微球激光的最新研究进展

利用回音壁模式微球腔的高Q谐振原理,可以获得微球激光。研究了微球腔的特点和微球激光产生的原理,介绍了单量子点、表面栅耦合和光纤耦合三种微球激光器,讨论了获得高Q值微球腔的方法,提出采用半导体纳米微球及通过旋转电弧或者旋涂方式制成的玻璃微球,给出了微球激光器的几种应用以及当前国内外最新进展。     

光学微球腔及其应用

光学微球腔因其极高的品质因和极小的模式体积，在非线性光学、腔体量子电动力学以及窄带光学滤波、高灵敏度运动传感器、极低阈值激光器等许多研究与应用领域具有广泛的应用前景。文章对光学微球腔的谐振原理、特点、耦合、制备和应用进行了综述。     

光学微球腔的壳层结构研究

使用时域有限差分法,对带表面壳层的光学微球腔进行模拟计算,分析了微腔内回音壁模式的能量密度分布,总结了壳层厚度对微球腔谐振性能的影响,并由此探讨对微球腔进行调谐和模式控制的方法.采用这种壳层结构,微球腔的谐振性能得到了有效提高（Q值提高了30％以上,模式体积减小了60％）,为光学微球腔后续的结构设计和实际应用提供了一个新的优化思路.     

基于回音壁模式微球腔的PDH稳频技术

光学微球腔因其回音壁模式可获得极高的品质因数而受到广泛关注.本文分析了Fabry-Perot腔和微球腔的基本原理,通过CO2激光熔融光纤实验制得了直径为1.2 mm的微球腔,并测试了微球腔和锥形光纤耦合结构的耦合特性.采用典型的PDH稳频系统设计了基于微球腔的稳频系统,分析了用于鉴频的误差曲线的吸收特性和色散特性,对比了不同调制频率、微球腔直径、耦合损耗、传输损耗下与误差曲线斜率的关系.结果表明:耦合状态下最大Q值可达到1.1×108,调节微球腔内横磁模和横电模的转换可优化耦合效率,匹配微球腔和锥形光纤的尺寸得到了径向二阶模式的透射谱,误差曲线效率达到15.4A mW/MHz.球腔在提高PDH稳频技术灵敏度上具有巨大潜力.     

柱形微腔回音壁激光光谱模式的精确标定

由柱形微腔中回音壁模式满足的本征值方程,得到确定回音壁模式位置和间距的近似解析公式。以此近似解析公式,首次对直径在215～328 μm间的5个柱形微腔回音壁激光光谱做了模式标定。在用近似解析公式对柱形微腔激光光谱的数值作拟合的计算中,除了回音壁模的径向模式数(l)和角动量模式数(n)外无需其他拟合参数,解析公式的拟合值和实验激光光谱波长值间的偏差小于0.05 nm,拟合结果精确可靠。柱形微腔回音壁激光光谱模式的精确标定在模式的场分布计算以及频移型微腔生物传感器的研究应用中具有重要作用,文章介绍的方法亦可应用于柱形微腔直径和折射率的精密测量。     

毛细管内嵌微球谐振腔的温度传感特性研究

对基于毛细管的微球谐振腔耦合器件的耦合机理与温度传感特性进行了研究.微球支持较多的高阶模式,易与石英毛细管模式满足相位匹配条件,因此微球回音壁模式会被激发.使用钛酸钡微球进行了温度传感实验,为进一步提升传感的灵敏度,采用聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(polymethyl methacrylate,PMMA)微球进行了温度传感实验....     

基于回音壁微腔拉曼激光的纳米粒子探测

回音壁模式光学微腔由于其品质因子高、模式体积小等优点, 近年来在非标记性的纳米粒子探测方面得到了广泛的重视, 开展了大量的研究, 取得了重要的进展. 利用回音壁微腔的拉曼激光, 通过测量纳米粒子造成的模式劈裂的拍频, 可以实现不同环境下纳米粒子的实时探测. 与传统的稀土离子掺杂法不同, 这种方法采用腔的内禀增益, 不仅提高了应用回音壁模式微腔进行纳米粒子探测的极限, 而且避免了传统方法中稀土离子能级对泵浦光的限制, 拓展了应用范围. 这种方法还可以应用于其他材料的回音壁微腔, 如硅基微环腔等, 以及光子晶体结构、超材料等受损耗限制的系统中. 本文简单介绍了回音壁模式光学微腔进行纳米粒子探测的基本原理以及最新研究进展.     

在纤式回音壁模式微球谐振腔及其传感特性

提出一种在纤式回音壁模式微球谐振腔,并对其温度和折射率传感特性进行研究。首先,分析了不同尺寸的微球腔与光纤结构耦合时的相位匹配情况,以锥形光纤为探针来拾取并移动钛酸钡微球,将其嵌入空心光纤,形成在纤式谐振腔结构,从而在微球中激发回音壁模式,并与空心光纤端面的反射光相互作用,产生法诺共振。实验结果表明,激发的法诺共振峰曲线的斜率高达-99.3 dB/nm。另外,通过实验证明了此结构对温度和折射率均具有较好的传感特性,灵敏度分别为26.8 pm/℃和-244.97 dB/RIU。该谐振腔性能稳定、结构紧凑、加工简单,在纤式的反射结构使其有望在复杂的传感环境中发挥作用。     

976 nm激光抽运二氧化硅微球级联拉曼散射激光的研究

利用电极放电产生的电弧高温熔融二氧化硅单锥细纤, 熔融的二氧化硅在表面张力作用下形成表面光滑的微球, 完成高品质因子微球腔的制备. 将976 nm激光通过锥光纤以倏逝场方式高效耦合入微球, 研究具有高能量密度回廊模的微球腔中的三阶非线性现象——受激拉曼散射现象. 在实验中测得了六级级联的拉曼散射激光, 各级拉曼散射激光分别测得单纵模或多纵模; 在抽运光功率不少于582.6 μW时, 测得位于1200 nm附近的拉曼散射激光; 当抽运光功率为3.014 mW时, 测得位于1287.04 nm附近的第六级拉曼散射激光. 关键词： 微球腔 锥光纤 高品质因子 拉曼散射激光     

激光等离子体微推进技术的研究进展

为了加快激光等离子体微推进技术（μLPP）在航天领域的应用,介绍了该项技术近10年的发展状况。讨论了激光等离子体微推进技术发展过程中衍生出的各种工作模式,并简略分析了不同工作模式的优缺点。着重介绍了靶特性对激光微推进性能的影响,包括靶材的选择、靶的结构、靶材掺杂,以及靶物相特性等。针对该项技术的最终发展目标是研制微小卫星姿轨控的激光等离子体微推力器（μLPT）,介绍并分析了美国Phipps小组开展的激光微推力器的研制工作。最后,指出了激光等离子体微推进技术目前存在的一些问题,并展望了它的发展前景。     

Development of multi-wavelength microsphere fibre laser system for potential sensor applications

A multi-wavelength microsphere laser system, using a chirped fibre Bragg grating and a microsphere resonator as wavelength-selective elements and a high dopant erbium doped fibre as the gain material, has been successfully demonstrated. The multi-wavelength generation of the laser system arises from both the microsphere whispering gallery mode selection and from the additional Raman scattering inside the microsphere cavity when the erbium laser is operating at resonance with the whispering gallery modes. Through an appropriate design and fabrication of a microsphere and of a fibre taper, a selective multi-wavelength fibre laser has been realized when the pump power is above threshold required. The laser output lines created have shown much narrower linewidths than those from conventional fibre lasers and these characteristics are particularly suitable for the range of sensor applications envisaged in the work.     

Characteristics of Er and Er-Yb-Cr doped phosphate microsphere fibre lasers

In this paper both Er and Er-Yb-Cr doped phosphate microspheres have been successfully created through precise melting of the ends of fibre tapers, drawn, respectively, from Er and Er-Yb-Cr doped phosphate glasses. When coupled with a fibre taper, a microsphere fibre laser cavity can thus be configured creating a system pumped by a 980 nm laser diode and using an optical spectrum analyzer to monitor the spectral characteristics of the laser output. The performance and characteristics of the Er and Er-Yb-Cr microsphere lasers thus created are discussed in detail and cross-compared in this paper. Both lasers have shown low-threshold in terms of the pump power and the laser output wavelengths and a close investigation of the system has shown that the output power and laser stability are closely related to the size of the microsphere, the pump power and the microsphere material composition.     

Anticrossing of Whispering Gallery Modes in microdisk resonators embedded in an anisotropic environment

We numerically investigate the behavior of Whispering Gallery Modes (WGMs) in circularly shaped resonators like microdisks, with diameters in the range of optical vacuum wavelengths. The microdisk is embedded in an uniaxial anisotropic dielectric environment. By changing the optical anisotropy, one obtains spectral tunability of the optical modes. The degree of tunability strongly depends on the radial (azimuthal) mode order M (N). As the modes approach each other spectrally, anticrossing is observed, leading to a rearrangement of the optical states.     

Evaluation of single virus detection through optical biosensor based on microsphere resonator

Shift of resonance frequency in microsphere optical resonator due to attachment of a desirable particle is obtained. Our 3-D finite element numerical method (FEM) simulations’ results show the path of light through microsphere and its variation due to attachment of particle. It is apparent that after attachment of particle to microsphere's surface, light is inclined to pass through the particle. Subsequently, the path of light becomes longer than previous. Because of this phenomenon, the resonance wavelength shifts to longer wavelengths. It is shown that microsphere optical resonator is a prominent biosensor for single virus detection since we applied characteristics of virus for particle in our simulations. Response of this biosensor depends on the characteristics of particle like its radius as we show in this article. Transmission spectrum of fiber which reveals a selected resonance frequency, have been studied in the frequency range of 106.3 to 107 THz under three different sizes of particles. The results show that the amount of frequency shift rises by enhancement of particle's size.     

Observation of microlaser with Er-doped phosphate glass coated microsphere pumped by 780 nm

The silica microspheres coated with a thin layer of Er-doped phosphate glass are fabricated and whispering-gallery modes (WGMs) with quality factor of 8 × 10⁶ in the 780 nm band are obtained. We demonstrate that the microsphere can form single-mode and multi-mode microlaser in communication-band with a pumping laser of wavelength 780 nm band. Moreover, the representative lateral emission distributed modes in the microsphere can be directly observed via the upconverted photoluminescence.     

Microcavity‐Stabilized Quantum Cascade Laser

Narrow‐linewidth lasers are key elements in optical metrology and spectroscopy. Spectral purity of these lasers determines accuracy of the measurements and quality of collected data. Solid state and fiber lasers are stabilized to relatively large and complex external optical cavities or narrow atomic and molecular transitions to improve their spectral purity. While this stabilization technique is rather generic, its complexity increases tremendously moving to longer wavelenghts, to the infrared (IR) range. Inherent increase of losses of optical materials at longer wavelengths hinders realization of compact, room temperature, high finesse IR cavities suitable for laser stabilization. In this paper, we report on demonstration of quantum cascade lasers stabilized to high‐Q crystalline mid‐IR microcavities. The lasers operating at room temperature in the 4.3‐4.6 μm region have a linewidth approaching 10 kHz and are promising for on‐chip mid‐IR and IR spectrometers.

     

基于线性光学原理的激光防护镜近况

随着激光技术的发展,激光在军事领域的应用越来越广泛。因此,如何防护激光对人眼的损害就显得越来越重要。本文分析了激光对人眼的危害,介绍了几种常用激光器的眼睛安全标准,综述了基于线性光学原理的激光防护镜的防护原理及国内外研制概况,并对三类基于线性光学原理的激光防护镜的优缺点进行了简要的比较。针对目前存在的问题,评述了激光防护镜今后的发展趋势。     

基于非线性光学理论的激光防护材料近况

按照防护原理,可将激光防护材料分为基于线性光学理论的防护材料和基于非线性光学理论的防护材料。综述了基于非线性光学理论的多种激光防护方法及其防护原理,介绍了基于非线性光学理论的多种新型防护材料及其研究进展,比较了四种基于非线性光学理论的激光防护方法的优、缺点,简短地分析了激光防护材料今后发展的基本方向。     

Efficiency of frequency-pulsed excitation of a micron-sized spherical microcavity by chirped ultrashort laser radiation

Peculiarities of internal optical field resonant excitation inside micron-sized spherical transparent dielectric cavity illuminated by a train of ultrashort laser pulses are investigated. On an example of water microdroplet is shown that optimal tuning of incident radiation to a selected high-Q resonance electromagnetic cavity mode can be realized by varying temporal interpulse interval in a laser train together with linear frequency modulation of every pulse (chirp). Efficiency of resonant particle excitation by a chirped picosecond pulses train can be considerably increased as compared to unchirped pulse train and CW excitation also.