含两个识别点的侧链准聚轮烷的制备

合成了侧链含烷基链(C₇)及偶氮基团(Azo)两个疏水基团修饰的聚合物4,并基于环糊精与两个疏水基团C₇、Azo的不同结合能力,制备了含两个识别点的侧链准聚轮烷.首先,在聚合物4的溶液中加入α-环糊精(α-CD),α-CD分别包结在C₇及Azo部分,得到了侧链准聚轮烷;第二步,在365 nm的紫外光光照下,聚合物4侧链端基的trans-Azo异构为cis-Azo,α-CD从Azo部分解离,但α-CD仍包结在C₇部分,得到了侧链聚轮烷;第三步,在侧链聚轮烷溶液中加入β-环糊精(β-CD),β-CD包结在cis-Azo部分,得到了α-CD、β-CD分别包结两个疏水识别点的侧链准聚轮烷.     

醇/盐双水相体系中α-环己基扁桃酸手性分子识别

以含羟丙基-β-环糊精（HP-β-CD）手性识别剂的醇/盐双水相体系作为一种新型的手性识别萃取体系,研究了α-环己基扁桃酸(CHMA)对映体在其中的手性识别行为.详细考察了HP-β-CD浓度、CHMA浓度、乙醇和硫酸铵质量分数、体系温度和pH值等因素对CHMA对映体分配比（D）和分离因子(α)的影响.结果显示,含有手性识别剂HP-β-CD的乙醇∕硫酸铵双水相体系对CHMA对映体具有很强的手性识别能力;体系中HP-β-CD浓度、乙醇质量分数、温度和pH值等因素对对映体的分离度影响较大;在体系温度为40 ℃,pH值为2,乙醇质量分数为30%,硫酸铵质量分数为15%,HP-β-CD的浓度为50 g.L-1,CHMA浓度为0.5 mmol.L-1时,手性识别分离效果最佳,分离因子（α）达到了1.86.     

环糊精和α-萘乙酸包络物的核磁共振研究

利用溶液2D-ROESY谱,利用溶液2D-ROESY谱, 13C固体高分辨谱以及自扩散系数测量等核磁共振技术, 研究了环糊精(CD)和α-萘乙酸(α-NAA)的相互作用. 结果表明, α-CD和β-CD均能与α-NAA形成包络物, 但是由于尺寸更为匹配, β-CD与α-NAA体系的包络相互作用强度明显比α-CD和α-NAA体系的大; 通过测量 β-CD与α-NAA混合溶液中α-NAA的自扩散系数, 计算出包络物结合与解离的平衡常数, 以此为基础对β-CD/α-NAA 体系在实现α-NAA缓释方面的应用方式进行了探讨. 13C固体高分辨谱以及自扩散系数测量等核磁共振技术, 研究了环糊精(CD)和α-萘乙酸(α-NAA)的相互作用. 结果表明, α-CD和β-CD均能与α-NAA形成包络物, 但是由于尺寸更为匹配, β-CD与α-NAA体系的包络相互作用强度明显比α-CD和α-NAA体系的大; 通过测量 β-CD与α-NAA混合溶液中α-NAA的自扩散系数, 计算出包络物结合与解离的平衡常数, 以此为基础对β-CD/α-NAA 体系在实现α-NAA缓释方面的应用方式进行了探讨.     

聚氧化乙烯水溶液粘度的测定

测定了不同分子量聚氧化乙烯(PEO)在水溶液中的粘度，发现在低浓度区高分子溶液比浓粘度出现负偏离。用高分子溶液流过时间对浓度作图的外推值t0^*重新计算相对粘度，则高分子溶液比浓粘度与浓度之间满足线性关系。不同分子量PEO水溶液流过时间对浓度作图的外推值t0^*是完全一致的。利用纯溶剂在粘度计中流过时间的改变确定了高分子在毛细管管壁上吸附层的厚度，发现PEO在毛细管管壁上吸附层厚度与分子量无关。     

交联聚丙烯酸固载化氧化β-环糊精的合成及其对尿素的吸附性能

大孔交联聚丙烯酸树脂(D151和D152)用氯化亚砜转化为酰氯后,通过成酯反应固载β-环糊精,再进一步用高碘酸钠氧化,合成出具有环状多醛结构的交联聚丙烯酸固载化氧化β-环糊精。系统研究了反应条件对β-环糊精固载化反应的影响,发现摩尔投料比(—COC1/β-CD)为1.5—1/1、温度80℃、时间24 h为最佳固载反应条件。探讨交联聚丙烯酸固载化氧化β-环糊精对尿素的吸附性能,阐明了吸附时间、溶液中尿素浓度、及介质pH值等对吸附量的影响。在尿素浓度130 mg/dL、吸附时间4h、介质pH 7、温度25℃时,交联聚丙烯酸固载化氧化β-环糊精对尿素呈现出最大吸附量82.13 mg/g。     

荧光法研究葛根素与β-环糊精及其衍生物包合作用

采用荧光光谱法研究了β-环糊精(β-CD)、羟丙基-β-环糊精(HP-β-CD)、甲基-β-环糊精(M-β-CD)、磺丁基-β-环糊精(SBE-β-CD)在室温下、一定pH值的缓冲溶液中,对葛根素(puerarin)的包合作用.在固定葛根素溶液浓度和改变β-环糊精及其衍生物浓度的情况下,根据葛根素的荧光发射波长的变化、...     

聚己内酯-环糊精包合物对聚己内酯结晶行为的影响

采用溶液共混的方法制备了α-环糊精(α-CD)和聚己内酯(PCL)的包合物PCLIC,用X射线衍射和红外光谱对其结构进行了表征,并研究了α-CD、β-CD和PCLC对PCL结晶行为的影响,结果表明线性PCL穿入α-环糊精分子内腔形成了隧道状晶体结构,而且PCLIC对PCL具有明显的异相成核作用,其成核效率比α-CD和β-CD高.     

聚(L-天冬氨酸)衍生物-顺铂结合物的制备及体外细胞毒性研究

通过α,β-聚(L-天冬氨酸)及其衍生物α,β,L-天冬氨酸和[α,β,L-(N-羟乙基)天冬酰胺]共聚物,[α,β,L-(N-羟乙基)天冬酰胺]和[α,β,L-(N-丁二酸基)天冬酰胺]共聚物为载体,与顺式二氯二氨合铂(Ⅱ)结合,合成了相应高分子-顺铂结合物.研究结果表明,在中性pH值络合最有效,聚合物-顺铂结合物的体外细胞毒性随结合物浓度增大而增大,但均小于同浓度顺铂毒性.     

聚合物对非离子十二烷基聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯醚浊点的影响

测定了水溶性高分子聚乙二醇(PEC1000、PEG2000、PEG6000)和聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP-K30、PVP-K90)对三种非离子表面活性剂十二烷基聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯醚C12H25O(EO)m(PO)nH(LS36,m=3,n=6;LS5,m=4,n=5;LS54,m=5,n=4)浊点的影响.结果表明,聚乙二醇(PEG)可使三种表面活性剂水溶液浊点降低;而聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)随其浓度增加,表面活性剂溶液浊点先升高然后又下降;浊点下降程度与聚合物浓度和分子量有关.     

β-环糊精与阿霉素相互作用荧光光谱

用荧光光谱技术确定了β-环糊精（β-CD）与阿霉素（ADM）之间的超分子包络物ADM-β-CD的形成。 研究了时间、浓度和温度对包络反应的影响,确定了包络物形成的化学计量比,计算了在不同温度下的包络常数和包络反应的热力学参数。 在33 ℃、pH=7.0时,包络常数K=2.98×106 L/mol,且包络常数随温度升高而变小,该包络反应属于焓驱动的自发的放热反应。 由于β-CD对ADM的天然荧光有增强作用,因此,ADM与β-CD形成超分子包络物后,荧光强度增大,荧光光谱是研究ADM与β-CD超分子包络反应的很好的技术。 求得β-CD增敏荧光法定量测定ADM的线性回归方程为:F=5.64×108c+47.26,相关系数r=0.9985,检测下限为6.30×10-8 mol/L。     

苯肼-α-环糊精包合物吸附行为的光谱与电化学研究

研究了水溶液体系中α环糊精(αCD)存在时盐酸苯肼(PH)的光吸收行为及电化学行为.紫外可见光谱结果表明,水溶液体系中盐酸苯肼(PH)与α环糊精(αCD)可生成1∶1包合物,经测定该包合物的包合常数(Kf)为178mol-1·dm3;与未被包合的PH相比较,PH与α环糊精生成的包合物对光及氧的敏感性质大大降低.该性质可用于改进盐酸苯肼的保存方法,并拓宽了其在医药工业中的应用范围.实验还发现水溶液体系中α环糊精存在时盐酸苯肼的电化学氧化行为得到极大的抑制.     

环糊精毛细管区带电泳分离手性药物对映体

分别以2种天然环糊精(β、γ-环糊精)、2种常用的电中性环糊精衍生物(羟丙基-β-环糊精、二甲基-β-环糊精)和3种新型荷电环糊精衍生物(高取代磺酸基α、β、γ-环糊精)作为毛细管区带电泳手性添加剂,研究了环糊精的类型对6种手性药物对映体分离的影响.2种天然环糊精对所研究的手性药物均无手性识别能力,而环糊精经过衍生化后手性识别能力得到了很大的提髙,尤其是高取代磺酸基β-环糊精使6种手性药物均得到了基线分离.还考察了缓冲溶液的pH值和有机添加剂对手性分离的影响.     

Photocontrolled transparent–opaque transition of a thermosensitive homopolymer solution based on an azobenzene–cyclodextrin system

A solution displaying photocontrolled transparent–opaque transition was prepared through combination of a thermosensitive polymer, poly(N-(3-ethoxypropyl)acrylamide) (PEPAAm), with α-cyclodextrin (α-CD) and a water-soluble azobenzene compound, Azo-Py⁺. α-CD increased the cloud point of an aqueous solution of PEPAAm through formation of inclusion complexes between α-CD and the side groups of PEPAAm. After Azo-Py⁺ was added, the cloud point of the solution decreased because most of the α-CD formed complexes with Azo-Py⁺. The concentration of free α-CD was changed by photocontrolled inclusion of Azo-Py⁺ in α-CD or exclusion of Azo-Py⁺ from α-CD, allowing the cloud point of PEPAAm/α-CD/Azo-Py⁺ solution to be changed up and down. Consequently, the transparent–opaque transition of this solution was realised by alternating irradiation with UV and visible light at 38°C.     

The protonation thermodynamics of cyclodextrin-containing polymers for drug inclusion

A poly(amido-amine), PAA, bearing β-CD units in the side chain was synthesized by a polyaddition reaction of 1,4-bis-acryloyl-piperazine with 6-monodeoxy-6-monoamino-β-cyclodextrin (β-CD-NH₂). Unlike the simple β-CD-NH₂ with a greater basicity constant (log K = 8.60), the polymer revealed an unusual polyelectrolyte behaviour with a lower basicity constant (log K° = 6.29) of the tertiary nitrogen atom, that is strongly dependent on the degree of protonation α of the whole macromolecule. It follows the modified Henderson–Hasselbalch equation with n = 1.75, in a wide α-range. The greater (?46.1 kJ/mol) and the lower (?27.6 kJ/mol) enthalpy (ΔH°) changes of the compounds were in line with the protonation of a primary or a tertiary nitrogen atom. The calorimetric data suggested that the PAA protonation destroyed a packing structure formed by two rigid β-CD side chains interacting head-to-head. The UV spectrophotometric data showed that the PAA exhibits affinity towards the l-ascorbic acid at low pH (pH 2.46) with an isosbestic point at 241 nm and a slight blue shift of the maximum absorption of the ascorbic acid (244 nm) on PAA additions.     

Phase separation behavior of aqueous solutions of a thermoresponsive polymer

Cloud‐point and binodal curves of the LCST type were obtained for aqueous solutions of a thermoresponsive polymer, poly [2‐(2‐ethoxy)ethoxyethyl vinyl ether], poly(EOEOVE). The cloud‐point curve obtained was very flat except in a dilute region, that is the cloud‐point temperature was insensitive to the polymer concentration, resembling the cloud‐point curve for aqueous solutions of poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide). On the other hand, the binodal curve obtained was parabolic, and located within the two‐phase region of the cloud‐point curve. Accompanied with the phase separation, a sharp endothermic peak was observed in a region including the cloud‐point and binodal temperatures. The reciprocal of the osmotic compressibility ?Π/?c obtained by sedimentation equilibrium indicated that water changes from a good to poor solvent for poly(EOEOVE) with increasing temperature. Analyzing the ?Π/?c data by a thermodynamic perturbation theory, we determined the interchain interaction parameters, the hard‐core diameter d and the depth ε of the square‐well potential. Theoretical binodal and endothermic curves calculated by the perturbation theory using the estimated interaction parameters reproduced experimental ones semiquantitatively, but the theoretical binodal disagreed with the experimental flat cloud‐point curve. The disagreement at high concentrations was in the opposite direction to that expected from the sample polydispersity in the molecular weight. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 43: 2937–2949, 2005     

以环糊精为核的星形高分子合成及其温度、pH敏感性研究

以不同用量的氯乙酰氯与 β 环糊精反应 ,得到含有不同酰化度的氯乙酰化 β 环糊精 ,以此化合物为引发剂 ,采用原子转移自由基 (ATRP)引发甲基丙烯酸N ,N 二甲氨基乙酯 (DMAEMA)聚合 ,得到温度及pH敏感的以 β 环糊精为核的星形聚合物 .通过红外光谱、1 3C NMR、1 H NMR和氯元素滴定分析确定了酰化后的 β 环糊精的结构 ,并采用红外光谱、1 H NMR、元素分析、DSC表征了以 β 环糊精分子为核的星形聚甲基丙烯酸N ,N 二甲氨基乙酯的大分子结构 ,紫外光谱研究表明聚合物水溶液具有明显的温度和pH敏感性 .     

Enantioseparation of basic pharmaceutical compounds by capillary electrophoresis using sulfated cyclodextrins. Application to E-6006, a novel antidepressant

In this study, a chiral capillary electrophoresis method was optimized and validated for E-6006, a thienylpyrazolylethanamine derivative (pK_a 8.9). Enantioselectivity of neutral and anionic cyclodextrins (CDs) was evaluated at acid pH (3), obtaining cathodic and anodic migration, respectively. Hydroxypropyl-β-CD, carboxymethyl-β-CD and sulfobutyl ether-β-CD led to similar and partial selectivity, whereas sulfate (S)-β-CD produced baseline separation of the enantiomers. Four types of sulfated CDs were compared considering: cavity size (, β, γ) and random substitution versus unique derivative (S-β-CD, 6-heptakis-S-β-CD). Complete peak separation was obtained in all cases, but with different affinity and binding strength. Some factors that play a role in the complex formation include: position/region/degree of substitution, size of CD cavity and proportion of derivatives in mixtures. Enantioaffinity and enantioselectivity increased with the average of sulfate groups/mol. β Cavity size complexed better, although and γ cavities did not compromise separation. 6-Heptakis-S-β-CD had less affinity and separation efficiency, attributed to its lower degree and unique position of substitution. The method was optimized with S-β-CD (Aldrich, randomly substituted, 7–11 groups/mol). With this selector, the effect of pH value (3–9) was evaluated. Around pH 7 the cross-over point with change in the direction and order of migration was observed, associated with great enantioselectivity and long migration times. Fine tuning was done by adjusting the CD concentration and the buffer counterion. Definitive conditions were: uncoated silica capillary, 10 mM S-β-CD–25 mM sodium phosphate, pH 3. Validation parameters are included.     

Inclusion Complexes of Atrazine with α-, β- and γ-Cyclodextrins. Evidence by Polarographic Kinetic Currents

The reduction of atrazine in acidic aqueous media on mercury electrodes proceeds only after the protonation reaction. In fact, the efficiency of the reduction process is very low at pHs greater than 4. However, the addition of cyclodextrins (CDs) to neutral aqueous solutions of atrazine yields a kinetically controlled polarographic reduction wave, whose limiting current depends on the size of the CD cavity, and increases with the concentration of the CD itself. In particular, the size of the increase follows the order -CD < -CD < -CD for the same CD concentration. The half-wave potential shifts toward more negative values when the concentration of CDs increases. These findings lead to the conclusion that atrazine and CDs form an inclusion complex, whose stability constant we have estimated, and also that atrazine undergoes protonation facilitated by complexation with CDs. The stability constants of 1:1 complexes evaluated from polarographic data in 0.1M-KCl and at neutral pH for -CD, -CD and -CD are 4900, 1970 and 19000, respectively. The formation of the inclusion complex was indirectly confirmed by UV-Vis measurements in the presence of methylred and phenolphthalein, which both compete with atrazine in the formation of the corresponding inclusion compounds with CDs.     

聚乙烯亚胺表面改性硅藻土及其对苯酚吸附特性的研究

使用紫外吸收光度法研究了硅藻土对聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)的等温吸附;采用浸渍法,用PEI对硅藻土进行了表面改性;使用4-氨基安替比林光度法研究了经PEI表面改性的硅藻土对苯酚的捕集行为.研究结果表明,凭借强烈的静电相互作用,表面带负电荷的硅藻土粉体对阳离子性大分子PEI具有很强的吸附能力,等温吸附满足Freundlich吸附方程;经PEI表面改性后,硅藻土粉体表面的电性发生了根本性改变,且等电点由pH=2.0移至pH=10.5;在中性溶液中,改性粉体通过氢键作用与静电相互作用的协同,对水溶液中的苯酚会产生很强的捕集作用,饱和吸附量可达92 mg/g;在酸性溶液中改性粉体通过氢键相互作用,对水溶液中的苯酚产生一定的吸附作用,但由于PEI分子链高度的质子化,氮原子对苯酚的氢键相互作用很弱,吸附量很低.