Thermal and infrared spectrum analyses of natural and synthetic andersonites

The thermal decompositions of natural and synthetic andersonites were studied. Two partly overlapping dehydration steps and three partly overlapping decarbonation steps were observed. The second dehydration and the first decarbonation steps also partly overlap. During decarbonation, the gradual formation of sodium diuranate and monoclinic and hexagonal phases in the Na₂U₂O₇-CaUO_4–x system was proved. The results were correlated with measured infrared spectra using site and factor group analysis and X-ray structure analysis. The chemical formula inferred for natural andersonite, Na₂Ca[UO₂(CO₃)₃] 5.6H₂O, agrees with that proposed for its synthetic analogue.

---

Zusammenfassung Die thermische Zersetzung von natürlichem und synthetischem Andersonit wurde untersucht. Sie umfasst zwei teilweise überlappende Entwässerungs- und drei teilweise überlappende Decarboxylierungsstufen. Der zweite Entwässerungs- und der erste Decarboxylierungsschritt überlagern einander ebenfalls teilweise. Während der Decarboxylierung wird die allmähliche Bildung von Natriumdiuranat und monoklinen und hexagonalen Phasen des Systems Na₂U₂C₇-CaUO_4–x nachgewiesen. Die Ergebnisse wurden mit den gemessenen IR-Spektren unter Benutzung der site- und Faktor-Gruppenanalyse sowie Röntgenbeugungsuntersuchungen korreliert. Die für natürlichen Andersonit abgeleitete Formel Na₂Ca[UO₂(CO₃)₃].5,6H₂O stimmt mit der für synthetischen Andersonit vorgeschlagenen überein.

---

. . . , Na₂U₂O₇-CaUO_4–x. . Na₂Ca[UO₂(CO₃)₃] 5,6₂, ** , .

     

Thermal decompositions of (NH4)2WSe4 and (NH4)3VS4 under normal and reduced nitrogen pressures

A method is devised by modification of the author's previous method. Thermoanalytical data are transformed to equivalent isothermal ones, and linear relations are utilized to elucidate the mechanism and the pre-exponential factor, instead of curvefitting. Advantages are illustrated by applying this method to the decomposition of polycaprolactam.

---

Zusammenfassung Es wurde eine neue Methode durch Modifizierung der früheren Methode des Autors entwickelt. Bei der neuen Methode werden die thermoanalytischen Daten in isotherme umgewandelt und anstatt der Kurven-Anpassung der vorhergehenden Methode werden lineare Zusammenhänge zur Klärung des Mechanismus und des pre-exponentiellen Faktors eingesetzt. Die Vorteile der neuen Methode werden durch ihre Anwendung bei der Untersuchung der Zersetzung von Polycaprolactan veranschaulicht.

---

Résumé La méthode précédemment proposée par l'auteur est modifiée. La nouvelle méthode qui est présentée transforme les données thermoanalytiques en données isothermes équivalentes et utilise des relations linéaires pour établir le mécanisme et le facteur pré-exponentiel au lieu de la méthode antérieure avec ajustement des courbes. Les avantages de cette nouvelle méthode sont illustrés en l'appliquant à la décomposition du polycaprolactane.

---

, , , , , . .

     

Salt effects in the reaction of hexacyanoferrate(II) with periodate

The effects of various salts on the kinetics of ferrocyanide oxidation by periodate are reported. The reaction exhibits salt effects of low specificity at low concentrations of the added salts (<0.1 M). At higher concentrations, the effectiveness order for alkaline cations is Li⁺>K⁺>Na⁺ and tetralkylammonium ions have a comparable (Et₄N⁺) or even greater (Me₄N⁺) accelerating effects than alkaline cations.

---

. (<0,1 M) . : Li⁺>K⁺>Na⁺. (Et₄ N⁺) (Me₄ N⁺) , .

     

Investigation of proton-acceptor properties of oxide surfaces by IR spectroscopy of hydrogen-bonded complexes

Strength of the basic centers on catalyst surfaces is suggested to be characterized by the IR spectra of adsorbed chloroform. The existence of centers with different proton-acceptor properties on several oxides is shown experimentally.

---

- . , .

     

51V NMR studies of systems V2O5-KHSO4 and V2O5?K2SO4

Systems V₂O₅–KHSO₄ and V₂O₅–K₂SO₄ have been studied by the⁵¹V NMR method. The first system demonstrates the same states of vanadium as the previously studied V₂O₅–K₂S₂O₇, in this system a compound with an equimolar ratio of components has been found. In V₂O₅–K₂SO₄ the state of vanadium differs from the above systems and the formation of a compound with V/K=4 is observed.

---

⁵¹V KHSO₄–V₂O₅ K₂SO₄–V₂O₅. , K₂S₂O₇–V₂O₅, . K₂SO₄–V₂O₅ V/K4.

     

Physical properties of the catalyst used for partial oxidation of anthracene to anthraquinone. II. Electron paramagnetic resonance study

Electron paramagnetic resonance studies on intermediates and final active catalyst material used for partial oxidation of anthracene to anthraquinone are reported.

---

, .

     

X-ray diffraction studies of platinum-alumina catalysts in a high-temperature chamber

X-ray diffraction studies of platinum-alumina catalysts in a high-temperature chamber have revealed that for the catalysts obtained by the reduction of preactivated samples, no complete reduction of platinum takes place.

---

, , , .

     

The role of lattice and adsorbed oxygen in the oxidation of n-butene-1 and furan with MnMoO4-based catalysts

In this paper the adsorption properties towards oxygen and the catalytic oxidation properties of furan and n-butene-1 on a MnMoO₄-based catalyst have been compared. Different forms of adsorbed oxygen are responsible either for the oxidation of furan to maleic anhydride or of furane and n-butene-1 to carbon oxides.

---

--q MnMoO₄. , --1 .

     

M?ssbauer spectroscopic studies of the state of Pt?Sn/Al2O3 catalyst for hydrocarbon conversion

Mössbauer spectroscopic studies of the state of Pt–Sn catalyst for hydrocarbon conversion supported on prechlorinated -Al₂O₃ indicate that, unlike nonchlorinated Al₂O₃, this system is much more reduced and besides Pt₃Sn–PtSn₂, its surface contains sigfificant amounts of Sn(II) and Sn(IV) chlorides bonded to the surface.

---

Pt–Sn , -Al₂O₃. , Al₂O₃, Pt–Sn Pt₃Sn–PtSn₂ Sn(II) (IV), .

     

Thermal investigation of the phase composition of poly(ethylene terephthalate). Analysis of different methods of determination of the degree of crystallinity of partially crystalline substances

The literature data on the degree of crystallinity of non-deformed poly(ethylene terephthalate) measured at various temperatures have been subjected to comparative analysis. There is no correlation between the results obtained by the different methods. The reason for this is shown to be the imperfections in the methods of determining the degree of crystallinity, which do not provide the true composition of the crystalline phase. Consideration has been paid to the validity of the main principles involved in the thermal method of determining the degree of crystallinity, so as to eliminate the imperfections in the existing methods and to provide the correct value of the mass of the crystalline phase. The phase composition of PET has been analyzed by the thermal method at different temperatures and conditions of crystallization. A marked difference from the literature data is observed in the range of low temperatures.

---

Zusammenfassung Eine vergleichende Analyse der Literaturangaben bezüglich des bei verschiedenen Temperaturen gemessenen Kristallisationsgrades von nicht-deformiertem Poly(äthylen-terephthalat) wurde durchgeführt. Zwischen den mit verschiedenen Methoden erhaltenen Ergebnissen besteht keine Korrelation. Es wurde gezeigt, daß der Grund hierfür in der Unvollkommenheit der Methoden zur Bestimmung des Kristallisationsgrades liegt, da diese nicht die wahre Zusammensetzung der Kristallinen Phase angeben. Die Gültigkeit der wichtigsten Prinzipien, welche die thermische Bestimmung des Kristallisationsgrades unter Ausschaltung der Unvollkommenheit der bestehenden Methoden gewährleisten und den richtigen Wert der Masse der kristallinen Phase angeben, wurden in Erwägung gezogen. Die Analyse der Phasenzusammensetzung von PET wurde durch die thermische Methode bei verschiedenen Temperaturen und Kristallisationsbedingungen durchgeführt. Ein deutlicher Unterschied zu den Literaturangaben kann im Bereich der niedrigen Temperaturen beobachtet werden.

---

. , , . , , . , , . . .

     

Effect of the surface composition of silica supported Pt?Ru Bimetallic catalysts on methane-deuterium exchange reaction

The exchange reaction of methane and deuterium was studied over a series of silica-supported Pt–Ru bimetallic catalysts, whose surface composition was determined by means of O₂–CO titration. The stepwise exchange, giving CH₃D as the main product, proceeded on each surface Pt atom. The multiple exchange, which formed CD₄ directly, proceeded on an ensemble of several Ru atoms.

---

Pt–Ru, SiO₂, O₂–CO . , CH₃D , Pt. , CD₄, Ru.

     

Vapor phase oxidation of methylpyridines on zeolite catalysts

It has been established that zeolites containing Pd and Cu ions catalyze the vapor phase oxidation of methylpyridines. In oxidation of 2-methylpyridine on PdCuNa-mordenite at 375 °C the yield of 2-pyridinecarbaldehyde is 40 % of its theoretical values.

---

, , Pd Cu, . 2- PdCuNa- 2- 375°C 40% .

     

NMR studies of complex formation between H2PtCl4 and SnCl2 in organic solvents

Complex formation of H₂PtCl₄ with SnCl₂ in isopropanol and isopropanol-acetone solutions with the molar ratio [Sn]: [Pt]=1.0 has been studied by using¹⁹⁵Pt and¹¹⁹Sn NMR method.

---

¹⁹⁵Pt ¹¹⁹Sn H₂PtCl₄ co SnCl₂ - Sn:Pt=1,0.

     

Epoxidation of propylene with tert-butyl hydroperoxide in the presence of heterogeneous polymeric catalysts

A series of heterogeneous polymeric molybdenum containing catalysts on the basis of weak acid cation exchanger Amberlite IRC-84 in an organic and water medium was prepared. The catalysts activity and selectivity in the epoxidation of propylene with tert-butyl hydroperoxide are compared. Data about the chemical structure of catalytically active molybdenum containing centres of the modified cation exchanger were obtained.

---

, , IRC-84 . .. , .

     

Kinetics of the reaction of peracetic acid with naphthalene and anisol

The kinetics of the bimolecular reaction of peracetic acid with naphthalene (58–75 °C) and anisol (37.5–50.5 °C) have been studied in 21 dichlorethane-acetic acid. The rate constans for naphthalene and anisol are K_napht=2.0×10⁹ exp (–21000/RT) 1 mol^–1 sec^–1, K_anis=6.3×10⁸ exp (–17000/RT) 1 mol^–1 sec^–1.

---

(58–75 °C) (37.5–50.5 °C) (21). : ()=2,0×10⁹ (–21000/RT) /. . ()=6,3 10⁸ (17000/RT) /. .

     

On the rate and deepness of 3-methylpentane hydrogenolysis over various transition metals

The 11 metals studied can be divided into two groups: Rh, Pd, Ir, Pt, inducing single, and Co, Ni, Cu, Ru, Ag, Re, Os, causing multiple breakdown of the 3-methylpentane molecule. A fragmentation factor was defined which was found to be independent of the preparation of the metal and its activity in hydrogenolysis.

---

3- 11 : Rh, Pd, Ir Pt, 3-, Co, Ni, Cu, Ru, Ag, Re Os, . , , .

     

Propylene oxidation over tin-molybdenum oxide catalysts

The influence of preparation of tin-molybdenum catalysts on their phase composition and activity has been elucidated. The mutual dissolution of Sn and Mo oxides leads to a considerable increase in their activities and selectivities in the partial oxidation of propylene to acetone.

---

. , .

     

Interrelation of addition reactions of hexachlorocyclopentadiene and bromine to N-arylimides of endo-and exo-bicyclo[2,2,1]hept-5-ene-2,3-dicarboxylic acids

A comparative analysis of the relative reactivities of N-arylimides of endo-and exobicyclo[2,2,1]hept-5-ene-2,3-dicarboxylic acids for the addition reactions of hexachlorocyclopentadiene and bromine has been carried out. According to different correlations the transition states of these two processes are shown to be similar.

---

N- - - [2,2,1] -5--2,3- . .