dimensional (1D) Pt-nanowires were formed inside the channels of the MCM-41, and were single crystals with a length of several tens to several hundreds nanometers and a diameter of ca. 3 nm pt-nanowires synthesized in SBA-15 formed a new 3D-network following 3D-pore geometry of SBA-15; that is, the main 1D-channels are interconnected to each other through randomly distributed tunnels. These Pt-nanowires showed a well single crystalline. MCM-48 has two non-intersecting chiral channels, and Pt-networks were mostly formed in one of the two channels. Therefore the networks were also chiral; however, the chirality of Pt-networks remained to be determined. It was shown that all Pt-nanowires were formed following the channel geometries of silica mesoporous materials used.     

含氟体系中合成高品质的MCM-48介孔分子筛

在含氟体系中以正硅酸乙酯和十六烷基溴化铵作为硅源和模板剂,合成高质量的MCM-48。主要考察了各种影响合成MCM-48的因素,得到的产物分别用XRD,TEM和N₂吸附-脱附技术进行表征。结果表明,合成高质量MCM-48的条件是温度为393 K,时间为24 h,CTAB/Si比为0.65;得到的MCM-48具有较大的比表面积(130 5 m²/g),孔径分布比较集中(2.416 nm)。     

Synthesis and characterization of M-MCM-48 (M = Cr,Ce) from silatrane via sol–gel process

Chromium and cerium incorporated into MCM-48 framework are hydrothermally synthesized via sol–gel process without any additives and characterized by X-ray diffraction, N₂ adsorption/desorption, Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Diffuse reflectance UV–vis spectroscopy, and Thermogravimetric analysis. Results indicate that the materials possess a long-range ordered structure, high specific surface area, and narrow pore size distribution. SEM images illustrate the edge-truncated octahedron morphology of Cr-MCM-48 while Ce-MCM-48 preserves the truncated octahedron of the MCM-48 parent material. TEM images show the pore network of Ia3d symmetry after loading metals. Spectroscopic data confirm the existence of metals in the framework and extra-framework. At low Cr content, Cr-MCM-48 contains only Cr(VI) species while rich Cr content loading results in both the Cr(VI) and Cr(III) species. The hydrothermal stability of MCM-48 is enhanced by carefully incorporating metals into the parent material.     

MCM-48介孔材料相转化合成的形成机制

利用水热合成的方法,使用新型的表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基对苯磺酸盐作为模板剂合成了高质量的MCM-48介孔分子筛,并用X-射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、高分辨透射电镜(HRTEM)以及N₂吸附-脱附进行了表征。合成过程的研究表明该合成体系经历了三相,起始相为具有六方对称性的MCM-41,随着加热时间的延长,生成了具有立方对称性的MCM-48,进一步延长加热时间则生成了层状相MCM-50。三相转变发生的核心驱动力来自于表面活性剂有效堆积参数g因子的改变。另外,XRD、傅立叶变换的红外光谱(FT-IR)以及固体魔角自旋核磁共振(²⁹Si MAS NMR)的表征结果证明：随着晶化时间的延长,相转变的同时伴随着介孔材料的孔壁逐渐由原子无序的非晶态向原子有序的晶态结构转变。最终形成的原子有序层状介孔分子筛可以作为扩孔型微孔分子筛合成的有效前驱体。     

Ce-MCM-48介孔分子筛的合成、表征和催化性能

Cerium incorporated MCM-48 molecular sieves have been hydrothermally synthesized by both a mixed template and a variable pH approach. The samples were characterized by various physicochemical methods, including X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, diffuse reflectance UV-vis spectroscopy, XRF spectroscopy, nitrogen adsorption. These results reveal that cerium is incorporated in MCM-48 in the form of well-dispersed tetra-coodinated cerium ion. Maintaining the proper concentration of cerium and adjusting the pH allows for a more ordered structure with a much higher specific surface area than that of MCM-48. Ce-MCM-48 was employed in the liquid phase oxidation of cyclohexane with aqueous H2O2. The results showed that Ce-MCM-48 is more active as a catalyst for the liquid phase oxidation of cyclohexane. The oxidation conversion catalyzed by Ce-MCM-48 is 8.3 %-14.2% higher than that catalyzed by MCM-48 and the selectivity for the main products increase by 63.4%-68.8%. Accordingly, Ce-MCM-48 has been shown to have important potential applications.