HT-7托卡马克上低杂波电流驱动实验中的快电子动力学

在低杂波电流驱动实验中，快电子的动力学对等离子体的品质有至关重要的影响。HT-7托卡马克上，新近发展了一套硬X射线阵列诊断系统用于快电子的动力学研究。本文给出了在不同的低杂波电流驱动实验中，例如高参数，长脉冲，以及反向电流驱动实验，快电子的动力学行为。     

Study of density fluctuation during low hybrid current drive on HT-7 tokamak

An experimental study of medium and high-k density fluctuations has been performed during low hybrid current drive (LHCD) in the HT-7 tokamak. Two series of plasma discharges in different plasma current with a limiter configuration were conducted in which the injected LHW power was gradually increased. The fluctuation level of the mode in channel kθ=12 cm−1 and kθ=20 cm−1 is related to the q profile, and the normalized frequency spectrum is found to be independent of the LHW power.     

HT-7托卡马克大功率低混杂波电流驱动的实验研究

在HT-7超导托卡马克成功进行了大功率（P_LHW=100—800 kW,f=2.45 GHz）低混杂波电流驱动实验.研究了不同入射功率和等离子体密度下的低混杂波电流驱动效率.获得了以平均电子密度增加、氘阿尔法（D_α）线辐射减少为特征的粒子约束改善;粒子约束时间τ_p增加了约1.5倍.仔细研究了能量约束时间与等离子体密度和低混杂波功率的关系. 关键词： 托卡马克 低混杂波 约束改善 电流驱动效率     

Investigation of lower hybrid current drive during H-mode in EAST tokamak

H-mode discharges with lower hybrid current drive (LHCD) alone are achieved in EAST divertor plasma over a wide parameter range. These H-mode discharges are characterized by a sudden drop in D_α emission and a spontaneous rise in main plasma density. Good lower hybrid (LH) coupling during H-mode is obtained by putting the plasma close to the antenna and by injecting D₂ gas from a pipe near the grill mouse. The analysis of lower hybrid current drive properties shows that the LH deposition profile shifts off axis during H-mode, and current drive (CD) efficiency decreases due to the increase in density. Modeling results of H-mode discharges with a general ray tracing code GENRAY are reported.     

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用NaI闪烁体探测器组成的逃逸电子诊断系统和CdTe半导体探测阵列组成的快电子轫致辐射诊断系统,研究了一定等离子体密度条件下低杂波功率和等离子体电流对逃逸产生的影响以及一定低杂波功率下等离子体密度对逃逸电子产生的不同作用效果。根据实验数据计算了HT-7装置等离子体中电子逃逸的阈值电场和一定放电条件下电子逃逸的阈值能量。     

低杂波控制电流分布与改善约束研究

在HT-7超导托卡马克装置上利用低杂波电流驱动有效地控制了等离子体电流分布,并使等离子体约束性能改善。数值模拟与硬X射线测量结果均表明,低杂波的发射功率谱、纵场和等离子体密度对改变等离子体电流分布有明显的影响。在优化低杂波电流驱动实验参数的条件下,等离子体密度、温度分布发生了理想的变化。在电子和离子温度分布上出现了内部输运垒,同时等离子体的能量约束时间和粒子约束时间均有提高。     

Improved lower hybrid current drive efficiency with IBW heating in the HT-7 tokamak

Lower hybrid current drive (LHCD) efficiency in the HT-7 tokamak is observed to increase about 30% with ion Bernstein wave (IBW) heating. The current drive efficiency as high as has been reached in HT-7 thanks to an LHCD/IBW synergy. The IBWs are significantly coupled to the fast electrons produced by the lower hybrid waves, thus results in higher fast electron photon temperature in the combined LHCD + IBW scenario. The interaction of LHCD + IBW improved current drive efficiency.     

Lower hybrid current drive experiments with graphite limiters in the HT-7 superconducting tokamak

Recent progress of lower hybrid (LH) experiments with new graphite limiters configuration in the HT-7 tokamak is presented. The lower hybrid current drive (LHCD) efficiency can be determined by fitting based on experimental data. Improved particle confinement was observed via LHCD (P_LHW>300 kW) characterized by the particle confinement time τ_p increased about 1.56 times. It is found that runaways are suppressed during loop voltage is decreasing at the flat-top phase of LH discharges. The main limitations of pulse length are presented in long-pulse experiments with new limiter configuration.     

Hot electrical conductivity in lower hybrid current drive plasmas in the HT-7 tokamak

The interaction between the hot electrical conductivity and the residual electric field have been investigated in lower hybrid current drive (LHCD) experiments with non-zero loop voltage in the HT-7 tokamak. It has been found that the hot electrical conductivity contribute significantly to the current drive in partial non-inductively sustained plasmas. The hot electrical conductivities under different lower hybrid power levels and different parallel refractive indexes have been obtained. It is comparable to the Spitzer conductivity in high power LHCD experiments.     

Study of the plasma potential evolution during ECRH in the T-10 tokamak and TJ-II stellarator

Comparison of the plasma electric potential evolution in the T-10 tokamak and TJ-II stellarator was performed. The core potential was measured by the heavy-ion beam probing and the edge potential was measured by Langmuir probe. The intrinsic potentials in both devices are different in sign, positive in TJ-II low-density discharge and negative in T-10 higher-density discharges, but during ECRH they evolve similarly: the potential becomes more positive, and increase of ECRH power leads to stronger rise of core potential. Presented at the Workshop “Electric Fields, Structures and Relaxation in Edge Plasmas”, Tarragona, Spain, July 3–4, 2005.     

Internal kink instability during off-axis electron cyclotron current drive in the DIII-D tokamak

Experimental evidence is reported of an internal kink instability driven by a new mechanism: barely trapped suprathermal electrons produced by off-axis electron cyclotron heating on the DIII-D tokamak. It occurs in plasmas with an evolving safety factor profile q(r) when q(min) approaches 1. This instability is most active when ECCD is applied on the high field side of the flux surface. It has a bursting behavior with poloidal/toroidal mode number = m/n = 1/1. In positive magnetic shear plasmas, this mode becomes the fishbone instability. This observation can be qualitatively explained by the drift reversal of the barely trapped suprathermal electrons.     

EAST低杂波电流驱动的数值模拟及分析

介绍了波的射线轨迹程序C3PO和求解三维Fokker-Planck方程程序LUKE的基本计算过程及其物理机制.该程序采用的是反弹平均方法,考虑了相对论效应和捕获粒子效应.利用此程序模拟并分析了EAST偏滤器位形下等离子体电流对低杂波传播以及驱动效率的影响.计算结果表明,随着电流的增大,低杂波射线轨迹在极向的旋转加快,功...     

EAST低杂波电流驱动的数值模拟

应用改进后的低杂波电流驱动程序对EAST进行了低杂波电流驱动的数值模拟。通过模拟发现,波注入位置、功率谱、等离子体温度和密度对低杂波的功率沉积和电流驱动剖面分布有很大影响。通过选取合适的低杂波功率谱、等离子体温度和密度,可以实现对其功率沉积和电流驱动剖面分布的控制。     

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应用改进后的低杂波电流驱动程序对EAST进行了低杂波电流驱动的数值模拟。通过模拟发现,波注入位置、功率谱、等离子体温度和密度对低杂波的功率沉积和电流驱动剖面分布有很大影响。通过选取合适的低杂波功率谱、等离子体温度和密度,可以实现对其功率沉积和电流驱动剖面分布的控制。     

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The synergy current drive by combining electron cyclotron wave (ECW) with lower hybrid wave (LHW) can be used to either increase the noninductive current drive efficiency or shape the plasma current profile. In this paper, the synergy current drive by ECW and LHW is studied with numerical simulation. The nonlinear relationship between the wave powers and the synergy current of ECW and LHW is revealed. When the LHW power is small, the synergy current reduces as the ECW power increases, and the synergy current is even reduced to lower than zero, which is referred as negative synergy in the this context. Research shows that the mechanism of the negative synergy is the peaking effect of LHW power profile and the trapped electrons effect. The present research is helpful for understanding the physics of synergy between electron cyclotron current drive and lower hybrid current drive, it can also instruct the design of experiments.     

HT-7低杂波电流驱动效率与有效电荷数及电子温度的关系

在HT-7超导托卡马克中进行了低杂波电流驱动的功率扫描实验,功率变化范围为100kW至700kW,频率为2.45GHz。研究了等离子体平均有效电荷数及电子温度与低杂波功率之间的关系。给出了不同功率下低杂波电流驱动效率与有效电荷数及电子温度之间的关系:HT-7装置低杂波驱动效率与电子温度成正比,与有效电荷数成反比。指出了动态杂质控制是改善低杂波电流驱动效率的关键问题。     

HT-7低杂波电流驱动效率与有效电荷数及电子温度的关系

在HT-7超导托卡马克中进行了低杂波电流驱动的功率扫描实验,功率变化范围为100 kW至700 kW,频率为2.45 GHz。研究了等离子体平均有效电荷数及电子温度与低杂波功率之间的关系。给出了不同功率下低杂波电流驱动效率与有效电荷数及电子温度之间的关系：HT-7装置低杂波驱动效率与电子温度成正比,与有效电荷数成反比。指出了动态杂质控制是改善低杂波电流驱动效率的关键问题。