Nonequilibrium effects of reactive flow based on gas kinetic theory

How to accurately probe chemically reactive flows with essential thermodynamic nonequilibrium effects is an open issue. Via the Chapman–Enskog analysis, the local nonequilibrium particle velocity distribution function is derived from the gas kinetic theory. It is demonstrated theoretically and numerically that the distribution function depends on the physical quantities and derivatives, and is independent of the chemical reactions directly as the chemical time scale is longer than the molecular relaxation time. Based on the simulation results of the discrete Boltzmann model, the departure between equilibrium and nonequilibrium distribution functions is obtained and analyzed around the detonation wave. In addition, it has been verified for the first time that the kinetic moments calculated by summations of the discrete distribution functions are close to those calculated by integrals of their original forms.     

基于偏振自适应和主动相位控制的相干合成的实验研究

进行了非保偏放大器与保偏放大器的相干合成的实验研究。通过随机并行梯度下降（SPGD）算法对非保偏放大器进行偏振自适应控制,使非保偏放大器输出激光的消光比达到11.5 dB,与保偏放大器在同一偏振方向上的光功率占总功率的93.4%。利用单抖动法进行非保偏放大器与保偏放大器的主动相位控制,实现相干合成。实验结果表明:SPGD算法能够有效实现偏振自适应控制,偏振自适应控制前后相干合成远场的条纹对比度从80.1%提高到87.2%,相干合成的效果提升明显;通过增加参与合成的放大器路数,并在各路激光中引入多级功率放大器,能够得到更高的合成功率输出。     

基于偏振自适应和主动相位控制的相干合成的实验研究

进行了非保偏放大器与保偏放大器的相干合成的实验研究。通过随机并行梯度下降（SPGD）算法对非保偏放大器进行偏振自适应控制,使非保偏放大器输出激光的消光比达到11.5 dB,与保偏放大器在同一偏振方向上的光功率占总功率的93.4%。利用单抖动法进行非保偏放大器与保偏放大器的主动相位控制,实现相干合成。实验结果表明：SPGD算法能够有效实现偏振自适应控制,偏振自适应控制前后相干合成远场的条纹对比度从80.1%提高到87.2%,相干合成的效果提升明显;通过增加参与合成的放大器路数,并在各路激光中引入多级功率放大器,能够得到更高的合成功率输出。     

基于电子注可回收能力的空间行波管慢波结构的优化设计

探索了一种行波管效率提高的优化设计方法.该方法在不降低电子效率的前提下,对慢波结构进行优化以获得互作用后电子注能量台阶状的分布,为研制高回收效率的收集极奠定基础.提出了用最大可回收效率表示的目标函数来衡量电子注的可回收能力.与单纯以电子效率为目标的慢波结构优化相比,以电子注可回收能力最大化为目标的慢波结构优化,不仅能在工作频带内提高总效率,而且行波管的非线性指标没有明显降低,小信号增益却有较大的提高. 关键词： 空间行波管 可回收能力 慢波结构 优化设计     

Numerical Investigation on Vibration Performance of Flexible Plates Actuated by Pneumatic Artificial Muscle

This paper theoretically introduced the feasibility of changing the vibration characteristics of flexible plates by using bio-inspired, extremely light, and powerful Pneumatic Artificial Muscle (PAM) actuators. Many structural plates or shells are typically flexible and show high vibration sensitivity. For this reason, this paper provides a way to achieve active vibration control for suppressing the oscillations of these structures to meet strict stability, safety, and comfort requirements. The dynamic behaviors of the designed plates are modeled by using the finite element (FE) method. As is known, the output force vs. contraction curve of PAM is nonlinear generally. In this present finite element model, the maximum forces provided by PAM in different air pressure are adopted as controlling forces for applying for the plate. The non-linearity between the output force and displacement of PAM is avoided in this study. The dynamic behaviors of plates with several independent groups of controlling forces are observed and studied. The results show that the natural frequencies of the plate can be varying and the max amplitude decreases significantly if the controlling forces are applied. The present work also demonstrates the potential of the PAM actuators as valid means for damping out the vibration of flexible systems.     

基于虚拟中心电流法的HL-2M快控电源数学模型

针对中国环流器2号M(HL-2M)装置中用于核聚变物理实验等离子体的垂直不稳定性控制的快控电源拓扑结构,充分考虑线圈的自感与互感对输出的影响,构建出数学模型,首次提出并运用虚拟中心电流法,使得控制算法更加简单,采用多输入多输出的控制方法,利用2个参量控制3个变量。本文基于基本供电方案得到多线圈耦合电压,基于快控电源拓扑推导出快控电源电路方程,再将其合并得到最终的线圈电压数学模型,最后进行仿真验证。结果表明数学模型搭建正确,为今后进行进一步计算提供了坚实的基础。     

基于滑模鲁棒算法的超低频主动隔振系统

振动噪声的有效隔离是冷原子重力仪的关键技术之一.为了减小冷原子重力仪中拉曼反射镜的振动噪声,研制了一套紧凑型低频主动隔振系统.其原理是利用滑模鲁棒控制系统处理和反馈由地震仪采集到的振动信号,利用音圈电机控制和消除被动隔振平台的运动.在0.1—10 Hz频域范围内,滑模鲁棒控制系统的残余振动噪声功率谱密度比被动隔振平台最大降低了99.9%,比超前滞后补偿控制方法最大降低了83.3%.滑模鲁棒控制算法还具有整定参数少、抗干扰能力强等特点.     

基于表面等离子体的太赫兹光束方向调控的模拟研究

本文根据锑化铟(InSb)材料在THz波段下复介电常数对温度的响应特性,采用了带有光栅的锑化铟-介质-锑化铟的表面等离子体波导结构,实现了1THz频率光束的准直出射,并能够通过调整结构两侧光栅的温度差来控制出射光束的角度.由时域有限差分方法得到光束偏转角度与温度差之间的关系.理论上利用表面等离子体波导模式的光栅耦合机理解释光束方向改变的原因. 关键词： 表面等离子体 太赫兹 时域有限差分方法 光束方向控制     

DNB引出束流功率及剖面分布测量

 利用束流截止板热量计原理,测量了诊断中性束(DNB)注入托卡马克的束流功率及束流剖面分布。基于热量截止板上正交分布的13只K型热电偶探针测量出DNB引出束流,在加速极电源49 kV,6 A,100 ms的脉冲放电时,采样铜靶上的最高温升为14 ℃,从而计算出注入束流功率达到160 kW并得到束剖面分布。同时通过对热量截止板冷却循环水温升测量值在时间上的积分数值计算,也获得了注入束流总功率,为130 kW。分析了两种测量结果存在差异的原因,实验结果表明惯性束截止板热量计方法是测量粒子束流功率及剖面分布的有效手段。     

Bidirectional beam propagation method based on the method of lines for the analysis of photonic band gap structures

The bidirectional beam propagation method based on the method of lines is proposed as an innovative and efficient algorithm to investigate the optical properties of photonic band gap (PBG) structures. A few examples illustrate the application of this technique to the modeling of passive, lossy and active one-dimensional and index confined PBG structures. The algorithm results are validated by comparison with those obtained via the transfer matrix method, the mode-matching method and the finite difference time domain method. With respect to these methods, the present algorithm exhibits accurate results with reduced computer resources.     

高功率离子束辐照膜基双层靶温度场的数值研究

采用TRIM程序模拟高功率离子束与铝基钛膜双层靶的相互作用.计算了束流在靶材内的能量沉积及分布情况,并以此沉积能量为热源项,采用有限差分方法求解非线性热传导方程,得到了温度场的分布规律,分析了不同离子流密度对界面物质状态的影响.结果表明,离子束电流密度在100—200 A/cm²之间取值时,脉冲结束后界面处两种物质均达到熔融状态.     

基于实验物理及工业控制系统的数控电源原理

设计了一个基于实验物理及工业控制系统(EPICS)实时测控的伺服电源控制器,并将其插入现有脉冲电源测试。该电源控制器采用死区时间调制(DTM)技术伺服跟踪外部控制信号以连续调节所需输出电流,这可确保开关管工作在近似零电流关断的状态下, 开关损耗小,电源效率高。对该电源及其控制器原理进行了介绍,对DTM法进行了理论分析与研究,并通过Matlab仿真和实验验证了其原理的正确性和可行性。     

Comparative study on the power scaling performance of three different coherent polarization beam combination system structures

Coherent polarization beam combination (CPBC) is a new kind of coherent beam combination configuration with high combining efficiency and excellent beam quality. In order to extend the CPBC system to a large scale, we provide a comparative study on the power scaling performance of three different coherent polarization beam combination system structures. It is found that the pairwise structure has high tolerance to aberrations and has the potential to extend to a large scale with high combining efficiency. In consideration of all the aberrations, the combining efficiency of the pairwise structure can be attained as high as 90% when the combined beams are more than 200. Some instructive suggestions are given to extend the CPBC system to a large scale.     

对于具有大范围运动和非线性变形的柔性梁的有限元动力学建模

研究具有大范围运动和非线性变形的柔性梁的有限元动力学建模.采用有限元方法对梁结构进行离散,利用Lagrange方程建立系统的精确动力学方程.该方程不仅增加了新的表征纵向、横向、侧向弯曲变形,以及扭转变形的耦合项,同时包含了变形运动与大范围运动之间的相互耦合项.     

Nonlinear vibration of embedded SWBNNTs based on nonlocal Timoshenko beam theory using DQ method

In the present work, effect of von Kàrmàn geometric nonlinearity on the vibration behavior of a single-walled boron nitride nanotube (SWBNNT) is investigated based on nonlocal piezoelasticity theory. The SWBNNT is considered as a nanobeam within the framework of Timoshenko beam (TB). Loading is composed of a temperature change and an imposed axially electric potential throughout the SWBNNT. The interactions between the SWBNNT and its surrounding elastic medium are simulated by Winkler and Pasternak foundation models. The higher order governing equations of motion are derived using Hamilton's principle and the numerical solution of equations is obtained using Differential Quadrature (DQ) method. The effects of geometric nonlinearity, elastic foundation modulus, electric potential field, temperature change and nonlocal parameter on the frequency of the SWBNNT are studied in detail.     

模拟退火算法光纤放大器相干合成

提出了利用模拟退火算法实现相干合成的思路。对利用模拟退火算法实现多路光纤放大器相干合成进行了数值模拟,验证了方法的有效性,并分析了算法收敛速度与合成光束数目的关系。进行了两路W量级光纤放大器相干合成的实验,结果表明,模拟退火算法能够有效控制各路光纤激光的相位,系统闭环将目标圆孔内的能量提高了1.8倍,并使得目标圆孔内能量大于理想值80%的概率从19.4%提升到了51.3%,取得了较为明显的相干合成效果。     

基于多尺度熵的电力能量流复杂性分析

电力能量流复杂性主要体现于其动态行为的实时性、非线性及不确定性等,网络动力学行为分析是关键.本文在电力系统动力学平衡方程基础上,构建了系统势能与支路势能函数模型;通过提取扰动(或故障)后系统的能量信息,利用多尺度熵对扰动(或故障)后系统能量流演化过程进行了研究.结果表明:1)稳定运行状态下系统复杂度较低,且随着故障持续时间的增加,系统故障后呈现出更高的复杂度;2)不稳定运行状态下,系统在小尺度时间上表现出更强的不确定性,而在大尺度时间上表现出相对更明显的规则性;3)临界稳定运行状态与临界不稳定运行状态下,故障后的系统复杂度在不同时间尺度上呈现出较明显的差异,这对动态过程中临界点的识别有着积极的参考价值.本文研究揭示了电力能量流在物理动态过程中的演化机制,为电力系统动力学行为分析提供了新思路与新方法.     

Full-vectorial finite-difference beam propagation method based on the modified alternating direction implicit method

A modified alternating direction implicit algorithm is proposed to solve the full-vectorial finite-difference beam propagation method formulation based on $H$ fields. The cross-coupling terms are neglected in the first sub-step, but evaluated and doubly used in the second sub-step. The order of two sub-steps is reversed for each transverse magnetic field component so that the cross-coupling terms are always expressed in implicit form, thus the calculation is very efficient and stable. Moreover, an improved six-point finite-difference scheme with high accuracy independent of specific structures of waveguide is also constructed to approximate the cross-coupling terms along the transverse directions. The imaginary-distance procedure is used to assess the validity and utility of the present method. The field patterns and the normalized propagation constants of the fundamental mode for a buried rectangular waveguide and a rib waveguide are presented. Solutions are in excellent agreement with the benchmark results from the modal transverse resonance method.     

高光束质量、高功率稳定性激光器的设计及实验研究

高光束质量、高功率稳定性激光器在激光加工、激光测量等领域具有广泛的用途.为了实现激光器腔内光斑聚焦同时减少色散和体积,人们常常将曲面反射镜用在激光谐振腔中,但光束倾斜入射到曲面反射镜往往会引起像散,从而导致光斑质量恶化,并降低激光器的性能.另一方面,在高功率激光器或超短脉冲激光器中,激光增益介质热透镜焦距的起伏,是导致激光输出功率波动的主要原因之一.针对激光器的像散和功率波动这两个问题,本文提出了一套简单高效的解决方案,在考虑像散补偿和热透镜效应的基础上,基于传播变换圆理论,首次提出一种可实现高光束质量、高功率稳定性激光器谐振腔的设计方法,并对采用该方法所设计出的超短脉冲激光器进行理论与实验研究.研究结果表明,利用该方法设计的激光谐振腔,两端臂像散能够完全被补偿,实验上实现了基模高斯光束输出;当激光晶体热透镜焦距改变时,该方法所设计出的激光谐振腔内各关键位置光斑半径的变化,显著地小于普通谐振腔,在相同外界条件下,其输出激光功率稳定性明显优于普通激光器.