培氟沙星抗体的制备及对鸡蛋样品中培氟沙星的酶联免疫法检测

采用活泼酯法合成培氟沙星人工抗原,通过免疫新西兰大白兔获得抗体,建立了间接竞争酶联免疫法(ELISA)检测鸡蛋中培氟沙星。人工抗原经紫外光谱和红外光谱鉴定,免疫所获得抗体测得效价高达1∶51 200,继而建立了培氟沙星间接竞争ELISA,标准曲线线性相关系数为0.9920,Ic50达1.5μg/L,抗体对恩诺沙星的交叉反应率为13.89%;鸡蛋样品中分别添加不同浓度的培氟沙星和恩诺沙星,经乙腈-水溶液(体积比4∶1)提取,离心稀释后经ELISA检测,结果表明培氟沙星和恩诺沙星加标回收率为分别为90%～94.2%、84%～90.3%,相对标准偏差分别为5.2%～10.0%、6.5%～10.3%。该方法具有灵敏度高、样品前处理简单、批量检测的优点,适用于复杂食品基质中培氟沙星的定量检测。     

直接竞争酶联免疫吸附分析法测定氰戊菊酯

采用活性酯法,将氰戊菊酯半抗原N-[2-(4-氯苯基)-3-甲基丁酰基]-4-氨基丁酸与载体蛋白共价偶联合成突出氰戊菊酯分子结构特征的人工抗原和包被原.以人工抗原免疫新西兰白兔制备抗血清,采用(NH4)2SO4分步盐析和DEAE纤维素柱层析法从抗血清中分离纯化对氰戊菊酯具特异性亲和力的抗体,采用活性酯法,以辣根过氧化物酶标记半抗原N-[2-(4-氯苯基)-3-甲基丁酰基]-6-氨基己酸.采用固定抗体、氰戊菊酯和酶标半抗原直接竞争结合固相抗体的模式, 建立对氰戊菊酯具高特异性的酶联免疫吸附分析方法.在优化条件下, 测定氰戊菊酯标样检测的线性浓度范围为0.001～10.0 mg/L; 检出限0.001 mg/L; 相对标准偏差(RSD, n=5)为9.19%.小白菜中分别添加0.10和5.0 mg/kg氰戊菊酯,直接竞争酶联免疫吸附分析法(ELISA)测定,重复6次,回收率分别为83.8%～109%和93.6%～110%; RSD分别为11.7%和7.25%.对实际样品的有效检出限为0.007 mg/L.其它常用拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂(氯氰菊酯、溴氰菊脂、功夫菊酯、醚菊酯、联苯菊酯)不干扰氰戊菊酯的测定.     

生物素-亲和素放大酶联免疫吸附法测定氯胺酮

建立了检测氯胺酮的生物素-亲和素放大酶联免疫吸附测定法(BA-ELISA)。实验最佳测定条件:抗原包被浓度为2.0mg/L、氯胺酮单克隆抗体浓度为10.2mg/L,生物素化羊抗小鼠IgG(Biotin-IgG)和酶标链霉亲和素(SA-HRP)的最佳反应浓度分别为0.29和1.0mg/L。在此优化条件下,方法的线性范围为0.1～1000μg/L;检出限为0.03μg/L。氯胺酮生物样品的加标回收率为94%～102%。与酶标二抗体系ELISA法相比,BA-ELISA具有更高的灵敏度,适于低浓度氯胺酮的检测。     

基于抗原包被的微孔板式化学发光酶免疫分析法测定人尿中的雌三醇

将雌三醇-6-(O-羧甲基)肟(E3-6-CMO)与牛血清白蛋白(BSA)形成的偶联物E3-6-CMO-BSA物理吸附于聚苯乙烯微孔板孔内作为固相抗原,与雌三醇(E3)标准溶液或者水解尿样中待测E3通过竞争法进行免疫反应.以对碘苯酚增强的辣根过氧化物酶(HRP)催化鲁米诺-过氧化氢化学发光体系作为信号检测系统,建立了一种高通量、简便快速、灵敏稳定的化学发光酶免疫分析方法用于测定人尿中E3的含量.考察和优化了包被液的酸碱性、抗原包被浓度、酶标抗体稀释比例及用量、温育时间、化学发光底物用量及化学发光反应时间的影响.在最优实验条件下,方法的灵敏度为0.20ng/mL,批内和批间变异系数均在15%之内,低、中、高浓度加标水解尿样的平均回收率分别为107.9%、100.9%和91.2%.使用抗原包被法和抗体包被法同时对10份水解尿样进行测定,结果显示相关性良好,相关系数为0.9984,表明本方法可以满足临床检测的要求.     

直接竞争酶联免疫吸附法测定饲料中沙丁胺醇

应用本实验室制备的对沙丁胺醇(SAL)具有高亲和力的多克隆抗体和酶标半抗原,采用包被抗体-酶标半抗原直接竞争模式建立沙丁胺醇的酶联免疫吸附分析(ELISA)法。在优化实验条件下,ELISA法检测沙丁胺醇的线性浓度范围为0.1~1.0×10~3μg/L,沙丁胺醇对抗体-酶标半抗原结合反应的抑制中浓度(Ic50)为14μg/L,相对标准偏差(RSD)为8.6%(n=5),定量检测下限(Ic_(10))为0.29μg/L。在猪饲料中分别添加沙丁胺醇标样10、50、250μg/kg,ELISA法检测的回收率分别为85%~108%、81%~92%和81%~102%,RSD(n=5)分别为9.1%、5.6%和8.9%,对饲料中沙丁胺醇的最低定量检测浓度为4.23μg/kg。利用高效液相色谱-紫外检测(HPLC-UV)法同步测定饲料中添加250μg/kg沙丁胺醇的平均回收率为89%(n=3),相对标准偏差为3.9%。     

可视化凝胶酶联免疫吸附分析法检测牛奶中庆大霉素和卡那霉素

建立了牛奶中同步测定庆大霉素和卡那霉素的可视化凝胶ELISA方法.在凝胶检测柱的两个检测层中填充CN-Br活化的Sephrose 4B凝胶-羊抗鼠IgG作为固相载体,加入药物的单克隆抗体与载体结合,酶标抗原和待测样本中的药物共同竞争有限的单克隆抗体,通过3,3',5,5'-四甲基联苯胺(TMB)底物显色定性判断药物的存在.本方法采用一步法,检测时间仅为15 min,对庆大霉素和卡那霉素的灵敏度为2.0 μg/L,对牛奶中的两种药物检出限(Cut-off值)均为5μg/L.牛奶盲样比对实验表明,本方法与超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)法测定结果相符.     

水中硝基苯胺类化合物酶免疫化学分析技术研究

采用戊二醛法, 将4-硝基苯乙胺与牛血清蛋白(BSA)和卵清蛋白(OVA)共价偶联, 分别合成了免疫原4-硝基苯乙胺-BSA和包被原4-硝基苯乙胺-OVA, 经紫外分光光度计及飞行时间质谱扫描鉴定. 用合成的免疫抗原免疫新西兰大白兔, 并用合成的包被原进行间接竞争酶联免疫(ELISA)试验, 获得的抗血清效价达1∶32000. 方阵实验确定了包被抗原最佳浓度(0.5 mg/L)及抗血清最佳稀释度(1∶6000), 并建立了间接竞争ELISA方法. 工作曲线表明在1～1000 μg/L浓度范围内呈良好的线性关系, 该法IC₅₀值为(52.73±2.67) μg/L, 检测限为5.12 μg/L. 其它类似结构不干扰硝基苯胺的测定. 成功地建立了硝基苯胺类化合物的间接竞争酶免疫化学分析方法．     

伏马菌素B1单克隆抗体制备及化学发光免疫检测方法的建立

制备了高亲和力的伏马菌素B₁（FB₁）单克隆抗体,进而建立了谷物中FB₁的直接竞争化学发光酶联免疫检测方法（dc-CLEIA）。采用碳化二亚胺法成功合成了FB₁人工抗原,经杂交瘤技术获得分泌FB₁特异性抗体的细胞株,高碘酸钠法酶标单克隆抗体后,建立了FB₁的dc-CLEIA,本方法的IC₅₀值为1.43μg/L,线性范围为0.32～8.40μg/L,检出限为0.13μg/L,竞争反应时间仅需20 min。玉米样品加标回收率为100.2%～115.4%,相对标准偏差小于8.7%,谷物样品的检测结果与高效液相色谱法及商业化ELISA试剂盒检测结果相符。     

赭曲霉毒素A模拟抗原表位及噬菌体展示酶联免疫吸附分析法的建立

以驴抗鼠二抗包被微孔板,以捕获方式包被抗赭曲霉毒素A(OTA)单克隆抗体,利用噬菌体随机七肽库筛选OTA模拟抗原表位,并以其替代检测抗原,建立了基于噬菌体展示技术的酶联免疫吸附分析(Phage ELISA)检测OTA的方法.结果表明,筛选获得的模拟OTA抗原表位七肽氨基酸序列为GMSWMMA.基于模拟表位噬菌体建立的Phage ELISA方法半数抑制浓度(IC50值)为(0.15±0.02) ng/mL,检测OTA的线性范围为0.03～ 0.50 ng/mL,OTA的检出限为0.03 ng/mL,且Phage ELISA与其它4种常见真菌毒素(黄曲霉毒素B1、伏马毒素B1、脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇及玉米赤霉烯酮)无交叉反应.大米样品OTA加标实验表明,批内加标回收率为97.0％ ～ 115.2％,批间加标回收率为107.2％ ～ 123.1％,与ELISA试剂盒检测结果比较,无显著性差异.     

细交链格孢菌酮酸间接竞争酶联免疫检测方法及配套试剂盒的研制

建立了间接竞争酶联免疫吸附法检测食品中细交链格孢酮酸(Tenuazonic Acid,TA)残留,并研制快速检测试剂盒。采用肟化法对TA进行衍生化,活泼酯法偶联半抗原和载体蛋白得到人工抗原TAO-BSA和TAO-KLH,以TAO-KLH作为免疫原免疫雌性Balb/c小鼠制备特异性抗体。对包被浓度、包被时间、封闭液类型、抗体工作浓度、二抗稀释度、底物显色时间等参数进行研究,建立了TA残留间接竞争酶联免疫检测方法并进行了配套试剂盒的研制。该试剂盒半抑制浓度Ic_(50)为1.48ng/mL,检测线性范围为0.06~35.95ng/mL(R~2=0.9941);检测限为0.02ng/mL;加标样品平均回收率大于88.50%;试剂盒的批间和批内平均变异系数分别为2.84%和9.49%,与食品中常见真菌毒素交叉反应率均小于1%。     

拟除虫菊酯类农药多残留直接竞争ELISA 建立及初步应用

以辣根过氧化物酶对兔抗拟除虫菊酯类农药抗体进行标记,通过优化分析条件和样品前处理方法,建立了可同时检测蔬菜中多种拟除虫菊酯类农药的直接竞争抑制ELISA方法(DC-ELISA),并在实际检测中进行了初步应用.该方法可用于同时检测蔬菜中甲氰菊酯、氯氰菊酯、三氟氯氰菊酯、溴氰菊酯4种农药的残留,检出限(I10)分别为0.25、0.30、0.43、0.81 mg·L-1,青菜样品添加含量为0.5～5.0 mg·kg-1,回收率分别为93%～114%,97%～110%,89%～126%,93%～113%.采用该方法对南京市场抽取的107个样品进行检测,并与气相色谱法进行比较,直接竞争ELISA阳性检出率为8.46%,气相色谱法阳性检出率为3.74%.     

Development of an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) for the Herbicide Propanil

Although the extensively used postemergence herbicide propanil itself is of low acute toxicity in mammals, it raises environmental concerns due to its effect on aquatic organisms and other adverse impacts. Therefore, in order to obtain a rapid analytical method for this pesticide, an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) has been developed. Antibodies obtained against a conjugate of 3,4-dichloroaniline coupled to succinylated proteins were tested in hapten-homologous and heterologous indirect ELISA formats using various N -(dichlorophenyl)-succinamic acid derivatives conjugated to carrier proteins as coating antigens. Titers in ELISA were found to be significantly affected by the type and quantity of coating antigen. One of the optimized systems using N -(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-succinamic acid and N -(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-succinamic acid conjugated to ovalbumin allowed serum dilution of 1 : 10,000 and IC 50 values of 2.2 and 2.7 ng/mL for propanil, respectively. The limit of detection (LOD) of the immunoassays is 0.2 ng/mL. Other optimized ELISA systems based on different dichloroaniline-based coating antigens also offered similar sensitivities. The ELISA systems appeared to tolerate methanol and ethanol upto 5% concentration. For confirmatory purposes, the ELISA protocol was compared with a highly sensitive gas chromatographic method coupled with mass spectrometric detection (GC-MS). Spiked propanil content was detected both by ELISA and GC-MS in methanolic rice extract. Detection sensitivities of the two analytical systems appeared to closely correlate with each other in the range of 10-90 ng/mL (0.02-0.18 µg/g), indicating the utility of the immunoanalytical method in detecting propanil content in rice, the main commodity propanil is being applied on.     

Development of an Indirect Chemiluminescent Competitive ELISA to Detect Danofloxacin Residues in Milk

In this study, a sensitive and specific indirect chemiluminescent enzyme-linked immunosorbance assay method (CL-ELISA) was developed to detect danofloxacin residue in milk. The influence of experimental factors on the results of the method was investigated, including the concentration of coating antigen and primary antibody, the dilution factor of the IgG-HRP antibody, as well as the type of microtiter plate. Under the optimized condition, the linear working range and IC₅₀ value were determined to be 0.025–0.5 ng · mL^?1 and 0.1 ng · mL^?1, respectively. Compared with traditional colorimetric ELISA, the CL-ELISA developed in this research demonstrated significant improvement in terms of sensitivity (20 times improvement) and linear range (25 times wider). The developed method was applied in detection of danofloxacin residue in milk and satisfied recovery rates of 92.6–105.2% and coefficient variations of 2.4–9.5% were obtained, demonstrating that the proposed method was accurate and reliable. Moreover, there was almost no any meaningful cross-reactivity with nine other (fluoro)quinolones, indicating its high specificity.     

DMF竞争性抑制大豆脂氧酶好氧催化及其松弛底物抑制的综合作用

在大豆脂氧酶催化亚油酸的氧化反应中加入溶剂二甲基甲酰胺DMF(lgP为-1.01)可将底物亚油酸浓度提升到232 mmol/L而不产生底物抑制作用, 并使平衡产率从38.93%提高到66.09%. 在有底物存在时, 质量分数为5%的DMF基本不影响酶活; 此时体系具有最大的Kss与Ki值, 表明5%DMF对底物抑制作用的松弛效应最强, 而对酶的抑制作用最小.     

异源间接竞争酶联免疫法测定大米及土壤中甲萘威的残留

以6-(1-萘氧基甲酰胺基)己酸(CNH)偶联牛血清白蛋白(BSA)作为免疫原(CNH-BSA)制备高特异性抗体,分别以CNH、4-(1-萘氧基甲酰胺基)丁酸(CNB)、3-(1-萘氧基甲酰胺基)丙酸(CNA)偶联卵清蛋白(OVA)得到包被抗原(CNH-OVA,CNB-OVA,CNA-OVA),以上述抗体及包被原作为核心材料,研究了同源包被与异源包被模式及ELISA各影响因素对检测灵敏度的影响,建立了甲萘威异源间接竞争酶联免疫法,并考察了此方法对测定大米及土壤中甲萘威残留的适用性。结果表明:以CNA-OVA异源包被的间接竞争ELISA法具有较高的灵敏度,IC50为(10.51±0.11)μg·L-1,该方法的检测范围为2.07~47.30μg·L-1(以IC20~IC80为标准)。以0.5,1.0,2.0,4.0 mg·kg-1作为加标浓度,甲萘威在大米中的加标回收率为92.3%~111.6%,土壤中的加标回收率为85.3%~103.2%,相对标准偏差均在10%以内。与HPLC法的比对验证结果表明,ELISA和HPLC两种方法的分析结果无显著性差异(P0.05)。     

Study of Immunoassay Methods for Recombinant Human Erythropoietin （rhEPO） Using Competitive ELISA

Two different immunoassay methods,competitive indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (CI-ELISA) and amplificative competitive indirect ELISA(ACI-ELISA) using biotin-avidin complex system were studied to detect rhEPO.The linear ranges were 50-20000ng/mL and 10-50000ng/mL for CI-ELISA and ACI-ELISA,respectively.The low detection limits of CI-ELISA and ACI-ELISA were 62.8ng/mL and 8.5ng/mL,respectively.     

Plastic enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA)-on-a-chip biosensor for botulinum neurotoxin A

A plastic ELISA-on-a-chip (EOC) employing the concept of cross-flow immuno-chromatographic analysis was applied to the measurement of botulinum neurotoxin A (BoNT/A) as agent for bio-terrorism. Two monoclonal antibodies specific to the heavy chain of the toxin were raised and identified to form sandwich binding complexes as the pair with the analyte. For the construction of an immuno-strip, one was utilized as the capture antibody immobilized onto nitrocellulose membrane and the other as the detection coupled to an enzyme, horseradish peroxidase. The two plates of EOC used in this study were fabricated by injection molding of polycarbonate to improve the reproducibility of manufacture and, after inclusion of the immuno-strip, bonded using a UV-sensitive adhesive. Under optimal conditions of analysis, the chip produced a color signal in proportion to the analyte dose and the signal was quantified using a detector equipped with a digital camera. From the dose-response curve, the detection limit of BoNT/A was 2.0 ng mL⁻¹, approximately five times more sensitive than a commercial-version detection kit employing colloidal gold tracer.     

基于高特异性单克隆抗体的间接竞争ELISA检测食品中胭脂红的研究

该研究设计合成了一种胭脂红半抗原,分别采用重氮化法和戊二醛法将半抗原与载体蛋白偶联制备人工抗原,通过免疫Bal b/c小鼠及杂交瘤技术成功筛选制备了胭脂红高特异性单克隆抗体,与苋菜红、柠檬黄等结构类似物无交叉反应.基于该抗体建立了间接竞争酶联免疫分析方法用于检测食品中胭脂红残留.该方法对胭脂红的半抑制浓度(IC50)和...