Deflection of a phase-conjugate wave in nondegenerate four-wave mixing

The boundary problem for signal phase conjugation at nondegenerated four-wave mixing (FWM) is considered. In contrast to the statements of some authors it is shown that noncollinearity of the incident and the phase-conjugate waves occur. Expressions have been obtained for the deflection angle for a number of configurations of practical importance. Useful analogy between linear and nonlinear reflection at the FWM is noted.     

Fluctuations in the phase-conjugate signal generated via degenerate four-wave mixing

The excess fluctuations of the phase-conjugate (PC) signal generated via pulsed degenerate four-wave mixing (DFWM) in sodium vapor are investigated. Various dye-laser oscillator and amplifier combinations are employed to trace the sources of these fluctuations. For DFWM driven by an externally-stabilized cw dye-laser oscillator amplified with a dye system pumped by the smoothed pulses of a Nd:YAG laser, the PC excess fluctuations are very highly correlated with the energy fluctuations of the input amplified dye-laser pulses. Thus, input-pulse selection on the basis of energy alone permits observation of the quantum-mechanical fluctuations of the PC signal.     

On the finesse of a phase-conjugate Fabry-Perot resonator using nearly-degenerate four-wave mixing

We consider a Fabry-Perot cavity in which one of the mirrors is a phase-conjugate mirror (PCM) using near-degenerate four-wave mixing. We show that when taking pump depletion into account, the divergence in finesse of the resonator predicted by linear theories for a resonator round trip gain approaching unity is eliminated. The saturation of the finesse as a function of pump intensity leads to a new kind of bistability in the transmission characteristics of the system.     

Model of a degenerate four-wave mixing phase-conjugate mirror without slowly varying envelope approximation

The exact solution to the boundary value problem for a simple conjugator model is presented. The analysis shows that, for this model, it is necessary to introduce two reflected and two transmitted waves. No SVEA approximation is used to obtain the exact formulae for the amplitudes of the reflected waves. The role of the boundaries in the phase-conjugation process is stressed.     

High-contrast coherent population trapping resonances using four-wave mixing in 87Rb

We demonstrate very high-contrast coherent population trapping(1) (CPT) resonances by using four-wave mixing in (87)Rb atoms. In the experiment, we take advantage of the spectral overlap between F=2-->F(?) and F=3-->F(?) optical resonances on the D1 line of (87)Rb and (85)Rb atoms, respectively, to eliminate the DC-light background from the CPT resonance signal. We observe a CPT resonance with a contrast in the range of 90%, compared with a few percent achieved by alternative methods.     

Slow light with degenerate backward-wave four-wave mixing

We report on a slowing down of light pulses using degenerate backward-wave four-wave mixing in a photorefractive crystal. The delay and width of the output pulse for the amplified transmitted beam and for the phase-conjugated beam are studied as a function of the input pulse width. We demonstrate that the four-wave mixing process ensures a larger slowing down of short pulses compared to the photorefractive two-beam coupling scheme and guarantees the elimination of forerunners, which are among the principal drawbacks for slowing down of short pulses with two-beam coupling. The technique may be extended to slowing down of light with degenerate or nearly degenerate backward-wave four-wave mixing based on other types of nonlinearities.     

Photorefractive four-wave mixing with partially coherent light beams

Received: 11 April 1997/Revised version: 22 May 1997     

高对比度透射光谱中碰撞增强的Hanle共振

在高对比度透射光谱中观察到线宽18mG(FWHM)钠原子基态中碰撞增强的Hanle共振.此共振的线宽仍表现出Dicke变窄效应,但信号的强度却随着缓冲气体压强急剧地增加.     

OH rotational temperature and number density measurements in high-pressure laminar flames using double phase-conjugate four-wave mixing

OH number densities and rotational temperatures up to 9 bar have been measured using double-phase-conjugate four-wave mixing (DPCFWM) in flat laminar premixed methane/air flames. By phase conjugating the backward pump to the forward pump with a phase-conjugate mirror conventional degenerate four-wave mixing (DFWM) becomes DPCFWM and quantitative measurements of OH radicals and OH rotational temperatures in flames at high pressure are possible. Our results show that conventional DFWM with a standard mirror is a low-biased measurement at high pressure primarly due to a fluctuating interaction volume which results from large fluctuating density gradients at the edge of the flame and from flame movement. A comparison is made between a laser-saturated fluorescence technique, conventional DFWM, and DPCFWM at 1, 5 and 9 bar.     

Stimulated generation of superluminal light pulses via four-wave mixing

We report on the four-wave mixing of superluminal pulses, in which both the injected and generated pulses involved in the process propagate with negative group velocities. Generated pulses with negative group velocities of up to v(g)=-1/880c are demonstrated, corresponding to the generated pulse's peak exiting the 1.7 cm long medium ≈50 ns earlier than if it had propagated at the speed of light in vacuum, c. We also show that in some cases the seeded pulse may propagate with a group velocity larger than c, and that the generated conjugate pulse peak may exit the medium even earlier than the amplified seed pulse peak. We can control the group velocities of the two pulses by changing the seed detuning and the input seed power.     

Slow light via four-wave mixing in a hot rubidium vapour

In this work,we report on an off-resonant four-wave mixing experiment via a ladder-type configuration in a hot rubidium atomic vapour.We find for the first time,to the best of our knowledge,that the generated light is delayed compared with the reference.At the same time,the seeded signal beam is also delayed,though the delay time is not as so large as the one that the generated light has.Both delayed times can be adjusted experimentally by controlling the two-photon detuning.The experimental results are in good agreement with our theoretical predictions.Our results may be important for storing telecom-band photons.     

Generation of three-mode light entanglement via double-channel resonant four-wave mixing

We present a scheme to generate tripartite continuous-variable entanglement at the steady state by using an ensemble of N_a five-level double-Λ ? V atoms embedded in a three-mode cavity. The scheme is based on the two-channel resonant four-wave mixing, which leads to the parametric interaction between the sum mode of two fields from the upper double-Λ system and the mode from the lower V system. It is for such reason that three cavity modes are correlated and entangled. The present scheme has the following two striking features. One is that the steady-state tripartite entanglement is achieved under the full-resonance condition. Another feature is the fact that all the fields are coupled to the different atomic transitions, respectively. In particular, the tripartite entanglement occurs among the fields with the large frequency differences, which may be necessary for the progress of quantum information.     

Stimulated effects in one-photon resonant interferometric four-wave mixing with incoherent light

The interferometric four-wave mixing technique with broadband light is extended to measurements of population relaxation. For what is believed to be the first time, the population relaxation rate in the presence of a pump field is measured. It is shown that stimulated emission can significantly affect the results when one is dealing with resonant transient wave mixing, and, consequently, in most cases stimulated processes should be taken into account.     

Transformation of singular light beams at nondegenerated four-wave mixing in dye solutions

An analysis of a frequency transformation of singular light beams by the dynamic hologram at a frequency nondegenerated four-wave mixing in dye solutions has been carried out. The transformation of optical vortices of the first and second order from the infrared spectrum to the visible one has been demonstrated experimentally with simultaneous inversion of the topological charge.     

Collision induced and resonantly enhanced extra resonances in four-wave mixing in inhomogeneously broadened four level systems

Role of collisions in inducing and enhancing extra resonances in non-linear generation by four-wave mixing in inhomogeneously broadened four level systems is studied. It is shown that collision induced three and two-photon resonances can be enhanced further by tuning to exact one photon (non-absorbing) transitions between unpopulated upper levels. In addition we also find existence of collision induced interference dip at the three-photon resonance that arises due to complete cancellation of signal at the line center.     

Quantum interference in atomic vapor observed by four-wave mixing with incoherent light

Pairs of pulses from an incoherent source are used to investigate the time-resolved four-wave mixing response of atomic rubidium when a two-photon resonance is involved in the nonlinear process. By varying the relative polarization of the pulse pairs, we are able to select the quantum pathways and clearly distinguish optical and quantum interferences.     

YAG对撞增强相位共轭腔的脉宽研究

报道了在YAG激光器上运行新型的对撞型受激布里渊散射相位共轭腔的实验情况,该腔具有较低的启动阈值,并能输出稳定的ns量级自调Q激光脉冲.本文给出了不同参量条件下的输出脉宽情况.