有源约束层在对结构声辐射控制中的应用:Ⅱ.数值计算

基于前文［１］,本文给出了有源约束层振动的稳态响应的解和振动结构辐射声场的表达式,详细讨论了有源约束层的阻尼机制,并比较了有源约束层（ＡＣＬ）和无源约束层（ＰＣＬ）处理以及传统的有源控制（ＡＣ）方法在结构振动控制中的性能．数值计算的结果表明：利用能量耗散机制,有源约束层确能有效地实现减振、降噪的目的．     

基于平面声源实施结构声辐射有源控制的理论研究

研究了利用分布式平面声源对结构声辐射进行有源控制的问题。首先建立了系统的数学模型,然后推导了有源控制条件下次级声源的强度和声功率降低的计算公式。在实际应用中,次级声源参数(面积大小、安放位置、个数等)对控制效果有重要影响,本文基于有源控制的物理机理和数值仿真研究这些问题。结果表明:一般情况下,次级声源板的振动模态分布与初级结构振动模态分布不相同,因此,在低频范围内,需要至少4个分布式次级声源,方能有效地控制初级结构声辐射。     

次级源和误差传感器布放对带弹性障板的充液直管声振复合有源控制的影响*

针对充液管路系统噪声有源控制问题,研究了次级源和误差传感器布放对带弹性障板的充液直管管路系统有源消声与有源消振复合控制效果的影响。基于声固耦合方法建立了带弹性障板的充液直管管路系统的有限元模型,在声激励下对比了次级声源布放对系统有源消声性能的影响,并在组合激励下分析了次级力源、次级声源和误差传感器布放对系统复合有源控制的影响。结果表明,非对称分布的次级声源容易激起管壁振动,进而带动障板振动,导致有源消声效果不佳;采用对称分布的次级声源可使低频段的降噪量提高10 dB以上。复合有源控制可进一步提升全频段的控制效果。通过增加振动误差传感器数量,可使绝大多数频点的降噪量提高1~20 dB不等。此外,在管壁上布放的两圈次级力源的间距小于管壁振动波长的1/4,且都不位于管壁振动节点附近时控制效果更好。     

第四届国际声与振动会议在圣彼得堡召开

第四届国际声与振动会议于1996年6月24－27日在俄罗斯的圣彼得堡召开．会议由国际声与振劝学会（InternationalInstituteofAcousticsandVibration，简称IIAV），俄罗斯噪声与振动控制学会等四个单位主办．来自40多个国家和地区的近500名代表出席了会议．会议论文集共收入论文316篇．会上交流了250篇，其中大会特约报告7篇：（1）听觉灵敏度解释的最新进展（SirJamesJamesLighthill,ENGLAND）；（2）有源噪声和振动控制遗传算法的应用（ColinHHansen，AUSTRALIA）；（3）湍流辐射噪声预报计算空气声学的进展（GeoffreyMLilley,…     

充液管路系统流体声与结构声的复合有源控制

采用基于谐频自适应控制算法的有源消声与消振系统对充液管路系统突出的低频线谱噪声进行有源控制实验研究.建立了泵水循环管路实验系统,在管路中安装有源消声器对流体声进行控制,在管路出口障板上采用8×8通道有源消振系统控制结构声辐射。开展的低频线谱噪声与振动有源控制实验结果表明,在50~200 Hz频带内,通过结合有源噪声与振动控制可在多数频点取得10 dB以上的降噪效果。针对该实验系统,通过分别控制流体声和结构声分析了两者的贡献.实验结果验证了有源消声与消振系统具有较好的降噪性能,各频点处流体声与结构声占比情况不同,需要综合控制流体声与结构声才可以取得显著的降噪效果。      

结构振动和声辐射的可控性和可观性指标

结构振动和声辐射的可控性和可观性指标对有源控制系统作动器/传感器的布置具有重要意义。对结构振动和声辐射的可控性和可观性指标进行了研究,提出了基于声压输出的振动模态可观性指标,在振动模态可控性和可观性指标的基础上,结合振动模态的声辐射效率,提出了结构声辐射的可控性和可观性指标和基于声压输出的可观性指标。以板结构为例,对结构振动和声辐射的可控性和可观性指标进行了计算分析和讨论,比较了基于声压输出和基于振动响应输出的振动模态可观性,重点研究了基于声压输出的振动模态可观性和结构振动及声辐射的可观性特点,最后对指标值在结构声有源控制中输入(输出)位置选择上的应用进行了讨论和比较,通过数值仿真对指标的有效性进行了验证。      

结构振动和声辐射的可控性和可观性指标

结构振动和声辐射的可控性和可观性指标对有源控制系统作动器/传感器的布置具有重要意义。对结构振动和声辐射的可控性和可观性指标进行了研究,提出了基于声压输出的振动模态可观性指标,在振动模态可控性和可观性指标的基础上,结合振动模态的声辐射效率,提出了结构声辐射的可控性和可观性指标和基于声压输出的可观性指标。以板结构为例,对结构振动和声辐射的可控性和可观性指标进行了计算分析和讨论,比较了基于声压输出和基于振动响应输出的振动模态可观性,重点研究了基于声压输出的振动模态可观性和结构振动及声辐射的可观性特点,最后对指标值在结构声有源控制中输入(输出)位置选择上的应用进行了讨论和比较,通过数值仿真对指标的有效性进行了验证。     

结构振动模态和声辐射模态之间的对应关系及其应用

声辐射模态和结构振动模态之间的内在关系一直缺乏有效的证明。该文证明并揭示了结构振动模态和声辐射模态之间的对应关系,而且对该关系的有效性和实用性进行了验证。首先从声辐射模态和振动模态的概念出发,利用结构振速的模态叠加特性,建立了两种模态之间的联系方程式；在此基础上根据各种模态形状的对称或反对称性推导出两种模态之间的对应关系；然后对其进行了数值仿真验证。研究表明：对于简支矩形平板而言,在低频范围内,奇-奇振动模态对应的主导声辐射模态是第1阶；偶-奇模态对应第2阶；奇-偶模态对应第3阶；偶-偶模态对应第4阶。最后将这种对应关系应用于结构声辐射有源控制中,通过对主导声辐射模态进行抵消,取得了很好的控制效果。     

田静研究员荣获“马大猷声学奖”

<正>2014年11月29日在中国声学学会第八次全国会员代表大会上,由中国声学学会马大猷评奖委员会最终审定,评选出2014年度"马大猷声学奖"获得者:中国科学院声学研究所田静研究员。田静研究员长期从事电声与噪声学研究,在有源噪声与振动控制、电子抗噪声通讯器件、声频特征信号控制、声学微机电系统、交通噪声传播与评价、有限振幅声波的应用等方面,都有深入的研究和突出的建树。在基础研究方面,他对有源降噪的三种能量机制之间的关系、有源控制系统的普适传递函数、闭空间声     

基于平面声源的三层有源隔声结构物理机制研究

次级源为平面声源的三层有源隔声结构,深入理解有源隔声的物理机理有助于挖掘降噪潜力及实现系统优化设计。首先对三层有源隔声结构建模并求解系统的振动响应。然后,对控制前三层结构中声能量的传输规律进行深入分析。最后,在辐射板声功率最小条件下,通过分析控制前后声能量传输特性的变化阐述了隔声的物理机理。结果表明,声能量在三层结构中传输形成四个等效的传输通道,中间板与两腔的作用类似带通滤波器,不同的传输通道具有相似的带通特性。有源隔声机理在于,通过控制抑制了通带内的能量传输,显著提高了三层结构整体的隔声性能,从而有效阻止了声波的向后传播。      

基于磁悬浮作动器的自适应有源振动控制研究

针对周期扰动提出一种基于磁悬浮作动器的非线性前馈自适应有源振动控制算法。算法中将磁悬浮作动器视为具有时变非线性的单输入输出系统,并使用径向基函数神经网络进行控制,分别采用聚类算法和随机梯度算法对其隐层中心点和输出层权值进行自适应调整。该算法摆脱了传统磁悬浮控制对模型的依赖,在正常工作条件下不需对作动器建模。仿真和实验结果表明:在单自由度主动隔振系统中,非线性自适应算法可以显著降低周期振动的能量,同时能对磁悬浮作动器的时变非线性进行有效的补偿。      

Active control of radiated sound power of a smart cylindrical shell based on radiation modes

A new approach is proposed in this paper based on radiation modes to control the radiated sound pressure of a smart cylindrical shell equipped with piezoelectric sensor and actuators. The radiation modes determine the specific distribution of normal velocity of the shell that independently radiates sound to the surrounding space. In this study, the first radiation mode is controlled since it is the most effective mode in terms of the radiated power. The results indicate that most of the sound power is attenuated by controlling only this mode. The extended Hamilton’s principle, the Sanders shell theory and the assumed mode method are used to derive the equations of motion in a state space form that is suitable to design the controller. The radiated sound pressure is calculated using the simplified Kirchhoff-Helmholtz integral along with a Kalman filter to observe the system states, and a modified higher harmonic control (MHHC) is designed to attenuate the sound power. A numerical simulation demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed approach compared to active vibration control (AVC) in attenuating the radiated sound in the low frequency domain.     

自适应H.264可变块编码模式选择算法

为了减少H.264/AVC帧间编码模式选择的计算复杂度,利用编码模式之间的相关性以及视频序列时空域的相关性,提出了有选择性的小块搜索技术和有选择性的帧内编码模式搜索技术。模拟结果表明,该算法在保持率失真性能的前提下可以大幅度减少模式选择的计算复杂度,有利于H.264的实时应用。     

集成热管散热器的试验研究与数值模拟

设计了一种用于CPU冷却的集成热管散热器,介绍了其结构特点。通过试验对集成热管散热器和AVC全铜散热器的传热性能进行了比较,并对集成热管散热器的温度场分布进行了测试。采用STAR-CD软件对散热器外部的传热与流动进行数值模拟分析,并试验验证了数值模拟结果的真实性,从而为进一步研究改进集成热管散热器提供了参考依据。!     

Transmitter Diversity Gain Technique Aided Irregular Channel Coding for Mobile Video Transmission

The reliable transmission of multimedia information that is coded through highly compression efficient encoders is a challenging task. This article presents the iterative convergence performance of IrRegular Convolutional Codes (IRCCs) with the aid of the multidimensional Sphere Packing (SP) modulation assisted Differential Space Time Spreading Codes (IRCC-SP-DSTS) scheme for the transmission of H.264/Advanced Video Coding (AVC) compressed video coded stream. In this article, three different regular and irregular error protection schemes are presented. In the presented Regular Error Protection (REP) scheme, all of the partitions of the video sequence are regular error protected with a rate of 3/4 IRCC. In Irregular Error Protection scheme-1 (IREP-1) the H.264/AVC partitions are prioritized as A, B & C, respectively. Whereas, in Irregular Error Protection scheme-2 (IREP-2), the H.264/AVC partitions are prioritized as B, A, and C, respectively. The performance of the iterative paradigm of an inner IRCC and outer Rate-1 Precoder is analyzed by the EXtrinsic Information Transfer (EXIT) Chart and the Quality of Experience (QoE) performance of the proposed mechanism is evaluated using the Bit Error Rate (BER) metric and Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR)-based objective quality metric. More specifically, it is concluded that the proposed IREP-2 scheme exhibits a gain of 1 dB Eb/N0 with reference to the IREP-1 and Eb/N0 gain of 0.6 dB with reference to the REP scheme over the PSNR degradation of 1 dB.     

基于脉冲耦合神经网络融合的压缩域运动目标分割方法

针对H.264压缩域内运动目标分割算法所存在的弱自适应性和抗噪能力差等问题,本文提出了一种基于脉冲耦合神经网络的压缩域运动目标分割方法.该方法采用时空域矢量均值滤波对运动矢量进行预处理,减少运动目标丢失率,并设计了前后向矢量累积方法,增强运动矢量的可靠性.基于脉冲耦合神经网络设计的融合模型可以将累积后的运动矢量和宏块模式进行融合处理,增强分割算法的抗噪能力,保证加快分割速度的同时兼顾运动区域的分割准确度.另外,采用最小交叉熵作为点火终止判断条件,实现了最佳分割模板的自适应获取.仿真实验表明,本文算法在自适应性和抗噪能力方面均有较好表现,可以准确分割出监控视频中的运动目标.     

基于脉冲耦合神经网络融合的压缩域运动目标分割方法

针对H.264压缩域内运动目标分割算法所存在的弱自适应性和抗噪能力差等问题,本文提出了一种基于脉冲耦合神经网络的压缩域运动目标分割方法.该方法采用时空域矢量均值滤波对运动矢量进行预处理,减少运动目标丢失率,并设计了前后向矢量累积方法,增强运动矢量的可靠性.基于脉冲耦合神经网络设计的融合模型可以将累积后的运动矢量和宏块模式进行融合处理,增强分割算法的抗噪能力,保证加快分割速度的同时兼顾运动区域的分割准确度.另外,采用最小交叉熵作为点火终止判断条件,实现了最佳分割模板的自适应获取.仿真实验表明,本文算法在自适应性和抗噪能力方面均有较好表现,可以准确分割出监控视频中的运动目标.     

Design and ARM-Based Implementation of Bitstream-Oriented Chaotic Encryption Scheme for H.264/AVC Video

In actual application scenarios of the real-time video confidential communication, encrypted videos must meet three performance indicators: security, real-time, and format compatibility. To satisfy these requirements, an improved bitstream-oriented encryption (BOE) method based chaotic encryption for H.264/AVC video is proposed. Meanwhile, an ARM-embedded remote real-time video confidential communication system is built for experimental verification in this paper. Firstly, a 4-D self-synchronous chaotic stream cipher algorithm with cosine anti-controllers (4-D SCSCA-CAC) is designed to enhance the security. The algorithm solves the security loopholes of existing self-synchronous chaotic stream cipher algorithms applied to the actual video confidential communication, which can effectively resist the combinational effect of the chosen-ciphertext attack and the divide-and-conquer attack. Secondly, syntax elements of the H.264 bitstream are analyzed in real-time. Motion vector difference (MVD) coefficients and direct-current (DC) components in Residual syntax element are extracted through the Exponential-Golomb decoding operation and entropy decoding operation based on the context-based adaptive variable length coding (CAVLC) mode, respectively. Thirdly, the DC components and MVD coefficients are encrypted by the 4-D SCSCA-CAC, and the encrypted syntax elements are re-encoded to replace the syntax elements of the original H.264 bitstream, keeping the format compatibility. Besides, hardware codecs and multi-core multi-threading technology are employed to improve the real-time performance of the hardware system. Finally, experimental results show that the proposed scheme, with the advantage of high efficiency and flexibility, can fulfill the requirement of security, real-time, and format compatibility simultaneously.     

Adaptive control of bifurcation and chaos in a time-delayed system

In this paper, the stabilization of a continuous time-delayed system is considered. To control the bifurcation and chaos in a time-delayed system, a parameter perturbation control and a hybrid control are proposed. Then, to ensure the asymptotic stability of the system in the presence of unexpected system parameter changes, the adaptive control idea is introduced, i.e., the perturbation control parameter and the hybrid control parameter are automatically tuned according to the adaptation laws, respectively. The adaptation algorithms are constructed based on the Lyapunov-Krasovskii stability theorem. The adaptive parameter perturbation control and the adaptive hybrid control methods improve the corresponding constant control methods. They have the advantages of increased stability, adaptability to the changes of the system parameters, control cost saving, and simplicity. Numerical simulations for a well-known chaotic time-delayed system are performed to demonstrate the feasibility and superiority of the proposed control methods. Besides, comparison of the two adaptive control methods are made in an experimental study.     

ON FEEDBACK CONTROL OF DELAYED CHAOTIC SYSTEM

In this paper two different types of feedback control technique are discussed: the standard feedback control and the time-delay feedback control which have been successfully used in many control systems. In order to understand to what extent the two different types of control technique are useful in delayed chaotic systems, some analytic stabilization conditions for chaos control from the two types of control technique are derived ased on Lyapunov stabilization arguments. Similarly, we discuss the tracking problem by applying the time-delay feedback control. Finally, numerical examples are provided.