Degree of branching of the hyperbranched polymers resulted from ab<Subscript>2</Subscript> polycondensation with substitution effect

The analytical expressions of the various structural units and the average degree of branching for the hyperbranched polymers resulted from AB₂ polycondensation with substitution effect were derived by the kinetic mechanism.The reactivity difference between the B group in linear unit and that in terminal group has great effect on the molecular parameters of the products obtained.The concentration of terminal units has a maximum with the increase of the conversion of A groups（x）.The higher the reactivity ratio（r） of linear B group to branched one is,the later the maximum appears and the larger it is.The degree of branching of the hyperbranched polymers obtained is controllable by adjusting the parameters of r and x,which increases with increasing both x and r.     

SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF HYPERBRANCHED POLYURETHANE-BENZYLTETRAZOLE

A series of hyperbranched polyurethane-benzyltetrazoles(H-PBTZs) with different linkage structures were synthesized via the polycondensation of hexamethylenediisocyanate as an A_2 type monomer with(4-(1H-tetrazol-5- yl)benzyl)-diethanolamine(TBDEA) as a BB'_2 type monomer in the absence of catalyst at different temperatures.The FTIR, and ~(13)C and ~1H-NMR spectroscopy were used to characterize the molecular structures of TBDEA and H-PBTZs as well as the counterpart linear polyurethane-benzyltetrazole(L-...     

THE DEGREE OF CRYSTALLINITY OF MULTICOMPONENT POLYMERS BY WAXD

Based on the X- ray scattering intensity theory, the correction factors of the degree ofcrystallinity formulae of the multicomponent polymers have been clearly defined. The formulae ofthe degree of crystallinity of the multicomponent polymers were derived in terms of WAXDtheory and improved graphic multipeak resolution methods. The results calculated aresatisfactory in comparison with the density measurement.     

SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF HYPERBRANCHED VINYL POLYMERS FROM RAFT POLYMERIZATION OF AN ASYMMETRIC DIVINYL MONOMER

Hyperbranched vinyl polymers were prepared by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization of a styrenic asymmetric divinyl monomer.This was achieved by using cumyl dithiobenzoate or S-dodecyl-S′- (α,α′-dimethyl-α″-acetic acid)trithiocarbonate as the chain transfer agent,1,1′-azobis(cyclohexanecarbonitrile) or thermal initiation as a source of radicals.Cross-linking was inhibited by a rapid RAFT-based equilibrium between active propagation chains and dormant species,and thus a h...     

重氮偶合反应合成超支化偶氮聚合物的光响应性能研究

利用重氮偶合反应和后重氮偶合反应制备了主链和端基含有不同假芪型偶氮苯生色团的超支化偶氮聚合物.利用氢核磁共振、紫外光谱、红外光谱等分析手段确定了合成聚合物的结构、玻璃化转变温度和光谱特性等.研究了聚合物光致二向色性的性能,此聚合物的取向有序度为0.063.用两束相干的P偏振Ar+激光对聚合物膜进行光加工,得到形状规则的正弦波形表面起伏光栅,末端偶氮苯基团的引入极大地增加了超支化偶氮聚合物的光响应速度.     

在四官能团引发剂存在下的自缩合乙烯基聚合反应制备丙烯酸酯类超支化共聚物

超支化聚合物具有特殊的结构和性能 ,可通过一步法聚合直接制得 ,具有大规模工业应用前景 .近年来 ,超支化聚合物的研究已成为高分子科学的热门课题之一[1～ 3 ] .超支化聚合物的一个主要缺点是它的分子量分布比较宽 .Ｍ櫣ｌｌｅｒ[4] 等通过理论计算指出 ,在聚合体系中加入ｆ个功能基团的分子Ｂｆ[对自缩合乙烯基聚合反应 (ＳＣＶＰ) ,Ｂｆ为ｆ个引发基的引发剂 ;对ＡＢｘ 型单体的缩聚反应 ,为有ｆ个Ｂ官能团的分子 ],可以降低超支化聚合物的分子量分布 ,这一结果已被实验证实[5～ 7] .我们用ＭｏｎｔｅＣａｒｌｏ方法模拟了在多官能团引…     

由聚丙二醇二缩水甘油醚和甘油制备温敏性超支化聚合物

由聚丙二醇二缩水甘油醚和甘油通过质子转移聚合(proton transfer polymerization)一步法制备了端羟基的温敏性超支化聚醚.聚合产物的分子量(Mn)在1.76×104~2.43×104之间,玻璃化转变温度(Tg)在-31.5~-26.7℃之间,热分解温度(Td)在367~376℃之间.通过控制聚丙二醇二缩水甘油醚和甘油的投料比,实现了对温敏性超支化聚醚最低临界溶解温度(LCST)的调节,LCST可控制在28.3~39.6℃之间.     

官能化度对环氧树脂类偶氮聚合物光致取向的影响

利用光诱导双折射和偏振红外光谱法研究了偶氮官能化度对环氧树脂类偶氮聚合物BP-AZ-CA的光致取向行为的影响,重点研究了偶氮官能化度对偶氮生色团和聚合物主链的光致取向速度及饱和取向程度的影响规律.结果表明,随着偶氮官能化度的增加,偶氮生色团和聚合物主链的光致取向速度均降低,但二者的饱和取向程度增加.体系中氢键相互作用的增强是导致BP-AZ-CA的光致取向行为随偶氮官能化度增加而变化的原因之一.     

A2和B3单体重氮偶合反应制备超支化偶氮聚合物

利用A2/B3单体通过重氮偶合反应制备了超支化偶氮聚合物.利用核磁共振、红外光谱、紫外光谱和DSC热分析手段表征了聚合物的结构、光谱性能和玻璃化转变温度.合成的超支化偶氮聚合物具有很好的光响应性能,用488nm Ar+激光对超支化偶氮聚合物薄膜进行光加工,得到了规则的表面起伏光栅.     

溶剂手性转移法制备超支化共轭聚合物手性荧光纳米粒子

通过Suzuki缩合反应制备了一系列新型不同超支化结构的9,9-二辛基芴-联二噻吩交替共聚物(HF8T2s).以手性溶剂(R)-(+)-/(S)-(-)-柠檬烯为手性源,在三氯甲烷/((R)-(+)-或(S)-(-)-)柠檬烯/甲醇混合溶剂体系里,通过溶剂手性转移技术,制备了分别以三苯胺、三苯基苯和螺二芴为支化单元的超支化聚(9,9-二辛基芴-联二噻吩)手性荧光纳米粒子.在混合溶剂中形成的荧光纳米粒子的手性来源于手性溶剂(R)-(+)-/(S)-(-)-柠檬烯.以三苯胺为支化单元时,支化单元的含量为4.56%时聚合物的手性信号最强,支化单元的含量为6.76%时聚合物的手性信号消失.以三苯基苯和螺二芴为支化单元时,支化单元的含量分别为1.85%(三苯基苯)和1.78%(螺二芴)时聚合物的手性信号最强,支化单元的含量较高(三苯基苯:4.68%和6.56%,螺二芴:4.54%和6.54%)时聚合物的手性信号消失.以超支化聚合物HF8T2-TRA2(三苯胺为支化单元,支化单元含量为1.90%)为例,考察了超支化聚合物重复单元浓度、弱溶剂的种类、弱溶剂与手性溶剂比例和(R)-(+)-柠檬烯与(S)-(-)-柠檬烯比例对超支化聚合物圆二色谱光谱强度的影响.当超支化聚合物重复单元浓度为5.0×10-5mol/L,使用甲醇为弱溶剂,三氯甲烷/((R)-(+)-或(S)-(-)-)柠檬烯/甲醇之间的配比为0.3∶1.8∶0.9(V/V/V)时,超支化聚合物圆二色谱光谱强度最强.在三氯甲烷/((R)-(+)-或(S)-(-)-)柠檬烯/甲醇(0.3∶1.8∶0.9(V/V/V))混合溶剂中,聚合物重复单元浓度为5.0×10-5mol/L,超支化聚合物在350～550 nm有较强的紫外吸收,在450～700 nm有较强的荧光发射,组装成的荧光纳米粒子尺寸约为500～2000 nm.     

端丙烯酸酯基超支化聚(酯-胺)的结构分析及光固化

近年来 ,具有树枝状结构的超支化聚合物因其独特的物理化学性质而得到广泛关注[1,2 ] .超支化聚合物主要采用 3种途径合成 ,( 1 )ABn(n >2 )型及潜ABn 型单体的聚合 ;( 2 )由A2 与Bn 型单体直接聚合 ;( 3)先由特定的单体对原位形成ABn型中间体后再聚合 .其中后两种方法可直接采用商业化原料 ,因此更具有实用价值 .目前 ,基于途径 ( 2 )已合成出超支化聚酰胺[3 ] 、聚醚[4] 、聚酰亚胺[5] 和共轭聚合物[6] 等 ,但该途径容易生成凝胶化产物 ,通过控制反应物浓度、在凝胶点之前停止反应等 ,可得到溶解型超支化产物 .由于超支化聚合物具有低…     

用减差红外光谱分峰法测定EVA共聚物的总支化度及支化度分布

对EVA大分子链上出现的支链结构,可选用无规聚丙烯的支链甲基峰1378cm~(-1),2-乙基己烷的支链乙基峰780cm~(-1)和聚α-己烯的支链丁基峰730cm~(-1)作为测定总支化度、乙基和丁基支化度的量度,并得到1000C中各支化度的分布公式:(L.B为长支链)n_3/1000C=0.50564 A_(1378)/dt-1.01966 n_(C_2H_5)/1000C=1.27161 A_(780)/dt-7.67873nC_(4H9)/1000C=0.09113 A_(730)/dt-6.41352 n_(L.B)/1000C=0.50564 A_(1378)/dt-1.27161 A_(780)/dt-0.09113 A_(730)/dt+13.07259由于EVA共聚物中,测定峰会发生重叠,故先用减差FTIR光谱分峰法,扣除干扰峰对测定峰的影响后,对测定峰进行峰面积积分,再计算支链的数均支化度,其测定结果与~1H-NMR结果一致。     

Model of hyperbranched polymers formed by monomers A2 and Bg with end-capping molecules

Hyperbranched polymers, HBPs, formed via a stepwise polymerization of A₂, B_g type monomers with the addition of end-capping molecules, AR, were investigated by means of recursive and kinetic models. First, gelation curves were established based on the initial compositions of reactants at various functionalities, g, of monomers B_g. According to this guide, the hyperbranched polymers without gel fraction can be obtained. The molecular structures of HBPs, such as molecular weight and the degree of branching were calculated as related to conversion. It is shown that they can be controlled by the composition of reactants. With the addition of molecules AR, the gelation can be avoided at high conversion, and the distribution of molecular weights of polymers becomes narrower.     

烷基化程度对N-十八烷基化聚乙烯亚胺梳状高分子结构的影响

利用烷基化方法制备了烷基化取代程度(DS)介于47%～17.6%的N-十八烷基聚乙烯亚胺(PEI18C)梳状高分子.通过红外光谱、差示扫描量热法(DSC)、X-射线衍射和热失重分析等方法研究了PEI18C梳状高分子的结构、结晶行为和热稳定性,探讨了侧链烷基DS对C18侧链结晶及临界结晶行为的影响.结果发现,随DS的降低,PEI18C梳状高分子的结晶度由54.0%降至20.3%,可结晶碳原子数目由11.4个降到4.3个.受限于PEI骨架上C18烷基侧链的堆积排列模式并没有发生根本变化,仍以六方晶胞的形式进行排列.结果表明,侧链烷基DS或沿主链的侧链烷基分布密度对梳状高分子的结晶行为和临界结晶能力有明显的影响.从侧链结晶的角度,分析了侧链烷基取代度对梳状高分子结晶及热稳定性的影响.     

EFFECT OF THE DEGREE OF DVB CROSSLINKING ON THE METAL ION SPECIFICITY OF POLYACRYLAMIDE-SUPPORTED GLYCINES

Metal ion specificity studies of divinylbenzene (DVB)-crosslinked polyacrylamide-supported glycines in different structural environments were investigated. The effect of the degree of crosslinking on the specific rebinding of the desorbed metal ion was investigated towards Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), and Zn(II) ions. The metal ion-desorbed resins showed specificity for the desorbed metal ion and the specificity characteristics increases with an increasing degree of the crosslinking agent. The polymeric ligands and metal complexes were characterized by IR, UV-visible and EPR spectra, and by SEM analysis. The swelling and solvation characteristics of the crosslinked polymers, polymeric ligands and metal complexes, the effect of the pH dependence on metal ion binding and rebinding and the kinetics of metal ion binding and rebinding were also followed. The complexation resulted in the downfield shift of the carboxylate peak in the IR spectra. The EPR parameters are in agreement with a distorted tetragonal geometry. The Cu(II) ion-desorbed resins selectively rebinds Cu(II) ions from a mixture of Cu(II) and Co(II) and Cu(II) and Ni(II) ions. The resin could be regenerated several times without loss of capacity and effective for the specific and selective rebinding of Cu(II) ions.     

拟合粘度曲线法研究高聚物的长链支化

本文介绍了用计算机试误法拟合粘度曲线,讨论支化参数的方法,本法可以同时确定支化临界分子量和支化程度,在此基础上可以同时得到支化参数及平均分子量、分子量分布.以聚乙烯标准参考物:SRM 1475(线型)、1476(支化物)及镍催化顺式聚丁二烯为对象介绍了上述方法.     

含偶氮苯生色团的环氧树脂型光动力高分子的合成

1995年 ,Ｎａｔａｎｓｏｈｎ等和Ｔｒｉｐａｔｈｙ等分别同时报道了在干涉的偏振激光照射下 ,聚合物膜表面分子可发生宏观质量迁移的现象[1 ,2 ] .这种现象一经发现就得到了科技界和工业部门的广泛关注 .利用此效应可以在聚合物表面形成表面起伏光栅 (Ｓｕｒｆａｃｅｒｅｌｉｅｆｇｒａｔｉｎｇｓ)等复杂结构 ,并可用热或光的方法不留痕迹地进行擦除[3 ,4] .这类新型材料和有关的表面可逆光加工技术在光电子通讯和信息存储等领域具有很大的发展潜力和应用价值[5 ,6] .具有上述特性的聚合物也被称为光动力高分子 (Ｐｈｏｔｏｄｙｎａｍｉｃｐ…     

利用混合溶剂消除ATRP反应制备多臂星形聚合物的凝胶现象

研究了带有苄氯基团的超支化聚苯乙烯引发苯乙烯和甲基丙烯酸甲酯的ATRP反应的动力学,在良溶剂氯苯中,该反应很容易发生凝胶.如果在氯苯溶剂中反应一段时间后,加入1,4-二氧六环作为不良溶剂,则能有效阻止凝胶反应,最终得到分子量超过百万的星形聚合物.     

羧酸衍生物取代甲基苯基聚硅烷制备杂取代聚硅烷

以甲基苯基聚硅烷　(PhSiMe　) n为原料 ,在无水AlCl3 存在下 ,通过与酰氯、酸酐及酯的取代反应合成了氯代聚硅烷及一系列共聚物 .在乙酰氯的作用下 ,　(PhSiMe　) n上的苯基能够被近乎完全的取代而生成氯代聚硅烷 .一元酸酐 (乙酸酐和丙酸酐 )在用酰氧基部分取代聚硅烷上苯基的同时 ,进行得更多的还是Cl取代 .而顺丁烯二酸酐、邻苯二甲酸酐和乙酸乙酯则只进行不完全的Cl取代 ,根据分子活性的不同得到取代比率各不相同的共聚物 .初步分析了各反应的过程 ,讨论了影响反应的因素 ,同时对于各产物的荧光和紫外特性也进行了分析和讨论     

紫外一阶导数光度法测定壳聚糖的脱乙酰度

以盐酸为溶剂 ,N 乙酰基 D 葡萄糖胺为标准品 ,用紫外一阶导数光度法直接测定壳聚糖的脱乙酰度。标准曲线在 0 .0 0 2 5 0 .0 4 0 0mg·ml- 1范围内线性关系良好 ,回归方程dA/dλ =2 .349C + 0 .0 0 0 8(r =0 .9996 )。相对标准偏差为 0 .2 0 %～ 0 .76 % ,回收率为 99.8%～ 10 1.4 %。该法消除了共存物、浊度、色度的干扰 ,准确度高 ,重现性好 ,样品不需特殊处理简单易行