两性物质溶液pH计算

提出了两性物质可按酸碱组分之间是否发生反应进行分类,并分别给出了这二类两性物质溶液pH计算的近似式。     

具有反聚电解质溶液行为的两性聚合物

大分子链上同时含有正负电荷基团且其数目相等的两性聚合物，具有独特的反聚电解质溶液行为和广阔的应用前景。本文就其合成、溶液特性及应用进行了概述。     

溶液法改性高分子表面技术的研究 (Ⅰ)──改性高分子表面的结构和性质

医用高分子材料的生物相容性问题逐步引起人们的重视［１］．除合成相容性好的材料外,另一个途径是对现有高分子材料进行改性以提高其生物相容性,其中表面改性因其对材料本体的影响小,成为医用高分子材料研究的一个热点．Ｒｕｃｋｅｎｓｔｅｉｎ［２］最早利用溶液法改...     

两性聚氨酯纳米水分散液的制备和性质

制备出了分子链上同时带有酸、碱基团的两性聚氨酯（APU），该两性聚氨酯在酸碱介质中均能形成稳定的纳米水分散液。同时还测定了APU的等电点和水分散液中APU分子链上可离子化基团的含量；实验结果还表明：中和剂浓度对两性聚氨酯纳米水分散液的粒径及稳定性有很大的影响。     

高分子在溶液中的复合

概括了高分子在溶液中复合的研究状况,一方面综述了研究高分子复合的各种实验方法;另一方面依据复合驱动力的不同,将高分子复合体系总结为对应的几类;以库仑力作用,氢键作用,范德力作用,电子转移作用,特殊离子相互作用稳定的复合体系,并分析别讨论了各类复合体系的影响因素。     

高分子稀溶液粘度的浓度依赖性

综述了高分子稀溶液粘度浓度依赖性的物理起源问题。对原有理论的不足作了分析,并论述了新近出现的团簇理论对理解此问题所作出的贡献。     

高分子保护溶液还原法制备球形超细镍粉

高分子保护溶液还原法制备球形超细镍粉沈勇，张宗涛，赵斌，朱裕贞，胡黎明（华东理工大学国家超细粉末工程研究中心，上海２００２３７）戴慕仉（华东理工大学分析测试中心，上海２００２３７）超细镍粉由于表面活性高、导电性和导热性好而被广泛用于电池电极、硬质合金...     

高分子在受限稀溶液中的结构和动力学性质

利用平衡态及非平衡态耗散粒子动力学模拟方法, 分别研究了平衡态和流场作用下受限高分子在稀溶液中的链结构和动力学. 采用没有滑移和密度涨落的边界条件模拟纳米管道环境, 进而研究了高分子回转半径和扩散系数对受限强度及高分子与溶剂间相互作用的依赖关系. 在非平衡态模拟中, 分别考虑了Poiseuille和Couette两种流场. 研究发现, 在这两种流场作用下, 高分子都随着溶剂与高分子排斥作用的降低而向管道中心迁移. 在强流场下, 在Poiseuille流场中高分子密度呈现出双峰分布, 而在Couette流场中则呈现为单峰分布.     

聚两性电解质及其水凝胶的研究进展

对近十年国内外在聚两性电解质及其水凝胶的合成、性质及在工业、生物医药方面的应用作了较全面的综述。     

Properties of amphoteric polyurethane waterborne dispersions. III. Isoelectric points and precipitation

The isoelectric points of amphoteric polyurethane (APU) with hydrophobic soft segments and pendent ? COOH and ? CH₂N(CH₃)₂ groups and the effect of inorganic salts on the isoelectric points were investigated by the conductivity titration method. The pH values at isoelectric points agreed with the theoretical isoelectric point equations of Patrickios and Merle with pK_a = 6.1 and pK_b = 8.3, even though, as an ionomer, APU has a low density of ionizable groups on the macromolecular chains and takes a micellar state in aqueous media. The precipitation of APU waterborne dispersions also was observed around the isoelectric points and around lower or higher pH values with the ultraviolet spectrophotometric method. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 40: 2440–2448, 2002     

Surface and Structural Properties of Gold Nanoparticles and Their Biofunctionalized Derivatives in Aqueous Electrolytes Solution

Gold nanoparticles reduced by sodium citrate (d ～ 10 nm) and purchased gold colloid particles (d ～ 500 nm) were examined and compared. The properties of both gold particles and their biofunctionalized derivatives with L-cysteine and L-glutathione were studied in the presence of sodium nitrate. The structural investigations indicated an aggregated inner structure.

The isoelectric points of pure gold, citrate reduced gold, and functionalized gold were measured and compared. The low isoelectric point of pure gold/water interface was explained by considering the distribution and accumulation of H⁺ and OH^? ions within the interfacial water layer, being more pronounced for OH^? ions.      

两性纤维素接枝共聚物CGD的研究：Ⅱ水溶液的性质

用浊度法研究了一系列不同结构特征的羧甲基纤维素接枝甲基丙烯酸二甲胺基乙酯两性共聚物（ＣＧＤ）的溶解性及其组成和等电点的关系；用粘度法研究了ＣＧＤ水溶液的流体力学性质，考察了聚合物浓度，温度，外加无机盐和ｐＨ对溶液流体力学性质的影响。研究发现ＣＧＤ具有明显的等电点，且与组成有关，即随着阳离子链节含量的增加，等电点移向高ｐＨ     

Synthesis and Solution Properties of Loose Polymer Brushes Having Polyimide Backbone and Methylmethacrylate Side Chains

Summary: Graft-copolymers with polyimide backbone and PMMA side chains are synthesized by ATRP of methylmethacrylate on the polyimide macroinitiator. The obtained copolymers, macroinitiator, and cleaved side chains are investigated by ¹H NMR, SEC, static and dynamic light scattering, sedimentation, and viscosimetry in solutions. The synthesized copolymer is relatively loose polymer brushes: the average distance between grafted PMMA chains is ∼11 nm (4 repeat units of the backbone). The hydrodynamic and conformational characteristics of graft-copolymers change on passage from ethylacetate to chloroform due to difference in the thermodynamic quality of the solvents with respect to the copolymer components. The backbone is characterized more extended conformation than individual polyimide macromolecule.     

Phase Transition of Acrylamide‐Based Polyampholyte Gels in Water

The swelling behavior of acrylamide (AAm)–based polyampholyte hydrogels in water and in aqueous salt (NaCl) solutions was investigated. [(Methacrylamido)propyl]trimethyl‐ammonium chloride (MAPTAC) and acrylic acid (AAc) were used as the ionic comonomer in the hydrogel preparation. Three sets of hydrogels containing 70 mol% AAm and 30 mol% ionic comonomers of varying mole ratios were prepared. The variations of the hydrogel volume in response to changes in pH, and salt concentration were measured. As pH increases from 1, the hydrogel volume V _eq in water first increases and reaches a maximum value at a certain pH. Then, it decreases again with a further increase in pH and attains a minimum value around the isoelectric point (IEP). After passing the collapsed plateau region, the gel reswells again up to pH=7.1. The reswelling of the collapsed gels containing 10 and 4% MAPTAC occurs as a first‐order phase transition at pH=5.85 and 4.35, respectively, while the hydrogel with 1% MAPTAC reswells continuously beyond its IEP. Depending on pH of the solution, the hydrogels immersed in salt solutions exhibit typical polyelectrolyte or antipolyelectrolye behavior. The experimental swelling data were compared with the predictions of the Flory‐Rehner theory of swelling equilibrium including the ideal Donnan equilibria. It was shown that the equilibrium swelling theory qualitatively predicts the experimental behavior of polyampholyte hydrogels.     

等电点时氨基酸溶解度最小之数学推证

利用中性氨基酸在等电点时各型体的平衡关系,从数学角度证明了一定温度下其两性离子浓度最大,分布系数最大,溶解度最小,并由相关氨基酸溶液中各型体的分布系数和溶解度图得到佐证。对苏教版《有机化学基础》中氨基酸的分离进行了解读。     

异相法制备磺酸基取代壳聚糖衍生物

用3-氯-2-羟基丙磺酸钠与壳聚糖在较低温度下进行非均相反应制备了一系列取代度,结构新颖的改性壳聚糖.实验表明化学改性能极大的提高壳聚糖在水溶液中的溶解性能.研究了不同的反应条件对壳聚糖取代度的影响并用核磁共振表征了它们的结构.反应可在中性、较为温和的条件下进行,通过改变反应时间和反应物比例能有效的控制改性壳聚糖的取代度.改性后的壳聚糖能溶解于中性的水溶液中,浊度实验表明产物具有明显的两性聚电解质特征,其等电点约在pH=5.7.该方法为制备化学改性壳聚糖的一种有效的方法.     

聚甲基丙烯酸三乙基锡酯的溶度参数和溶液性质研究

本文研究了聚甲基丙烯酸三乙基锡酯(PTETM)在二十五种溶剂中的溶解性能。测定了PTETM试样在不同溶剂中的特性粘数,估算了PTETM的三维溶度参数为:δ=18.8(J/cm~3)~(1/2);δ_d=16.8(J/cm~3)~(1/2);δ_p=6.28(J/cm~3)~(1/2);δ_h=5.73(J/cm~3)~(1/2)。并就聚合物中锡原子上的取代基对其溶解性能的影响进行了讨论。作者还订定了PTETM在四氢呋喃溶液中,25℃时的MHS方程为[η]=2.55×10~(-3)M_w~(0.691);在甲苯溶液中,30℃时的MHS方程为[η]=2.79×10~(-3)M_w~(0.662)。利用Burchard-Stockmayer-Fixman关系,由四氢呋喃体系(25℃)和甲苯体系(30℃)所求得的Flory特征比C_∞=9.4。     

良溶剂中接枝型聚两性电解质单链构象的布朗动力学模拟

采用布朗动力学研究了在良溶剂中荷电平衡的接枝聚两性电解质(GPA)的单链构象转变行为,讨论了主链链长、支链数及电荷密度对GPA分子链构象转变的影响.研究发现,随着静电相互作用的增强,GPA分子链构象转变过程由线团、主链与支链间的折叠、链段塌缩和电荷配对形成偶极子与四极子等4个阶段构成.与线型聚两性电解质不同,GPA存在的额外支链间空间排斥与静电排斥作用随着分子结构的变化而改变,并影响构象转变行为.在强静电相互作用下,良溶剂中的GPA链由于溶剂化作用会再伸展,以保证偶极子完全配对成四极子.减小主链长度或电荷密度或增加支链数目都会增大体系的排斥力和主链的刚性,阻滞分子链的塌缩,并使得分子链再伸展的幅度增大.