Farrell sets for harmonic functions

Let denote a relatively closed subset of the unit ball of . The purpose of this paper is to characterize those sets which have the following property: any harmonic function on which satisfies on (where 0$">) can be locally uniformly approximated on by a sequence of harmonic polynomials which satisfy the same inequality on . This answers a question posed by Stray, who had earlier solved the corresponding problem for holomorphic functions on the unit disc.

     

An example in holomorphic fixed point theory

If is the open unit ball in the Cartesian product furnished with the -norm , where and , then a holomorphic self-mapping of has a fixed point if and only if for some

     

Perfect cliques and colorings of Polish spaces

A coloring of a set is any subset of , where 1$"> is a natural number. We give some sufficient conditions for the existence of a perfect -homogeneous set, in the case where is and is a Polish space. In particular, we show that it is sufficient that there exist -homogeneous sets of arbitrarily large countable Cantor-Bendixson rank. We apply our methods to show that an analytic subset of the plane contains a perfect -clique if it contains any uncountable -clique, where is a natural number or (a set is a -clique in if the convex hull of any of its -element subsets is not contained in ).

     

A simple proof of a theorem of Bollobás and Leader

By using Scherk's lemma we give a simple combinatorial proof of a theorem due to Bollobás and Leader. For any sequence of elements of an abelian group of order , calling the sum of terms of the sequence a -sum, if 0 is not a -sum, then there are at least -sums.

     

The class equation and counting in factorizable monoids

For orders and conjugacy in finite group theory, Lagrange's Theorem and the class equation have universal application. Here, the class equation (extended to monoids via standard group action by conjugation) is applied to factorizable submonoids of the symmetric inverse monoid. In particular, if is a monoid induced by a subgroup of the symmetric group , then the center (all elements of that commute with every element of ) is if and only if is transitive. In the case where is both transitive and of order either or (for prime), formulas are provided for the order of as well as the number and sizes of its conjugacy classes.

     

The critical point equation on a three-dimensional compact manifold

On a compact -dimensional manifold , a critical point of the total scalar curvature functional, restricted to the space of metrics with constant scalar curvature of volume 1, satisfies the critical point equation (CPE), given by . It has been conjectured that a solution of the CPE is Einstein. Restricting our considerations to and assuming that there exist at least two distinct solutions of the CPE throughout the paper, we first prove that, if the second homology of vanishes, then is diffeomorphic to (Theorem 2). Secondly, we prove that the same conclusion holds if we have a lower Ricci curvature bound or the connectedness of a certain surface of (Theorem 3). Finally, we also prove that, if two connected surfaces of are disjoint, is isometric to a standard -sphere (Theorem 4).

     

Discrete spectra of -algebras and complemented submodules in Hilbert -modules

Let be a -algebra and let be a full (right) Hilbert -module. It is shown that if the spectrum of is discrete, then every closed --submodule of is complemented in , and conversely that if is a -space and if every closed --submodule of is complemented in , then is discrete.

     

Une propriété de continuité du temps local

Let denote the local time (at 0) associated with a martingale . The aim of this note is to prove that the mapping is continuous from into weak-.

     

On commuting operator exponentials

Let , be bounded operators on a Banach space with -congruence-free spectra such that . E. M. E. Wermuth has shown that . Ch. Schmoeger later established this result, using inner derivations and, in a second paper, has shown that: for in a complex unital Banach algebra, if the spectrum of is -congruence-free and , then (and thus, answering an open problem raised by E. M. E. Wermuth). In this paper we use the holomorphic functional calculus to give alternative simple proofs of both of these results. Moreover, we use the Borel functional calculus to give new proofs of recent results of Ch. Schmoeger concerning normal operator exponentials on a complex Hilbert space, under a weaker hypothesis on the spectra.

     

The measure of holomorphicness of a real submanifold of an almost Hermitian manifold

In this note we define the measure of holomorphicness of a compact real submanifold of an almost Hermitian manifold . The number verifies the following properties: is a complex submanifold iff ; if is odd, then . Explicit examples of surfaces in are obtained, showing that and that , being the Clifford torus.

     

A Beurling-type theorem for the Fock space

Let be a finite codimensional quasi-invariant subspace of the Fock space . Then there exists a polynomial such that . We show that generates if and only if for some .

     

Number of Sylow subgroups in -solvable groups

If is a finite group and is a prime number, let be the number of Sylow -subgroups of . If is a subgroup of a -solvable group , we prove that divides .

     

On a subspace perturbation problem

We discuss the problem of perturbation of spectral subspaces for linear self-adjoint operators on a separable Hilbert space. Let and be bounded self-adjoint operators. Assume that the spectrum of consists of two disjoint parts and such that 0$">. We show that the norm of the difference of the spectral projections

for and is less than one whenever either (i) or (ii) and certain assumptions on the mutual disposition of the sets and are satisfied.

     

Sufficient conditions for one domain to contain another in a space of constant curvature

As an application of the analogue of C-S. Chen's kinematic formula in the 3-dimensional space of constant curvature , that is, Euclidean space , -sphere , hyperbolic space (, respectively), we obtain sufficient conditions for one domain to contain another domain in either an Euclidean space , or a -sphere or a hyperbolic space .

     

-hyponormal operators are subscalar

We prove that if are injective, then is subscalar if and only if is subscalar. As corollaries, it is shown that -hyponormal operators and log-hyponormal operators are subscalar; also w-hyponormal operators with Ker Kerand their generalized Aluthge transformations are subscalar.

     

A characterization of compactly generated metric groups

Recall that a topological group is: (a) -compact if where each is compact, and (b) compactly generated if is algebraically generated by some compact subset of . Compactly generated groups are -compact, but the converse is not true: every countable non-finitely generated discrete group (for example, the group of rational numbers or the free (Abelian) group with a countable infinite set of generators) is a counterexample. We prove that a metric group is compactly generated if and only if is -compact and for every open subgroup of there exists a finite set such that algebraically generates . As a corollary, we obtain that a -compact metric group is compactly generated provided that one of the following conditions holds: (i) has no proper open subgroups, (ii) is dense in some connected group (in particular, if is connected itself), (iii) is totally bounded (= subgroup of a compact group). Our second major result states that a countable metric group is compactly generated if and only if it can be generated by a sequence converging to its identity element (eventually constant sequences are not excluded here). Therefore, a countable metric group can be generated by a (possibly eventually constant) sequence converging to its identity element in each of the cases (i), (ii) and (iii) above. Examples demonstrating that various conditions cannot be omitted or relaxed are constructed. In particular, we exhibit a countable totally bounded group which is not compactly generated.

     

On polynomial products in nilpotent and solvable Lie groups

We are dealing with Lie groups which are diffeomorphic to , for some . After identifying with , the multiplication on can be seen as a map . We show that if is a polynomial map in one of the two (sets of) variables or , then is solvable. Moreover, if one knows that is polynomial in one of the variables, the group is nilpotent if and only if is polynomial in both its variables.

     

The number of Hall -subgroups of a -separable group

We observe a simple formula to compute the number of Hall -subgroups of a -separable finite group in terms of only the action of a fixed Hall -subgroup of on a set of normal -sections of . As a consequence, we obtain that divides whenever is a subgroup of a finite -separable group . This generalizes a recent result of Navarro. In addition, our method gives an alternative proof of Navarro's result.

     

Examples concerning heredity problems of WCG Banach spaces

We present two examples of WCG spaces that are not hereditarily WCG. The first is a space with an unconditional basis, and the second is a space such that is WCG and does not contain . The non-WCG subspace of has the additional property that is not WCG and is reflexive.

     

-inner automorphisms of finite groups

We refer to an automorphism of a group as -inner if given any subset of with cardinality less than , there exists an inner automorphism of agreeing with on . Hence is 2-inner if it sends every element of to a conjugate. New examples are given of outer -inner automorphisms of finite groups for all natural numbers .