阻燃型聚乳酸基聚氨酯的合成与表征

以聚乳酸二醇、六次甲基二异氰酸酯和二溴新戊二醇设计合成出一系列阻燃型聚乳酸基聚氨酯。 通过核磁、凝胶色谱和红外等表征了材料的结构性能。 结果表明,二溴新戊二醇作为扩链剂可满足制备高相对分子质量聚氨酯的要求,材料的热学性能随聚乳酸二醇相对分子质量和硬段质量分数的增加而增加。 同时该类聚氨酯具有较好的力学性能,拉伸强度在50 MPa附近,接近工业级别的聚乳酸。 材料的阻燃性能随着溴质量分数的增加而增强。 当溴质量分数为8.6%,聚氨酯的极限氧指数(LOI)为28,属于难燃级别材料。     

钛酸四丁酯增韧改性聚乳酸/淀粉共混材料

制备了钛酸四丁酯[Ti(OBu)4]增韧改性的聚乳酸(PLA)/淀粉共混材料,测试了材料的加工流变性能、力学性能、共混形态、结晶性能及疏水性能和降解性能。结果表明:当mTi(OBu)4∶mPLA=0.20时,共混材料的冲击强度提高了40.9%,而弯曲强度下降了59.2%;FT-IR和SEM显示钛酸四丁酯的化学架桥作用增加了共混材料中聚乳酸与淀粉的相容,其吸水率随钛酸四丁酯含量的增加而减少,掩埋150 d后质量下降5%~8%。     

聚乳酸的合成降解及在骨折内固定材料的应用

对近年来关于生物降解材料聚乳酸的合成（包括聚合机理,聚合方法以及条件等）、降解（包括降解机理、影响因素等）以及其在可吸收骨折内固定材料中的应用作了详细综述。     

聚乳酸在生物医药领域的改性研究进展

聚乳酸类材料是一种用途广泛的生物降解高分子材料,已经成为生物医用材料中最受重视的材料之一。但由于聚乳酸本身的缺陷,限制了其在生物医学工程中的应用。对聚乳酸的改性工作就一直备受关注。本文综述了近几年聚乳酸生物降解材料的物理改性和化学改性研究进展,经改性后聚乳酸的力学性能、降解性能、亲水性能和生物活性得到有效改善,从而更好地满足了生物医用需要。     

不断向自然与金属冶金学习的高分子加工

总结了高分子材料加工的发展趋势及发展历程,并指出过去很多加工新技术的出现都得益于从自然现象及其他材料行业中获得很好的借鉴,如从蜘蛛吐丝发展出溶液纺丝成型、从玻璃吹制发展出吹塑成型、从金属锻造发展出压延成型及固相拉拔成型等;随后针对生物基可生物降解的立构复合型聚乳酸难以采用传统熔融加工方法成型的问题,借鉴金属粉末冶金加工的思路,提出了一种通过低温烧结制备高性能立构复合型聚乳酸制品的新方法.通过这种加工方法不仅可以有效解决立构复合型聚乳酸在熔融加工过程中熔体稳定性差、易降解的问题,而且可以制得耐热性好、光学透明度高、耐水解降解性佳、综合力学性能优异的高性能聚乳酸制品.     

降解可控乳酸类聚合物

聚乳酸作为生物医用材料，其降解性能最为人们关注。根据降解性能的不同，其应用也有不同的用途。本文从共聚和共混两方面综述了聚乳酸在降解可控性方面研究的最新进展，对未来的工作进行了展望。     

生物医用PLA改性研究进展北大核心CSCD

聚乳酸(polylactic acid)材料是一种用途广泛的可生物降解高分子材料,已经成为生物医用材料中最受重视的材料之一。但是聚乳酸也存在许多缺陷,限制了其在医药领域的广泛应用。本文综述了聚乳酸疏水性强、细胞亲和性差、力学性能不足,降解产物造成局部酸性积累而导致机体发生无菌性炎症反应,缺乏修复、降解、吸收速度与细胞的增殖、组织修复速度匹配的系列产品,成本高,均聚物成孔性能差等缺陷,总结了近些年国内外针对以上各个缺陷做出的改进方案,并对聚乳酸医用改性的研究发展方向进行了展望。     

聚乳酸纳米复合材料的研究进展

聚乳酸是一种重要的可生物降解/吸收高分子材料,广泛地用作可降解塑料、纤维和生物材料,市场前景广阔.它具有与聚烯烃相当的力学强度和加工性能,但耐热性和抗冲性较差.为满足各种应用的需要,其热性能、力学性能和气体阻隔性等尚需进一步提高.通过与无机纳米材料复合的方法,可以明显地提高聚乳酸的性能.本文介绍了近年来聚乳酸有机-无机纳米复合材料的制备、结构与性能等方面的研究进展,对三者的相互关系进行了评述,并对今后的研究方向进行了展望.     

可生物降解的聚乳酸弹性体的性能研究

对制备的聚乳酸（聚醚）酯型聚氨酯弹性体进行了动态力学、力学性能和降解性能的测试．结果表明，弹性体的强度和弹性都较好，它们受交联度、ＰＥＧ含量和ＰＥＧ分子量的影响．该弹性体的降解速度较快．降解过程中存在自催化效应，而且是从表面开始由表及里逐渐降解的．但材料降解过程中也会出现内部降解较快的现象．动物实验表明，该弹性体是一种能满足尿道支撑管要求的有实际应用价值的材料．     

端基含葡氨糖衍生物的聚乳酸的合成与表征

端基含葡氨糖衍生物的聚乳酸的合成与表征张国栋冯新德（北京大学高分子科学与工程系北京１００８７１）顾忠伟（国家计生委科研所药化室北京１０００８１）关键词壳多糖，聚乳酸，生物医用材料，化学修饰自从发现高分子量聚乳酸在人体内能够降解，并把这类材料引入...     

Research progress in the heat resistance,toughening and filling modification of PLA

Due to its high strength, high modulus, excellent clarity, good biodegradability and biocompatibility, poly(lactic acid) (PLA), a bio-based thermoplastic polyester, has evolved into a competitive commodity material with potential to replace conventional petrochemical-based polymers. However, the wide applications of PLA have been hampered by its native drawbacks, such as low heat distortion temperature (HDT), inherent brittleness and relatively high cost. In recent years, researchers have devoted to breaking above-mentioned bottleneck and attempted to extend the application of PLA. This review will summarize recent work about the modification of PLA, especially focusing on enhancing HDT, toughening and reducing cost.     

热塑性淀粉的制备、性质及应用研究进展

淀粉由于可降解、来源广泛、价格低廉、可再生而被认为是最具发展前景的生物降解材料之一,因此,热塑性淀粉材料的研究与开发备受关注。本文综述了近年来热塑性淀粉材料的研究进展情况,内容主要涉及了热塑性淀粉的制备、性质和应用。     

Study on the evaluation of mechanical and thermal properties of natural sisal fiber/general polymer composites reinforced with nanoclay

Composite materials, made by replacing traditional materials, are used because of their capability to produce tailor-made, desirable properties such as high tensile strength, low thermal expansion, and high strength to weight ratio. The need for the development of new materials is essential and growing day by day. The natural sisal/general polymer (GP) reinforced with nanoclay composites has become more attractive due to its high specific strength, light weight, and biodegradability. In this study, sisal–nanoclay composite is developed and its mechanical properties such as tensile strength, flexural strength, and impact strength are evaluated. The interfacial properties, internal cracks, and internal structure of the fractured surface are evaluated using scanning electron microscope. The thermal disintegration of composites are evaluated by thermogravimetric analysis. The results indicate that the incorporation of nanoclay in sisal fiber/GP can improve its properties and can be used as a substitute material for glass fiber-reinforced polymer composites.     

壳聚糖多孔支架电化学辅助沉积羟基磷灰石涂层研究

采用电化学辅助技术控制阴、阳两极溶液中的钙、磷离子定向迁移,进入壳聚糖多孔支架内部发生反应并在孔隙表面沉积,制备了有机-无机复合多孔支架.应用XRD、SEM、煅烧法、孔隙率测定和压缩实验对支架的组成、形貌、无机物沉积量、孔隙率以及压缩强度进行了表征.研究表明,处理后支架孔隙表面沉积了低结晶度的羟基磷灰石,低倍下沉积层均匀致密,在高的放大倍数下发现,沉积层中存在大量的微孔,沉积层表面存在着球状物,该球状物是由许多小片组成的.沉积6 h时沉积量为支架质量的2.81%,支架孔隙率由96.0%减少到89.8%.与纯壳聚糖支架相比,复合支架的压缩强度由0.0550 MPa提高到0.0998 MPa.     

Nanofibrillated cellulose: surface modification and potential applications

Interest in nanofibrillated cellulose has been increasing exponentially because of its relatively ease of preparation in high yield, high specific surface area, high strength and stiffness, low weight and biodegradability etc. This bio-based nanomaterial has been used mainly in nanocomposites due to its outstanding reinforcing potential. Solvent casting, melt mixing, in situ polymerization and electrospinning are important techniques for the fabrication of nanofibrillated cellulose-based nanocomposites. Due to hydrophilic character along with inherent tendency to form strong network held through hydrogen-bonding, nanofibrillated cellulose cannot uniformly be dispersed in most non-polar polymer matrices. Therefore, surface modification based on polymer grafting, coupling agents, acetylation and cationic modification was used in order to improve compatibility and homogeneous dispersion within polymer matrices. Nanofibrillated cellulose opens the way towards intense and promising research with expanding area of potential applications, including nanocomposite materials, paper and paperboard additive, biomedical applications and as adsorbent.     

Durability of Cellulosic-Fiber-Reinforced Geopolymers: A Review

Geopolymers have high early strength, fast hardening speed and wide sources of raw materials, and have good durability properties such as high temperature resistance and corrosion resistance. On the other hand, there are abundant sources of plant or cellulose fibers, and it has the advantages of having a low cost, a light weight, strong adhesion and biodegradability. In this context, the geopolymer sector is considering cellulose fibers as a sustainable reinforcement for developing composites. Cellulosic-fiber-reinforced geopolymer composites have broad development prospects. This paper presents a review of the literature research on the durability of cellulosic-fiber-reinforced geopolymer composites in recent years. In this paper, the typical properties of cellulose fibers are summarized, and the polymerization mechanism of geopolymers is briefly discussed. The factors influencing the durability of cellulosic-fiber-reinforced geopolymer composites were summarized and analyzed, including the degradation of fibers in a geopolymer matrix, the toughness of fiber against matrix cracking, the acid resistance, and resistance to chloride ion penetration, high temperature resistance, etc. Finally, the influence of nanomaterials on the properties of geopolymer composites and the chemical modification of fibers are analyzed, and the research on cellulosic-fiber-reinforced geopolymer composites is summarized.     

透明质酸及其衍生物作药物载体

透明质酸(HA)具有良好的生物相容性和生物降解性，是优良的药物载体。但其稳定性差，对强酸、强碱、热、自由基及透明质酸酶敏感，容易发生降解而限制了其应用。本文简要介绍HA的基本特性及应用，重点阐述了HA经不同的化学改性方法如酯化、交联、接枝所得衍生物作药物载体的最新研究进展。化学改性赋予了HA一系列的优良特性,如适当的机械强度、特殊的流变学特性、良好的稳定性、靶向性等,可提高、扩大HA作药物载体的性能和应用范围。最后展望了透明质酸及其衍生物作药物载体的应用前景。     

Microfibrillated cellulose and new nanocomposite materials: a review

Due to their abundance, high strength and stiffness, low weight and biodegradability, nano-scale cellulose fiber materials (e.g., microfibrillated cellulose and bacterial cellulose) serve as promising candidates for bio-nanocomposite production. Such new high-value materials are the subject of continuing research and are commercially interesting in terms of new products from the pulp and paper industry and the agricultural sector. Cellulose nanofibers can be extracted from various plant sources and, although the mechanical separation of plant fibers into smaller elementary constituents has typically required high energy input, chemical and/or enzymatic fiber pre-treatments have been developed to overcome this problem. A challenge associated with using nanocellulose in composites is the lack of compatibility with hydrophobic polymers and various chemical modification methods have been explored in order to address this hurdle. This review summarizes progress in nanocellulose preparation with a particular focus on microfibrillated cellulose and also discusses recent developments in bio-nanocomposite fabrication based on nanocellulose.     

有机-无机复合气凝胶研究进展

气凝胶具有低密度、低热导率、高比表面积及高孔隙率等优异性能,在隔热、传感、催化、吸附、储能等领域显示出良好的应用前景。但气凝胶的多孔网络结构也造成了其强度低和韧性差等问题,严重制约了气凝胶的实际应用,有机-无机复合是一种增强气凝胶力学性能的有效方法。而且,采用有机-无机复合方法制备气凝胶还可以赋予气凝胶阻燃等其他新颖的性能。本文综述了有机-无机复合气凝胶的新研究进展,分析其原理、合成方法及相关性能,指出了有机无机复合气凝胶的优势和存在问题并展望了未来的发展方向。     

深共熔溶剂及其生物催化应用

在绿色化学研究领域,溶剂占据着重要的位置。作为一个绿色溶剂必须满足廉价易得、可生物降解、无毒、可循环使用、无挥发性等标准的要求。但是至今能满足这些要求的溶剂仍然非常有限。近年来,深共熔溶剂（Deep Eutectic Solvents,DESs）被认为可以作为绿色溶剂替代传统的有机溶剂而受到广泛关注。DESs是由两个或多个成分在特定比例下形成的凝固点大大降低室温液态混合物。与离子液体相比,DESs具有廉价、低毒、可生物降解等特点,在许多领域成为研究热点。本文综述了DESs的生物降解性、毒性/细胞毒性及其作为生物催化反应介质的研究现状。基于对研究现状的认识,对DESs未来研究、应用需要解决的问题进行了讨论。作者期望对DESs生物催化应用研究现状的综述更进一步促进DESs研究、应用的发展。