掺质KTP型晶体生长与性能研究

采用高温溶液法生长了含掺质离子Zr4+,Ga3+的单掺和双掺系列KTP型晶体.晶体生长过程中发现Ga掺入溶液后,体系更加稳定,容易生长出光学质量的晶体;而Zr掺入溶液后体系稳定性降低,晶体生长较困难.用等离子体发射光谱测定了各掺质离子在晶体中的含量,计算出掺质离子的分配系数,发现生长体系中Ga无论是在高掺入量还是低掺入量的情况下,Ga在晶体中的含量都十分稳定.测定了晶体的晶胞参数、紫外-可见-红外吸收光谱,测定的结果发现,晶胞参数均变化不大,在吸收光谱中Ga:KTP在可见光谱区有少量的光吸收,而Zr:KTP晶体是无色透明的.通过粉末倍频实验发现,Zr的掺入有助于晶体倍频转换效率的提高.通过晶体c轴向离子电导率的测试发现,Ga的掺入使c轴向电导率降低了大约3个数量级.双掺Zr和Ga的晶体是性能更为优良的掺质KTP型晶体.     

双掺离子在KTNNP晶体生长中的协同效应研究

本文采用高温溶液法生长了不同掺质浓度的较大尺寸掺Nd3+和Nb5+KTP(KTNNP)晶体,以X射线单晶衍射仪测定了所生长晶体的晶胞参数,以等离子发射光谱(ICP-AES)法系统测定了晶体中的掺质浓度。实验结果显示,掺Nd3+和Nb5+后,KTP晶体生长习性和形态发生了很大的变化,而且体系中Nd3+的分配系数明显增大,并随Nb5+浓度的增大而增大,从而体现了Nb5+对Nd3+的协同效应。另外,掺质后,晶体的单胞体积一般略有增大,但未呈现出规律性。     

Ga3+:KTP晶体c向电导率的研究

采用ICP-AES法测定了Ga3+:KTP晶体中掺质Ga3+离子含量,并由此得出Ga3+离子在相应晶体生长体系中的平均分配系数为0.0373;采用静电计和多频测试仪测定并计算出Ga3+:KTP晶体c向的电导率,将其与纯KTP晶体者进行比较.结果发现,Ga3+:KTP晶体c向电导率比纯KTP晶体c向电导率在交流情况下最大降低了两个数量级以上.文中对晶体c向电导率的降低机理进行了探讨.     

双掺质KTP晶体倍频效应的研究

采用激光粉末倍频法,对掺入相同浓度Nb5+离子(1;)和相同浓度Nd3+,Yb3+,Tm3+等稀土离子(3;)的KTP-K6体系中生长的Nb:Nd:KTP,Nb:Yb:KTP和Nb:Tm:KTP双掺晶体进行了粉末倍频效应测试.结果发现,3种双掺质KTP晶体的粉末倍频效应较之KTP均有所提高.     

Al^3＋：KTP晶体生长及其相关性质研究

采用高温溶液法生长不同掺质浓度的Al3 :KTP晶体,以等离子体发射光谱法测定晶体中Al3 的含量,并计算出Al3 在相应生长体系中的分配系数.采用X射线粉末衍射和粉末倍频法分别测定了所生长晶体的晶胞参数和倍频效应,结果表明随着晶体中掺质浓度的增加,晶胞参数逐渐减小,而倍频效应呈现略微增强的趋势.     

KTP晶体的溶解度测定及其水热法生长

在溶液填充度f=70;,温度T=400,450,500和550℃的条件下,本实验通过淬冷失重法测定了KTP晶体在K2HPO4+KH2PO4水溶液中的溶解度.结果发现:在温度T≥450℃,K2HPO4和KH2PO4的浓度分别为2 mol/1和0.1 mol/1的条件下,KIP晶体在溶液中有足够大的溶解度和溶解度温度系数.该结果符合水热法生长KTP晶体的要求.并且通过水热法在溶液填充度f=70;,温度T=470～520℃的条件下,以2mol/1 K2HPO4+0.1 mol/1KH2PO4+1;质量分数H2 O2为矿化剂,合成出尺寸为24×14×60 mm3的KTP晶体.     

不同Yb掺质浓度的Yb:Y3Al5O12晶体激光性能的比较

采用提拉法生长了Yb3+掺质浓度为5;原子分数、 50;原子分数和100;原子分数的Yb:Y3Al5O12(Yb: YAG)晶体,系统地分析了不同Yb3+掺质浓度晶体的吸收光谱和荧光光谱.从吸收峰和吸收系数可以看出采用940nm LD泵浦三种不同浓度的Yb:YAG晶体都比较合适.随着Yb3+离子掺质浓度的增高,晶体中出现的自吸收现象越为明显.通过对三种不同Yb掺质浓度晶体激光性能参数的计算,得出高掺质浓度Yb:YAG和YbAG晶体是有前景的激光增益介质.     

Cs+:RbTiOPO4晶体的铁电相变和电导特性

在二元体系RbTiOPO4-CsTiPO5中通过助熔剂法生长出不同Cs+掺杂浓度的Cs+:RbTiOPO4晶体,X射线粉末衍射确定所获晶体的物相为斜方晶系Pna21型,研究了晶体的铁电相变及离子电导等物理性质,发现该类晶体具有典型的铁电体二次相变特征.     

掺杂对磷酸钛氧钾单晶拉曼光谱的影响

本文研究了掺金属元素Ce和Nb的磷酸钛氧钾(KTiOPO4,简称KTP)晶体在不同几何配置下的拉曼光散射.讨论了掺杂对KTP拉曼光谱的影响.拉曼光谱大的散射强度说明晶体有大的非线性光学特性.从掺铈和掺铌KTP中氧八面体和氧四面体相对于KTP的频率位移可知,稀土金属离子Ce比Nb离子对KTP拉曼光谱的影响更大.     

水热法和熔盐法生长的Nb: KTP晶体成分和结构研究

利用激光剥蚀-电感耦合等离子体质谱、X射线衍射分析、显微激光拉曼光谱等测试手段研究了掺铌磷酸钛氧钾(Nb: KTP)晶体成分对结构的影响,分析比较了水热法和熔盐法生长的Nb: KTP晶体中Nb的含量及分布特征、晶体结构和化学键特征峰的变化等.结果表明:由于Nb的影响和NbO6八面体的收缩效应,Nb: KTP晶体的轴长发生了微小变化,晶胞体积有所减小,TiO6八面体和PO4基团的拉曼特征峰有不同程度漂移,其中水热法和熔盐法Nb: KTP晶体的有效分凝系数分别为0.268和0.348.同时,研究指出在Nb: KTP晶体生长时,应确定合理的掺Nb量.     

Crystal growth and electric‐property change by rubidium or cesium doping on potassium‐sodium‐niobate

Alkali metals (Na, Rb or Cs) co‐doped with fiber‐ and bulk‐shaped KNbO₃ single crystals were grown using two original methods by means of doping together of small ionic Na and large ionic Rb or Cs into KNbO₃. Single‐phase crystals could be grown with an orthorhombic system at room temperature as well as pure KNbO₃. Piezoelectric and ferroelectric property changes by the co‐doping of Rb or Cs with Na were estimated using d₃₃ values and a polarization‐electric field hysteresis curve in fiber‐ and bulk‐shaped crystals. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

水热法KTP晶体生长与宏观缺陷研究

本文报道了水热法KTP晶体的生长工艺及晶体生长形态,系统研究了水热法KTP晶体的宏观缺陷,其宏观缺陷主要为添晶、生长脊线、裂隙和包裹体.提出了晶体生长工艺的改进措施,如提高原材料和试剂的纯度、调整籽晶的悬挂方式、减少籽晶的尺寸等,都可以减少晶体的宏观缺陷,提高晶体的质量.//(011)切向的籽晶生长的晶体质量较高,且能很好地应用于激光器件中.     

Growth,Characterization and Non-Critical Phase-Matching of Niobium-Doped KTP Crystals

A series of niobium doped KTP (Nb: KTP) crystals has been grown. XRD and DTA experiments show that the Nb: KTP crystal structures do not differ from that of KTP (within experimental error) and that the melting points of the crystals increase with increasing Nb content. Synchrotron radiation topography revealed that the main defects of the crystals were growth sector boundaries, growth striations, inclusions and dislocations. Second harmonic generation experiments were performed using a 12.2% Nb:KTP and the d₁₅ and d₂₄ values of csystal were determined to be (3.7 ± 0.4) and (8.3 ± 0.8) × 10⁻⁹ esu, respectively. The relationship between phase-matching angle and Nb content for a 1.064 μm laser was determined and in the case of a 4.0% Nb:KTP crystal, non-critical phase matching was realized.     

Growth of KTiOPO<Subscript>4</Subscript> crystals doped with zinc and studies of their physical properties and specific structural features

A series of potassium titanyl phosphate single crystals doped with zinc (KTP: Zn) is grown by spontaneous flux crystallization. Their properties and the way the additive is implanted in the crystal lattice are studied. The inclusion of zinc atoms in the KTP structure is evidenced by the data of chemical analysis and the results of studies of electrophysical properties (the growth of conductivity and increase of relaxation anomalies). Precision X-ray diffraction studies of KTP: Zn single crystals reveal changes in the channel of the structure which correlate with the physical properties of this crystal series. No substitution of zinc atoms for titanium, phosphorus, or potassium atoms is found in the structure. Zinc atoms can be located at structural defects, domain walls, and the crystal surface.     

熔盐法和水热法KTP晶体的晶胞参数及拉曼光谱特征

利用X射线衍射和显微激光拉曼光谱研究熔盐法自发结晶的KTP晶体、顶部籽晶熔盐法KTP晶体和水热法KTP晶体的晶胞参数和拉曼光谱特征,分析和比较不同方法生长的KTP晶体的晶体结构与化学键特征峰.研究表明:KTP晶体的晶胞参数与晶体生长方法有关,熔盐法自发结晶的KTP晶体生长过程中降温速率较快,晶胞体积相对较小;熔盐法和水热法KTP晶体中部分拉曼特征峰的位置因生长方法不同呈现一定的差异,水热法KTP晶体在782 cm-1、744 cm-1和515 cm-1处出现的特征峰可视为水热法KTP晶体的标志峰,借此可将其与熔盐法晶体相区分.     

A survey of research on KTP and its analogue crystals

This paper reviews the growth and properties of KTiOPOP₄ (KTP) and its analogue crystals including its isomorphous crystals and doped crystals. Based on the calculation of the refractive indices and phase matching of KTP crystals, it is shown that non-critical phase matching can be achieved theoretically. In a 4%Nb-doped KTP crystal, non-critical phase matching was obtained with a pulsed Nd:YAG laser in an efficiency of ca. 4%. Most of the isomorphous and doped KTP crystals possess similar physical, optical and nonlinear optical properties as those of KTP.RbTiOPO₄, KTiOASO₄ and RbTiOASO₄ crystals have better electrooptical figure of merit and RbTiOPO₄ crystals have a fast ion conductor character. Some doped KTP crystals have shown high second harmonic generation efficiencies and damage thresholds. But the homogeneity of KTP analogue crystals is poorer than that of KTP. On the base of damage threshold tests using a CW Argon laser, it is concluded that the best second harmonic generation crystal among all the KTP analogue crystals is still KTP itself. Special care must be taken to eliminate impurity centers to avoid the formation of gray track and photorefractive centers.     

KTP晶体的电光研究进展

本文简述了KTP晶体的电光性能并与KD*P、LN晶体进行了比较。概括了KTP晶体电光器件研究的主要进展。对水热法生长的KTP晶体和熔剂法生长的KTP晶体在电光应用中的优缺点进行了分析。最后介绍了熔剂法生长的低电导率KTP晶体在电光领域的应用研究。     

Novel synthetic alkali‐yttrium silicates with a new microporous mixed framework topology: (Rb,Cs)9Y7Si24O63 and isotypic Rb9Y7Si24O63

Prismatic colourless crystals of the two novel, isotypic title compounds were obtained by the flux growth technique. The crystal structures have been determined from single‐crystal intensity data in space group R 3 with a = 28.819(4) / 28.799(4), c = 13.916(3) / 13.864(3) Å, V = 10009(3) / 9958(3) ų, Z = 6, R (F) = 4.99 / 6.44%, respectively. They represent a novel structure type with microporous character. The framework is built from six‐membered silicate rings (approximate UDUDUD orientation) containing isolated YO₆ octahedra and compressed “six‐membered rings”, which in fact build a spiral of corner‐sharing SiO₄ tetrahedra. Approximately parallel to [111] run two different irregular channels hosting the Rb/Cs and Rb atoms. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)