Application of functionalized CdS nanoparticles as fluorescence probe in the determination of nucleic acids

Nanometer-sized fluorescent particles were successfully synthesized. The nanoparticles have a narrow, tunable, symmetric emission spectrum and a broad, continuous excitation spectrum. They are also photochemically stable. A synchronous fluorescence method was developed for the rapid determination of DNA with functionalized CdS as a fluorescence probe, based on the synchronous fluorescence quenching of functionalized CdS in the presence of DNA. Maximum fluorescence is produced at pH 7.0, with maximum excitation and emission wavelengths of 360 and 620 nm, respectively. The maximum emission wavelength of synchronous fluorescence is 354 nm when delta lambda = 260 nm. Under optimum conditions, the calibration graphs are linear over the range 0-3.5 microg mL(-1) for calf thymus DNA (CT-DNA) and 0.2-3.0 microg mL(-1) for fish sperm DNA. The corresponding detection limit is 0.01 microg mL(-1) for CT-DNA and 0.02 microg mL(-1) for fish sperm DNA. The relative standard deviation of seven replicate measurements is 2.2% for 1 microg mL(-1) calf thymus DNA and 2.4% for 1 microg mL(-1) fish sperm DNA. The method is simple, rapid and sensitive. The recovery and relative standard deviation are very satisfactory.     

BIOCHEMISTRY OF CENTIPEDE BIOLUMINESCENCE*

Abstract— The centipede (Orphaneous brevilabiatus) secretes a bioluminescent slime. The corrected emission spectrum of this luminescence was found to have maxima at about 510 and 480 nm. The reaction was found to require both a luciferin and luciferase and showed an unusually low pH optimum (4.6). Oxygen was required for the reaction, but oxygen could interact with one of the components allowing for anaerobic light emission.     

对氨基苯磺酸氧化化学发光反应的研究及应用——测定痕量钴

研究了对氮基苯磺酸在金属离子钻(Ⅱ)作为催化剂存在下,在碱性溶液中被过氧化氢氧化的化学发光行为,测定了发光光谱,最大发射波长为445nm.基于钻(Ⅱ)的催化作用建立了分析采量钻的化学发光新方法,其线性范围为5.0×10^-11～5.0×10^-7g/mL,检出限为0.01ng/mLGo²⁺,具有较好的选择性,通过对化学发光反应产物及有关反应试剂的紫外、红外和荧光光谱的测定研究,提出了氧化发光反应的机理,还对发光猝灭作用进行了讨论。     

A BLUE FLUORESCENT PROTEIN FROM A YELLOW-EMITTING LUMINOUS BACTERIUM

Vibrio fischeri strain Y1 emits yellow light in vivo due to the participation of a yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) in the luciferase reaction. In this study it was found that the organism also produces a protein (referred to as Y1-BFP) emitting strong blue fluorescence. Its molecular weight, about 25 kDa, is the same as or very close to that of YFP. The fluorescence excitation and emission maxima of the purified Y1-BFP are at 416 and 461 nm, respectively, and the fluorescence lifetime is 12.5 ns at 2 degrees C. The molar extinction coefficient of Y1-BFP at 416 nm was estimated to be approx. 9500. With the homologous luciferase, Y1-BFP decreases the intensity and rate of decay in the in vitro reaction but has no effect on its emission spectrum (in contrast to YFP, which has a striking effect on the spectrum). With luciferase isolated from Vibrio harveyi, however, Y1-BFP causes a small blue-shift (approximately 10 nm) in the emission of the enzyme catalyzed reaction, whereas YFP has no effect on the emission spectrum.     

聚间亚苯亚乙烯的性能研究

自1990年Burroughes等首次报道聚对亚苯亚乙烯的电致发光以来,由于电致发光高分子材料在平面显示(特别是大面积显示)方面具有其他显示材料难以比拟的优势,因而近年来受到人们的广泛关注,在合成方法、加工性能、发光颜色的调控以及器件性能等多方面取得显著进展,不     

Highly luminescent water-dispersed silicon quantum dots for fluorometric determination of oxytetracycline in milk samples

A fluorescent probe based on silicon quantum dots (SiQDs) was developed for the selective and sensitive detection of oxytetracycline (OTC) via the inner filter effect (IFE). The water-soluble fluorescent SiQD was synthesized based on the reaction of 3-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) and sodium citrate as precursors by the one-pot hydrothermal process. The strong fluorescence emission of quantum dots (QDs) was obtained at 440 nm when excited at 350 nm and OTC had a broad absorption band between 200 and 400 nm. The excitation spectrum of SiQDs was completely overlapped with the absorption spectrum of OTC. The light at an excitation wavelength of QDs absorbed by OTC caused a decrease in fluorescence intensity with an increase in the concentration of OTC. Under optimal conditions, the linear concentration range was 0.92–9.2 µg mL1 with a detection limit (LOD; S/N = 3) of 0.19 µg mL ^-1 . The proposed method was applied to the determination of OTC in milk samples and satisfactory recoveries (98.8–100.5%) with low RSD % values (0.93–2.31%) were achieved. This simple, selective, sensitive, rapid, and cheap method can be used as a promising tool for OTC analysis in food safety.     

溶剂热法合成CdS纳米晶及其光学性质研究

以硫脲和醋酸镉为原料,采用溶剂热法在不同的反应介质和温度下合成了CdS纳米晶,比较了单胺与双胺对合成CdS纳米晶形貌的影响。采用透射电镜(TEM)、X射线粉末衍射仪(XRD)和荧光分光光度计(PL)对合成的CdS纳米晶结构和光学性能进行表征。结果表明:反应温度和反应介质对其形貌有影响,在双胺的条件下,60℃时合成了纯相的六方相CdS纳米棒;双胺条件下更易生成纳米棒,且高温下晶体的结晶性更好。PL分析表明,水(溶剂)热法制备的CdS的荧光光谱图与大多数CdS类似,均在440~480 nm和550 nm处存在发射峰,但较宽的发射峰蓝移说明材料的光学性质受到材料形貌和制备方法的影响。     

Determination of idebenone in plasma by HPLC with post-column fluorescence derivatization using 2-cyanoacetamide

Idebenone is a benzoquinone analog that is used in the treatment of several neurological disorders including Friedreich's ataxia. It was found that the reaction of idebenone with 2-cyanoacetamide under alkaline conditions generates fluorescent products, and the reaction was considered to proceed via Craven's reaction. The reaction mixture from idebenone gave fluorescence with excitation and emission maximum wavelengths at 358 nm and 409 nm, respectively. It was adopted for HPLC with post-column fluorescence derivatization of idebenone. Idebenone in the plasma showed a linear response in the range of 0.5-32 ng (25-1600 ng/mL), and the quantitation limit (S/N=10) was 12.5 ng/mL. The detection limit (S/N=3) of the standard solution of idebenone was 0.1 ng. The HPLC system was applied to the human blood plasma obtained by finger prick. The plasma sample obtained by finger prick gave a similar chromatogram to that of venous blood obtained by venipuncture.     

The peroxidase-promoted metabolic activation of acetaminophen produces electronically excited species

When the analgesic and antipyretic drug acetaminophen is exposed to the horseradish peroxidase/hydrogen peroxide system, light emission is observed. Both the rate of reaction and the emission intensity are increased in the presence of the cationic detergent CTAB. The emission spectrum indicates the presence of at least three emitters. The peak at 445 nm is close to the position of the only band observed in the fluorescence spectrum of the spent reaction mixture and is ascribed to excited N-acetyl-p-benzoquinoneimine. The other two emission bands (505 and 580 nm) must be due to transients. Total emission from the system increases in the presence of Triton X-100 solubilized-chlorophyll; the main donor to chlorophyll is the 445 nm emitter. The generation of excited species in this model system of acetaminophen peroxidative metabolization expands the number of candidates responsible for the deleterious effects of the drug in high doses.     

Horseradish Peroxidase-Catalyzed Generation of Acetophenone and Benzophenone in the Triplet State*

Horseradish peroxidase catalyzes the aerobic oxidation of 2-phenylpropanal and diphenylacetaldehyde at physiological pH to yield acetophenone and benzophenone partly in the triplet state, respectively. These excited products plus formic acid are expected from the thermolysis of dioxetane intermediates. The presence of acetophenone was demonstrated spectrophotometr-ically and the chemiluminescence spectrum (δ_max - 430 nm) was consistent with its triplet state. Energy transfer to 9,10-dibromoanthracene-2-sulfonate ion, a triplet carbonyl counter, but not to anthracene-2-sulfonate ion, a singlet carbonyl acceptor, occurred, confirming the triplet nature of the main emitter. In the case of the diphenylacetaldehydelperoxidase system, benzophenone could also be detected spectrophotometrically but the corresponding chemiluminescence spectrum showed only red emission (δ_max - 630 nm), which was tentatively attributed to singlet oxygen formed by triplet-triplet energy transfer to ground state oxygen. Horseradish peroxidase can be replaced by other he-meproteins such as myoglobin, hemoglobin and micro-peroxidase as catalyst of the chemiluminescent reaction. The distinct emission spectra achieved with different hemeproteins suggest a role of the microenvi-ronment in totally or partly protecting the excited species from oxygen collisions, resulting in emission maxima around 430 nm, 630 nm or both.     

Electroplex emission from a blend of poly(N-vinylcarbazole) and 2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1, 10-phenanthroline

The PL and EL spectra of poly(N-vinylcarbazole) (PVK) : 2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1, 10-phenanthroline (BCP) (1:1 w/w) film were found completely different. The PL spectrum is a single peak at 415 nm that originates from excitons emission from PVK, and the tail of the spectrum is suggested to be excimer emission from BCP molecules. However, a new emission at 595 nm was found in the EL spectra of devices ITO/PEDOT:PSS(50 nm)/PVK:BCP(1:1)(100 nm)/Al. After aggregate, exciplex and product of electrochemical reaction were ruled out, the new emission was proposed to be electroplex emission that occurred between PVK and BCP molecules. Under high voltage, only electroplex emission can be observed in the EL spectra.     

Sr2SiO4:Eu3+发光材料的制备及其光谱特性

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了Sr2SiO4:Eu3+发光材料. 测量了Sr2SiO4:Eu3+材料的激发与发射光谱, 发射光谱主峰位于618 nm处;监测618 nm发射峰时, 所得激发光谱主峰分别为320、397、464 和518 nm. 研究了Sr2SiO4:Eu3+材料在618 nm的主发射峰强度随Eu3+浓度的变化情况. 结果显示, 随Eu3+浓度的增大, 发射峰强度先增大; 当Eu3+浓度为7%时(x), 峰值强度最大; 而后随Eu3+浓度的增大, 峰值强度减小. 在Eu3+浓度为7%的情况下, 研究了电荷补偿剂Li+的掺杂浓度(x(Li+))对Sr2SiO4:Eu3+材料发射光谱强度的影响. 结果显示, 随x(Li+)的增大, 材料发射光谱强度先增大后减小, 当x(Li+)为8%时, 峰值强度最大.     

原位水热合成一个新颖的银四唑配位聚合物(英)

在水热条件下，硝酸(3-氰基吡啶)银以及叠氮化纳反应,成功地组装了一个二维层状银四唑配位聚合物[mono(5-(3-pyridyl)tetrazolato)Ag] (1),并对其进行了表征。晶体结构分析表明，化合物1结晶在三斜晶系，其空间群分别为P1(a=0.626 08(10) nm，b=0.784 98(13) nm，c=0.805 84(12) nm，α=75.171(4)°，β=76.653(3)°，γ=68.332(3)°，V=0.351 67(10) nm³，Z=2)，银的配位环境为四配位并形成略为变形的四面体构型。室温下，化合物1显示强的蓝色荧光(495 nm和521 nm)。     

FLUORESCENCE YIELD PROPERTIES OF A FRACTION ENRICHED IN NEWLY SYNTHESIZED BACTERIOCHLOROPHYLL U-PROTEIN COMPLEXES FROM RHODOPSEUDOMONAS SPHAEROIDES

Abstract— A membrane fraction enriched in newly synthesized bacteriochlorophyll a-protein complexes was isolated from Rhodopseudomoms sphaeroides by rate-zone sedimentation. An examination of the fluorescence yield properties showed that the ratio of the maximal fluorescence emission near 910 nm (with all photochemical traps closed) to that of the initial fluorescence rise (with all traps open) was 2.2 compared to 2.9 in chromatophores. The spectrum for the variable portion of the fluorescence emission (the slow rise between the initial and maximal levels) was essentially the same in both fractions, but that observed for the initial rise in the newly synthesized material showed a greater fluorescence yield with a broad peak near 865 nm. This extra emission is thought to arise from the light-harvesting bacteriochlorophyll complex with an absorption maximum at 850 nm and suggests that this component is only partially connected to photosynthetic units. In contrast, the little extra emission observed at the longer wavelengths in this fraction indicated that energy is transferred more efficiently between the 875 nm antenna complex and photochemical reaction centers. The kinetics of the fluorescence rise suggest that photosynthetic units exist at separate sites in newly synthesized membrane regions.     

应用水相合成的CdTePCdS核壳型量子点荧光探针测定DNA

以巯基丙酸（HS-CH2CH2COOH）为稳定剂水相合成了核壳型CdTePCdS量子点（QDs）。CdTePCdSQDs具有宽而连续的激发光谱和狭窄对称的发射光谱,最大发射波长位于578nm。与DNA作用后荧光强度显著降低。基于DNA对量子点荧光的猝灭效应,将CdTePCdS量子点作为荧光探针建立了一种简便快速测定DNA的荧光分析法,详细研究了pH、量子点浓度、离子强度、温度等备件对量子点荧光及DNA测定的影响。该方法测定ctDNA线性范围为50．0—750．0ng／mL,检出限为20ng／mL．7次重复测定O．5ttg／mLctDNA的相对标准偏差为2．0％。方法可用于合成样品的测定。     

Spectroscopic studies of the conformational properties of naphthoyl chitosan in dilute solutions

A naphthoyl chitosan derivative was prepared, and its conformations in dilute solutions were characterized with spectroscopic methods, including circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy and fluorescence emission spectroscopy. The CD spectrum of this polymer showed a negative band at about 295 nm in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), indicating that the polymer adopted a helical secondary structure. A helix reversion occurred at concentrations greater than 1 mg/mL. The intensity of the CD signal decreased with the addition of water to the solution, and this suggested a change from a helical conformation to a looser one as a result of the collapse of intramolecular hydrogen bonds. In the fluorescence emission experiments, two kinds of excimer emission bands were detected at 375 and 425 nm, and they were assigned to a partially overlapped dimer with a twisted geometry and a fully overlapped dimer with a sandwichlike geometry, respectively. Adding water to a solution of naphthoyl chitosan in DMSO resulted in a gradual reduction of the emission intensity at 375 nm, and this implied that the twisted arrangement of the chromophore was destroyed by the presence of water. The relative intensity (i.e., the ratio of the intensity of the excimer emission at 425 nm to that of the excimer emission at 375 nm) depended on the solvent (DMSO, N,N‐dimethylformamide, N,N‐dimethylacetamide, and 1‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidinone), and this indicated that the conformation of naphthoyl chitosan was solvent‐dependent. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 42: 2747–2758, 2004     

Fabrication of symmetric hierarchical hollow PbS microcrystals via a facile solvothermal process

Symmetric hierarchical hollow PbS structures consisting of nanowalls were successfully fabricated by a facile solvothermal process in ethylenediamine at 120 degrees C for 12 h, employing lead acetate trihydrate and dithizone as precursors; the thickness of the nanowalls is about 80 nm. No surfactants or other templates were used in the process. The synthesized product was characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), electron diffraction (ED), ultraviolet-visible spectrometer (UV-vis), near-infrared absorption spectroscopy (near-IR), and fluorescence spectrophotometer. The effect of the reaction conditions on the size and morphologies of PbS structures was investigated. The results show that the temperatures, solvent, and sulfur sources are crucial factors on the morphologies and sizes of the symmetric hierarchical hollow PbS microcrystals. A possible growth mechanism of hierarchical hollow PbS structures is presented. UV-vis absorption spectrum holds a weak peak at 253 nm; the near-infrared absorption spectrum of PbS microcrystals has the two absorption peaks centered at 9613 cm(-1) (1040 nm) and 6771 cm(-1) (1477 nm), showing a blue shift compared with the bulk PbS (approximately 3020 nm). And the fluorescence spectrum of PbS microcrystals consists of an emission peak with a maximum at 305 nm. These PbS microcrystals may have potential applications in the fundamental study of nanostructures as well as fabricating nanodevices.     

分析测试经验介绍(214~218)电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定18K金中铅元素的谱线选择

18K金中可能含有多种杂质元素, 如铜和铅.常用的光谱分析方法中, 铅元素测试谱线易被铜、铁和金等元素干扰.建立了基于电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-OES)测定18K金中铅含量的方法.测试结果表明, 在283.306 nm谱线下, 铅元素在标准曲线浓度范围内呈良好线性关系.方法检出限为0.005 6 μg/mL, 加标回收率在92.9%~102.0%之间, 相对标准偏差小于1%.采用283.306 nm谱线测试结果准确, 灵敏度高, 适用于测试18K金中铅元素含量.     

Determination of multiple drugs of abuse in human urine using capillary electrophoresis with fluorescence detection

Methods for separation and determination of multiple drugs of abuse in biological fluids using capillary electrophoresis (CE) with native fluorescence and laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) detection are described herein. Using native fluorescence, normorphine, morphine, 6-acetyl morphine (6-AM), and codeine were analyzed by CE without any derivatization procedure and detected at an excitation wavelength of 245 nm with a cut-off emission filter of 320 nm, providing a rapid and simple analysis. The detection limits were in the range of 200 ng/mL. For a highly sensitive analysis, LIF detection was also examined using a two-step precolumn derivatization procedure. In this case, drugs extracted from human urine were first subjected to an N-demethylation reaction involving the use of 1-chloroethyl chloroformate (ACE-Cl) and then derivatized using fluorescein isothiocyanate isomer I (FITC) and analyzed by CE coupled to a LIF detector. Variables affecting this derivatization: yield of demethylation reaction, FITC concentration, reaction time and temperature, were studied. The estimated instrumental detection limits of the FITC derivatives were in the range of 50-100 pg/mL, using LIF detection with excitation and emission wavelengths of 488 nm and 520 nm, respectively. The linearity, reproducibility and reliability of the methods were evaluated. In addition, a comparison of the characteristics for both native fluorescence and LIF detections was also discussed.     

含二唑的聚(间亚苯乙烯)电致发光二极管

含二唑的聚（间亚苯乙烯）电致发光二极管印寿根李晨曦黄文强何炳林（南开大学吸附分离功能高分子材料国家重点实验室高分子化学研究所天津３０００７１）彭俊彪刘星元李文连（中国科学院长春物理研究所长春１３００２１）关键词电致发光，光电子能谱，聚（间亚苯...