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Two previously developed methods of noble metal neutron activation (NA) determination have been applied for the analysis of technological materials. While comparing the data obtained by both methods with those obtained in Central Chemical Laboratory the systematical discreapences have been shown to be absent. A new method of Pd, Au, Pt and Ir NA determination in natural and technological specimens based on the selective extraction of Pd and Au preliminary to irradiation has been developed. Results of the analysis of “Glomar Cellenger”'s deep-water drilling samples are discussed obtained by this method.  相似文献   

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In order to describe the impact of corrosion of medical implants on the trace element balance of man samples of blood, serum and of a variety of tissues and organs were analysed for their trace element composition using instrumental neutron activation techniques. By the analysis of blood and serum the trace element status after long-term implantation as well as its dependence on time after implantation was investigated. Using autopsy samples of human organs such as heart, spleen, liver, of aorta and of lymphatic tissue from the lower pelvis transport and storage of the corrosion products was studided. These investigations were supplemented by a comprehensive study of normal human blood, serum, tissues and organs from patients without implants. The results demonstrate that there are high enrichments of corrosion products in several tissues and organs and that also blood and serum reveal the presence of the metal implants in the trace element levels, increasing shortly after implantation and pertaining during the entire implantation time. Thus the corrosion of metallic implants is a process not only affecting tissues from the vicinity of the implants but also influencing the trace element balance of the entire organism.  相似文献   

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A procedure is described for the determination of Pd, Au, Ir, and Pt in rocks at the ppb concentration level. After irradiation with thermal neutrons, powdered rock samples are fused with carriers and Na2O2−NaOH. The fusion cake is dissolved in dilute HCl, and the activated noble metals and carriers are coprecipitated as a group with Te, using Sn2+ as a reductant. Gamma and X-rays are counted on semi-conductor Ge deterctors. Yields are determined by reirradiation. Results are given for several rocks, including U.S.G.S. standards PCC-1 and W-1.  相似文献   

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Determination of metals and trace elements in patients with total knee or hip arthroplasty with CoCrMo alloy was performed. Blood, urine and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples were analyzed and compared with samples from healthy people. Levels of Co, Cr as well as Na, Ca, Fe, Zn, Se, Rb, Sb and Br were determined by means of neutron activation analysis. The values of Cr and Co of the blood and urine measurements were elevated in patients with replacement, and according to the statistical analysis, significant differences of the elements Zn, Br, Co and Sb were found in the CSF (p?<?0.05).

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A method of determination of trace gold and iridium in steel is presented. The samples were preconcentrated with an anion exchanger. The chemical recoveries were determined by an isotope tracer technique using198Au and192Ir.  相似文献   

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This paper reviews immunoaffinity CE procedures developed since 1998 for drug, hormone, and disease marker analyses of body fluids and tissues. Immunoaffinity CE and related techniques are described. Examples of clinical applications are included.  相似文献   

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The homogeneity of liver tissue of healthy persons is examined with regard to the distribution of copper, zinc, cadmium and manganese. The relative standard deviations of results for particular samples of the same human liver were 6.1–9.9, 4.0–6.0, 6.2–8.7 and 6.2–10.3% for copper, zinc, cadmium and manganese, respectively. Comparison of these values with those obtained for the standard reference material NBS Bovine Liver 1577 (2.8, 3.5, 3.4 and 1.8%, respectively) indicates that small samples of liver tissue can be accepted, with some limitations, as representative of the whole organ for the metals investigated.  相似文献   

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The paper is concerned with various applications of the neutron activation method in the analysis of geological samples for noble metals. A technique is suggested to estimate a priori detection limit values for noble metals in the nondestructive analysis of various samples. Also discussed are new schemes of separation and isolation of elements, the technique of obtaining comparison standards, and constraining factors in application of the method in terms of representation of samples to be analyzed.  相似文献   

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The contents of 21 chemical elements (Ag, Br, Ca, Cl, Co, Cr, Cs, Fe, Hg, K, Mg, Mn, N, Na, P, Rb, Sb, Sc, Se, Sr, Zn) in mixed non-stimulated saliva of 52 relatively healthy people were assessed by activation using 14 MeV neutrons and nuclear reactor neutrons. The study included 45 women and 7 men, aged 18 to 35. The dependence of salivary composition upon sex, age, time-of-day and time-of-year was studied. The saliva of 22 men, involved in the clean up operation after the Chernobyl accident, was also studied. There existed clear circadian variations in the amount of Na, Sc and Cr contained in the saliva and a tendency to circadian variations for the amount of Cl, Co, Br and Rb. Neither sex, age, nor time-of-year influenced the contents of 21 chemical elements examined. The only exception to this finding was with Hg, whose content increases with age. The analysis of the cleaners' saliva made it possible to find considerable metabolic changes of Ca and some other chemical elements.  相似文献   

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The non-destructive thermal neutron activation analysis of some commercially available steel samples viz. SS-316, SS-310, SS-304, Tiscral, CA55 and EN 8 is carried out using a252Cf source. The manganese content of these steel samples is estimated by measuring the -activity of56Mn using a single channel analyzer on integration mode and a NaI/Tl/ detector as well as using a high purity germanium detector coupled to a 4K multichannel analyzer. The results obtained by both procedures show reasonable agreement with each other. The nickel content of the various steel samples is also estimated.  相似文献   

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Microchimica Acta - A sensitive and specific Spectrophotometric technique for the determination of microgram amounts of thallium in autopsy tissues and body fluids is described. The material is...  相似文献   

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Cadmium and zinc levels in urine, serum, hair obtained from workers professionally exposed to cadmium oxide dust and from a control, nonoccupationally exposed group were determined by neutron activation analysis. The study was completed by biochemical monitoring tests such as the 2 (2-MG) determination in urine and serum and the -aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) determination in blood. Significantly increased levels of cadmium in urine, serum, and hair, 2-MG in urine and serum, ALAD in blood and decreased levels of zinc in serum were found in the exposed group compared to the control group. The most distinct differences of the parameters studied were observed for cadmium in hair. Correlations among the parameters were preliminary evaluated, too. For quality assurance purposes, the cadmium and zinc concentrations were determined in biological (standard) reference materials NBS SRM-1577 Bovine Liver, Bowen's Kale, IAEA A-11 Milk Powder, and IAEA H-8 Horse Kidney.  相似文献   

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The ability to measure environmental contaminants in biological tissues and fluids is important in the characterization of exposure. However, the analysis of certain contaminants in these matrices presents significant challenges. Perchlorate (ClO4) has emerged as a potential contaminant of concern primarily in drinking water and also in contaminated food. Significant advances have been made in the analysis of perchlorate in environmental matrices (water, soil) by ion chromatography (IC). In contrast, the analysis of perchlorate in extracts of biological tissues and fluids (vegetation, organs, milk, blood, urine, etc.) presents several challenges including small sample sizes, extracts with high matrix conductivity, and co-elution of other ions during IC analysis. To be able to detect low concentrations of perchlorate in biological samples, interferences must be removed or minimized, such as through the use of preparative chromatography cleanup techniques and/or alternative analytical methods less susceptible to common interferences (preconcentration or mass spectrometric detection). We present discussion and examples of the challenges encountered in the analysis of tissue extracts and fluids for perchlorate by IC and how some of those analytical challenges have been overcome.  相似文献   

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A neutron activation method has been developed for the analysis of high density polyethylene, low density polyethylene, polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate and polystyrene. Samples weighing 2–5 g were irradiated in a thermal neutron flux of 1016 neutrons m–2 s–1 and measured with gamma ray spectrometry for 64 elements. With the method developed here over 50 elements can be detected at concentrations below 1 mg/kg. Correction factors were applied for neutron flux variation and counting geometry.The method was validated using reference material citrus leaves (NIST) for Na, Mg, Al, K, Ca, Mn, Cu, Sr and I, and a suite of in house standards doped with Al, Cr, Co, Mg, Zn and Sb confirmed repeatability of the method. The method was used to measure inorganic contaminants in the raw polymers and retail samples of plastic packaging used in contact with food.  相似文献   

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A sensitive, rapid and reliable electrochemical method based on voltammetry at single wall carbon nanotube (SWNT) modified edge plane pyrolytic graphite electrode (EPPGE) is proposed for the simultaneous determination of prednisolone and prednisone in human body fluids and pharmaceutical preparations. The electrochemical response of both the drugs was evaluated by osteryoung square wave voltammetry (OSWV) in phosphate buffer medium of pH 7.2. The modified electrode exhibited good electrocatalytic properties towards prednisone and prednisolone reduction with a peak potential of ∼−1230 and ∼−1332 mV respectively. The concentration versus peak current plots were linear for both the analytes in the range 0.01-100 μM and the detection limit (3σ/slope) observed for prednisone and prednisolone were 0.45 × 10−8, 0.90 × 10−8 M, respectively. The results of the quantitative estimation of prednisone and prednisolone in biological fluids were also compared with HPLC and the results were in good agreement.  相似文献   

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A new analytical voltammetric procedure for the simultaneous determination of copper(II), lead(II), cadmium(II), zinc(II), chromium(VI), and manganese(II) in two kinds of dialysis fluid (peritoneal and haemodialysis fluids) is described. The voltammetric measurements were performed using, as working electrode, a stationary mercury electrode, and a platinum electrode and a Agmid R:AgClmid R:KCl ((sat.)) electrode as auxiliary and reference electrodes, respectively, employing 0.1 mol L(-1) dibasic ammonium citrate solution pH 6.9 as supporting electrolyte. For all the elements, the accuracy, expressed as relative recovery R%, was very satisfactory being in the range 94-105%, the precision, expressed as relative standard deviation s(r)%, was lower than 6%, while the limits of detection were of the order of a few units of microg L(-1). The analytical voltammetric procedure has been validated by comparison with spectroscopic (graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy, GFAAS) measurements.  相似文献   

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