以粉煤灰为原料采用两步法制备高纯度ZSM-5型沸石的研究

采用经碱熔融-离心提取处理后的粉煤灰为原料,经水热反应研究两步法合成高纯度ZSM-5型沸石的过程,探讨了碱灰比、焙烧温度对硅铝溶出量的影响,研究了碱度、晶化时间、晶化温度与硅铝比对合成ZSM-5型沸石的影响.结果表明:碱灰比为2.3∶1,焙烧温度为680 ℃时可获得最高的硅铝溶出量;当SiO2/Na2O =7(摩尔比),SiO2/Al2O3=45(摩尔比),晶化时间为68 h,晶化温度为180 ℃时可获得高纯度的ZSM-5型沸石.     

循环流化床粉煤灰可控制备高纯F型八面沸石研究

利用粉煤灰制备沸石分子筛是其高值化利用的重要方向之一.以循环流化床粉煤灰为原料,采用酸浸预处理-氢氧化钠碱熔活化-水热晶化法制备F型八面沸石,并用于吸附亚甲基蓝.考察酸浸温度、碱熔温度及碱灰质量比对粉煤灰结构的影响及碱熔温度、碱灰质量比、液固比及晶化时间对沸石的结构和形貌的影响.通过XRD和SEM对粉煤灰沸石的晶体结构和形貌进行表征.结果表明,利用循环流化床粉煤灰制备高纯F型八面沸石适宜条件为碱熔温度550℃,碱灰质量比1.5:1,液固比12 mL/g,晶体导向剂用量10;,晶化温度100℃,晶化时间20 h.其比表面积高达357 m2/g,且对亚甲基蓝的饱和吸附量高达178 mg/g.     

钾长石碱熔活化合成4A沸石研究

为了实现钾长石资源的综合利用,本文提出了碳酸钠碱熔活化钾长石制备碳酸钾和4A沸石的工艺.确定了碱熔活化反应的适宜条件.碱熔焙烧活化物料经水溶碳酸化后,得到含有KHCO3的溶液和硅铝质凝胶产物,前者可以经过蒸发结晶制备碳酸钾;后者经NaAlO2,NaOH和水调整合成体系中Al2O3∶SiO2∶ Na2O∶H2O的物质的量比为1∶2∶5∶185后,在45℃下老化反应0.5h,接着在90℃下晶化9h可制得离子交换性能优良的4A分子筛.4A分子筛的钙镁交换量分别为:296.4 mg/g和108.8 mg/g.合成4A沸石后的母液能够实现在4A分子筛制备中循环利用.     

固体硅胶制备小粒径NaA分子筛

以固体硅胶为硅源、偏铝酸钠为铝源,通过水热合成法制备小粒径NaA分子筛.实验探究碱度、陈化温度、陈化时间、晶化温度和晶化时间对合成NaA分子筛的影响.采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)分析手段表征合成样品的物相、结晶度、形貌和粒径大小.实验确定以固体硅胶为硅源水热合成小粒径NaA分子筛的碱度为n(H2O)/n(Na2O)=30,20℃陈化20h,100℃晶化4h,合成的NaA分子筛晶型完整、粒度分布均匀、平均粒径约为600nm.     

三聚甲醛存在下EMT分子筛的合成及表征

以硅酸钠为硅源、铝酸钠为铝源,以三聚甲醛(TOX)为有机添加剂,室温下悬浮聚集陈化合成了EMT分子筛.考察了凝胶组成、晶化温度、晶化时间等因素对EMT分子筛合成的影响.采用XRD、FT-IR、SEM、BET、ICP等手段对EMT分子筛进行了表征.结果表明,合成EMT分子筛适宜的条件为:凝胶摩尔组成nNa2O∶nAl2O3∶nSiO2∶nH2O∶nTOX=18.5∶1∶5∶240∶0.5,晶化温度30 ℃,晶化时间72 h,此条件下合成的EMT分子筛,XRD特征峰较强,与典型的EMT分子筛的特征衍射峰相吻合,相对结晶度为80.1;,经ICP分析计算Si/Al=2.01,BET比表面积为80.57 m2/g,孔容和孔径分别为0.03 cm3 /g和2.07 nm,SEM照片显示EMT为球形晶体颗粒团聚状生长,大小均匀,排列紧凑.     

超声波辅助固液反应球磨制备ZnFe2O4纳米晶的研究

以α-Fe2O3和ZnO粉体为原料,在超声波辅助高能球磨作用下通过诱发固液相反应,并在低温下烧结合成了ZnFe2O4纳米晶粉末.采用X射线、透射电镜(TEM)对前驱体和烧结产物进行了表征,分析了球磨过程对粉体晶粒尺寸的影响和znFe2O4的形成过程.实验结果表明:超声波辅助固液球磨能在低温下烧结合成ZnFe2O4纳米晶,纳米晶的晶粒尺寸为15～25 nm;相比无超声波辅助下的固液球磨,超声波球磨降低znFe2O4烧结温度约50℃;同一烧结温度下,球磨时间越长,ZnFe2O4转化率越高,晶粒尺寸越小.     

KOH碱熔活化钾长石制取全钾W型分子筛

本文提出了KOH碱熔活化钾长石制备全钾W型分子筛的工艺.考察了KOH碱熔活化碱矿比、老化温度与时间、晶化温度与时间及反应体系组成等因素对合成W型分子筛形貌和结构的影响,结果表明W型分子筛在较宽范围的条件下可以合成,其中适宜的条件为:KOH与钾长石的碱矿比为2∶1,活化物料按K2O∶SiO2∶Al2O3∶H2O摩尔比15∶ 10∶1∶570来调整配比,25℃下老化2.5h,150℃下晶化24h.W分子筛合成后的母液一部分可在W分子筛制备中循环利用,另一部分可副产K2CO3和白炭黑,实现了原料的综合利用.     

微波辅助水热合成条件对直接合成纳米HZSM-5晶体性质的影响

利用微波辅助水热合成法直接制备了纳米HZSM-5晶体.采用XRD、FT-IR、SEM、BET和NH3-TPD等手段对合成样品进行了分析表征,研究了晶化温度和时间对合成产物晶体性质的影响.结果表明,晶化温度和时间对微波辅助水热直接合成产物微观形貌、晶粒尺寸和分散度影响明显.较低的晶化温度和较短的晶化时间均难以形成形貌规则的HZSM-5晶体.随着晶化温度的升高,合成样品逐渐变为球形晶粒、晶粒尺寸逐渐增大、分散度逐渐提高,继续提高晶化温度达180 ℃时,晶粒长大使比表面积稍有降低;随着晶化时间的延长,样品的微孔和介孔增多,比表面积和孔容逐渐增大,继续延长晶化时间,晶体内微孔可能的收缩和晶粒的长大使得样品孔容和比表面积减小.160 ℃和1.5 h条件下制备的HZSM-5分子筛晶体形貌呈球形,晶粒尺寸约为60 nm,分散程度较好;其比表面积、孔容和平均孔径分别为398.45 m2·g-1、0.63 cm3·g-1和6.27 nm;晶体表面具有弱酸特征.     

临江某硅藻土酸浸煅烧增白工艺试验研究

采用酸浸-煅烧方法对临江某一级硅藻土进行了增白试验研究,探讨了酸浸温度、酸浸时间、硫酸浓度、固液比、煅烧温度、煅烧时间对硅藻土增白效果的影响,并通过扫描电镜及化学成分分析等对增白前后硅藻土进行了表征.结果表明:硅藻土增白适宜工艺条件为:酸浸温度100℃,酸浸时间4h,固液质量比1∶3.28,酸浓度5 mol/L,煅烧温度650℃,煅烧时间1.5h;优化工艺条件下,一级硅藻土白度由67.2;提升至88.4;,SiO2含量由89.78;提升至95.01;,Fe2O3含量由1.07;降低至0.21;.     

锂皂石的水热合成与表征

采用水热法,以LiOH-MgCl2-SiO2-H2O为反应体系,合成了系列锂皂石(Hectorite)样品.以XRD和FT-IR分析研究了系列锂皂石合成样品的结晶度和谱学特征,探讨了原料配比、晶化温度和晶化时间对合成产物结晶度的影响.结果表明,所设定的反应体系在温度为120℃、时间为12 h水热条件下即可形成锂皂石;在12～72 h和120～200℃合成条件下,随反应时间和反应温度的增加,样品的结晶度逐渐提高.     

Some observations on forms of NaA and NaX zeolites growing in the presence of triethanolamine

Using modified preparation conditions for silicate and aluminate solutions some differences in the result of large A- and X-type zeolites crystallization utilizing Charnell's procedure have been obtained. A-type zeolite crystals show clearly {110} faces. X-type zeolite occurs in mixed phase together with A-type zeolite as separate as well as overgrown crystals. These observations can be explained by structure defects in A-type crystals and by presence of polysilicate or/and too high aluminium content in the gel.     

固相法合成NaA型粉煤灰沸石对染料废水的吸附性能研究

以粉煤灰为原料,采用固相法合成NaA型粉煤灰沸石.通过静态吸附实验,研究了吸附时间、pH值、溶液浓度以及吸附温度对粉煤灰沸石吸附脱除亚甲蓝性能的影响.通过SME、XRD对产品进行表征,探讨了亚甲蓝在粉煤灰沸石上的吸附行为.结果表明:经XRD分析,合成产物主要为NaA型沸石.SEM分析表明,产物分别具有纺锤体及NaA型沸石立方体骨架结构;在吸附温度25 ℃,pH值>5,粉煤灰沸石投加量8 g·L-1,吸附30 min时,NaA型沸石对初始浓度为50~100 mg·L-1的亚甲蓝去除率均可达90;以上,较粉煤灰提高了45;;与商品沸石的吸附性能相当.合成的粉煤灰沸石吸附亚甲蓝过程符合Langmuir模型,其为单分子层吸附.     

Influence of starting zeolite on synthesis of RUT type zeolite by interzeolite conversion method

In this study, hydrothermal conversions of ?BEA and FAU type zeolites using various structure-directing agents were carried out. Highly crystalline and pure RUT type zeolites were obtained from both zeolites in the presence of tetramethylammonium hydroxide. There were no major differences between the characteristics of the RUT type zeolites obtained from the two starting zeolites. However, the Si/Al ratio and the crystallization rate of the RUT type zeolites were strongly dependent on both the framework structure and the Si/Al ratio of the starting zeolite. That is, the crystallization rate of the RUT type zeolite from the *BEA type zeolite did not depend on the Si/Al ratio of the starting *BEA type zeolite, whereas the crystallization rate of the RUT type zeolite from the FAU type zeolite was dependent on the Si/Al ratio of the starting FAU type zeolite. This suggests that the chemical structure and the concentration of locally ordered aluminosilicate species produced by the decomposition/dissolution of the starting zeolite can be altered by changing the framework structure of the zeolite.     

支撑沸石分子筛膜的研究进展

支撑沸石分子筛膜具有优良的择形分离与催化性能,且具有耐高温、抗化学侵蚀性强及机械强度高等特点,在膜分离和膜反应中的应用前景广阔;此类无机膜还可作为原子簇和超分子化合物的纳米组装基体,在制备具有特殊功能的光学和电化学材料等方面具有潜在的重要用途.本文综合评述了支撑分子筛膜的研究进展,阐述了支撑分子筛膜的水热合成方法(包括原位合成法和晶种法)及定向生长机理,讨论了最具开发潜力的A型和MFI型支撑沸石膜的合成条件及其与膜结构的关系,提出了需要进一步解决的问题和今后的主要研究方向.     

铁掺杂P型分子筛的合成及应用

采用水热合成法,按照摩尔比5Na_2O∶Al_2O_3∶8SiO_2∶xFe~(3+)∶(116～156)H_2O配料,草酸为铁离子的络合剂,经过室温搅拌成胶,100 ℃下于不锈钢反应釜中晶化20 h,合成了三种掺杂铁量不同的P型分子筛.利用XRD、FT-IR和SEM对产物进行了表征,分析结果表明铁掺杂P型分子筛与纯P型分子筛结构相同,其晶体粒度均匀且稍有增大;以合成的分子筛作为吸附剂考察了合成产物对水中氟离子、铅离子和钾离子的吸附性能,铁掺杂P型分子筛对氟离子的吸附性能明显增加,达到4.98 mg/g,而对铅离子和钾离子的吸附性能没有促进作用.     

Phillipsite-type synthetic zeolite with high silica contents and accompanying phases

A zeolite of P type with a molar ratio SiO₂ : Al₂O₃ of about 6 was obtained on laboratory and on enlarged scale, by synthesis carried out at 100°C in Na₂O K₂O SiO₂ Al₂O₃ H₂O system, without complexing agents. It was found that the products depend not only on the chemical composition of hydrogel but also on the kinetic factors such as: the material of the reactor wall, the amount of substrates taken for crystallization and stiring. It was found that the stability of zeolites increases in the order: L < T < Ch < P. The factors accelerating crystallization led to the more stable zeolites as products. The paper shows difficulties in implementing the laboratory results into an industrial production.     

Inversion of the Temperature Field in Optical Crystals

This article is devoted theoretical and experimental researches of temperature fields which are formed in area semi‐transparent, diffusely transmitting and scattering boundary of two optical environments. It is revealed, that thus can arise non‐monotonic or at certain conditions completely an inverse temperature field. The phenomenon of inversion of a stationary temperature field is revealed theoretically and subsequently is experimentally confirmed. The specific conditions of occurrence of the phenomenon of inversion are determined. During the crystal growth process behind the front of crystallization there can be a congestion of impurities or micro‐bubbles which are grasped by the moving front of crystallization. It results in occurrence diffusely transmitting and scattering boundary on which the radiating thermal flux going from the melt is dissipated in a growing crystal. In turn under the certain conditions it could result in non‐monotonic of temperature field in area of phase boundary and even in full inversion. The experimental equipment was developed and results of experimental measurements which completely confirm theoretical conclusions are given. The described phenomenon could be meet in growing of such optical crystals as sapphire, ruby, fluorides etc. It is specified, that the similar conditions can arise as well on boundary of solid‐gas and liquid‐gas.     

硫酸镁为原料制备三水碳酸镁晶须的研究

以MgSO4·7H2 O和Na2 CO3为原料制备了三水碳酸镁晶须,考察了MgSO4浓度、MgSO4和Na2 CO3摩尔加料比例、反应时间以及反应温度对产物的影响,并对产物进行了分析和表征。确定了适宜的反应条件为温度50℃、MgSO4浓度1.2 mol/L、MgSO4和Na2 CO3摩尔比1∶1.2、反应时间40 min,此条件下,镁离子的转化率可达82.35;。当Na2 CO3浓度升高、反应时间延长、反应温度升高时,三水碳酸镁会向碱式碳酸镁转变。同时也探索了以白钠镁矾作为镁源制备三水碳酸镁晶须的条件,并进行了母液循环工艺的设计。