CuCl2和CuSO4的核磁共振系数、粘度系数及其与水分子结构的关系

测定了较低浓度范围内CuCl2、CuSO4水溶液的粘度系数(B)、核磁共振(NMR)系数(B')及其对水17O NMR化学位移的影响, 进一步计算了Cu2+、Cl-、SO2-40的粘度系数及核磁共振系数, 并与文献值进行了比较. 利用17O NMR化学位移、粘度系数和核磁共振系数与水团簇结构和水分子缔合的关系, 分析了CuCl2、CuSO4对水结构的影响. 结果表明, CuCl2和CuSO4均具有促进水分子缔合, 使水团簇加大的作用, 且CuSO4对水的缔合作用大于CuCl2, Cl-对水缔合的破坏作用大于SO2-40 . Cu2+作为顺磁离子, 在核磁共振弛豫过程中, 具有明显的缩短水中质子的自旋-晶格弛豫时间, 使谱线变宽的作用.     

CuCl2和CuSO4的核磁共振系数、粘度系数及其与水分子结构的关系（英文）

测定了较低浓度范围内CuCl2、CuSO4水溶液的粘度系数（B）、核磁共振（NMR）系数（B′）及其对水17ONMR化学位移的影响,进一步计算了Cu2＋、Cl-、SO420-的粘度系数及核磁共振系数,并与文献值进行了比较.利用17ONMR化学位移、粘度系数和核磁共振系数与水团簇结构和水分子缔合的关系,分析了CuCl2、CuSO4对水结构的影响.结果表明,CuCl2和CuSO4均具有促进水分子缔合,使水团簇加大的作用,且CuSO4对水的缔合作用大于CuCl2,Cl-对水缔合的破坏作用大于SO420-.Cu2＋作为顺磁离子,在核磁共振弛豫过程中,具有明显的缩短水中质子的自旋-晶格弛豫时间,使谱线变宽的作用.     

拉曼光谱法测定冷冻对CuCl2与牛血清白蛋白作用的影响

用CuCl2溶液密度和粘度的变化表征溶液团簇结构的变化,发现CuCl2溶液经冷冻处理后,由于在水的微观结构上形成许多靠氢键结合的小水分子团簇结构,水分子氢键网络的缔合程度变大,溶液密度降低,粘度增大。采用激光显微共聚焦拉曼光谱法对冷冻前后CuCl2溶液与BSA相互作用进行研究,结果表明:Cu2+与BSA作用后,BSA酰胺I带特征峰发生位移,β-折叠构象增加,二硫键构象和酪氨酸外环境发生变化。CuCl2溶液经冷冻-解冻处理后,引起BSA酰胺I带特征峰发生位移的程度和对酪氨酸残基的影响变小,这种相互作用趋弱的效应与水分子团簇结构的变化有关。     

特殊缔合体系TFE水溶液分子动力学模拟

三氟乙醇(TFE)水溶液是一类特殊的缔合体系. 采用分子动力学模拟方法结合核磁共振化学位移研究了TFE水溶液体系全浓度范围的氢键网络, 并对动力学模拟结果和核磁共振化学位移进行了比较. 从径向分布函数(RDF)发现, TFE水溶液中存在着强氢键, 而体系中的C—H…O弱相互作用较为明显, 也不能忽略. 氢键网络分析发现TFE 水溶液体系的氢键大致分为以下三个区域: 在水富集区域, 水分子倾向于自身缔合形成稳定的簇结构, 随着TFE 浓度的增加, 水的有序结构受到破坏, 水分子和TFE分子发生交叉缔合作用形成氢键; 在TFE富集区域, 水分子较少, TFE分子自身通过氢键形成多缔体结构. 此外, 分子动力学统计的平均氢键数的变化和文献报导的核磁共振化学位移变化趋势相同, 实验和理论的结果吻合较好.     

β-乳球蛋白在磁化水中的水合作用:磁化处理对水分子缔合构造及蛋白质水合特性的影响(英文)

为探讨蛋白质在磁化水中的水合作用,首先利用粘度测定及氧17核磁共振(17O-NMR)对经静磁场(MF)处理不同有效时间(teff)后的纯水进行了分析,进一步又利用差示扫描热量计(DSC)及NMR对溶解于磁化水的β-乳球蛋白(β-Lg)的水合特性进行了分析.随teff的增加,水分子的内能不断减小,处于氢键结合状态的水分子的比例不断增加.结果表明MF处理促进了水分子缔合结构的形成,这一点可能与氢键的形成有关.随teff的增加,β-Lg表面水分子的运动性没有明显变化,但β-Lg溶液中非自由结合水的含量不断增加.说明β-Lg的水合作用与水分子的缔合分布有关,该分布依存于水分子的氢键状态并可通过磁场处理加以改变.     

离子液体1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑三氟甲基磺酸盐与水之间的氢键作用(英文)

通过衰减全反射红外(ATR-IR)光谱、二维红外相关谱结合量子化学计算研究了1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑三氟甲基磺酸盐([emim][OTf])和水之间的氢键作用.结果表明,在[emim][OTf]-水体系中,当水的浓度较低时(0.1x(D2O)0.3),水分子的主要存在形式是包裹在离子液体中的没有缔合的单体.水分子优先填充到[emim][OTf]的空隙中,并且与[emim][OTf]的阴离子形成"[OTf]-…HOH…[OTf]-"结构,水分子与[emim][OTf]的阳离子的相互作用位点是烷基氢而不是芳香氢;当水分子浓度较高时,水分子倾向于自身缔合形成小团簇结构,水分子与[emim][OTf]的阳离子的相互作用位点是芳香氢而不是烷基氢.     

芥子气与SDS作用机理的NMR研究

利用化学位移、弛豫时间、自扩散系数、NOE效应等多种核磁共振(NMR)信息对芥子气(HD)与阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)的作用机理进行了研究.加入HD后,化学位移的变化表明HD主要增溶在SDS胶束的H4,H3及H5区域,其水解产物更靠近H5区域;H4和H5的自旋-自旋弛豫时间(T2)与自旋一晶格弛豫时间(T...     

离子水化过程的核磁共振研究——环烷酸皂-长链醇-煤油-水微乳状液体系

有关阳离子水化作用的核磁共振研究,由于通常的实验方法不易做到(M)/(H_2O)>1的条件,所以观察不到少量水分子在大量阳离子环境中水合情况,所得到水中质子化学位移的变化很小,一般仅有0.1 ppm。本文利用无水皂化萃取剂加水生成微乳状液的方法,可使(M~ )/(H_2O)从100:1到1:100范围内变化。在加入不同量水的过程中,水的~1H化学位移出现两个极限值:在(M~ )/(H_2O)=100/1附近,配位水的化学位移向低场移动有最大极限值,在含水量增高的情况,逐渐趋近缔合水(即正常液体水)的化学位移4.8 ppm。这一过程可以看到配位水的化学位移比缔合水向低场移动2 ppm以上,比通常在浓盐水溶液中观察到的差值提高了一个数量级。因而为研究离子水化过程提供了一个新途径。 当(M)/(H_2O)大于100/时,配位水的化学位移随阳离子不同而趋于不同极限值,其顺序为:NH_4~ (7.54)>Li~ (7.08)>Na~ (6.22)>K~ (6.00)。这是由于阳离子场不同,其水化作用也不同。     

可快速计算水团簇三体作用强度的新方法

将水分子视为由2个O—H键偶极构成, 再将水分子间的三体作用视为长程诱导作用和短程校正之和, 使用Thole模型计算长程诱导作用, 通过同时考虑不同水分子间的置换和同一个水分子中2个键偶极间的置换计算短程校正, 从而提出了一个可快速计算水团簇三体作用强度的新方法. 根据已报道的12347个水三聚体的结构和CCSD(T)三体作用能, 确定了该方法所需参数. 将该方法和所确定的参数应用于67个水团簇体系, 计算这些体系的三体作用能, 并与CCSD(T), MP2, M06-2X方法的计算结果进行比较. 结果表明, 相对于CCSD(T)方法的总三体作用能, 本文方法的均方根偏差(RMSD)仅为3.32 kJ/mol, 平均相对偏差(MRD)仅为2.43%; 对较大水团簇体系, 该方法计算精度稍优于MP2方法, 明显优于M06-2X方法, 并且更快捷高效.     

磷改性ZSM-5沸石水热稳定性提高的理论研究

采用密度泛函理论和团簇模型在微观角度研究了磷改性ZSM-5沸石的水热稳定性．通过计算水解能证实加磷提高了沸石的水热稳定性．进一步研究了在水分子环境下沸石脱铝的初步过程发现,Al—O配位键在水分子的作用下易断裂,一到三个水分子可以和骨架Al形成较稳定的配位键并释放能量．我们的计算从热力学和动力学的角度证明了磷改性可以抑制脱铝发生．计算的^27Al NMR化学位移和实验值一致,验证了预测结构的合理性．     

Raman spectra and O NMR study effects of CaCl2 and MgCl2 on water structure

With various concentrations of CaCl₂ and MgCl₂ aqueous solution below 1.0 mol/l, Raman spectra of water in the OH stretch region of 2500-4000 cm⁻¹ and ¹⁷O NMR chemical shift of water are measured and the Raman spectra are deconvoluted. Both Raman spectra and ¹⁷O NMR of water show that the effect of Ca²⁺ on water structure is stronger than that of Mg²⁺. CaCl₂ and MgCl₂ destroy four hydrogen bonded water structure, but promote median water cluster size.     

CuO/Al_2O_3催化剂中毒与氧吸附

燃煤烟气属于贫燃燃烧 (燃烧时通入过量空气 )尾气 ,其中除含 NOx、SO2 外还含有 O2 等 ,与非贫燃系统尾气中 NOx 的催化还原脱除相比有着很大的不同 .目前这一领域的研究工作虽然取得一些进展 ,但仍有许多问题尚待解决 [1] .无论是 NOx 的催化还原还是催化分解 ,气相中存在的SO2 对非贵金属及其氧化物催化剂构成了严重威胁 ,原因是非贵金属氧化物很容易吸收 SO2 生成稳定的硫酸盐而使催化剂中毒失活 .为脱除烟气中的 NOx,有报道先将气相中的 NO催化氧化为NO2 ,然后将 NO2 和 SO2 同时液相吸收 .研究表明 ,作为 NO催化氧化的非贵…     

浓度及冷冻鄄解冻处理对CuCl2水溶液中Cu2+区域结构的影响

应用扩展X射线吸收精细结构(EXAFS)光谱研究了CuCl2水溶液中Cu2+的区域环境结构, 通过测定CuCl2水溶液在不同浓度条件下及冷冻-解冻(FT)处理前后Cu K边EXAFS 吸收谱, 研究了浓度及冷冻-解冻处理对Cu2+第一配位层结构的影响. EXAFS实验结果表明, CuCl2水溶液中Cu2+第一配位层距离中心原子Cu最近邻原子为O原子, 配位数介于3.0-4.3之间, Cu—O键长在0.192-0.198 nm 之间, 这种结构与Cu2+的Jahn-Teller效应有关. 不同浓度的CuCl2水溶液中Cu2+的区域环境结构有很大不同, 随着CuCl2水溶液浓度的升高, Cu2+第一配位层配位数减小, Cu—O键伸长. 结构参数拟合结果证实冷冻-解冻处理对Cu2+的区域环境结构有影响, CuCl2溶液经冷冻-解冻处理后, Cu2+第一配位层配位数变大, 热无序度增加.     

Diastereomeric difference of inclusion modes between (-)-epicatechin gallate, (-)-epigallocatechin gallate and (+)-gallocatechin gallate, with beta-cyclodextrin in aqueous solvent

Inclusion complexes of (-)-epicatechin gallate (ECg) as well as (+)-gallocatechin gallate (GCg) and beta-cyclodextrin (beta-CD) in an aqueous solution were investigated using several NMR techniques and a computational method. ECg and EGCg formed a 1:1 complex with beta-CD, in which the A ring and a portion of the C ring were included from the wide secondary hydroxyl group side of the beta-CD cavity, and the B and B' rings were left outside the cavity. GCg formed a 1:2 complex with beta-CD, in which the A and B rings of GCg were included by two molecules of beta-CD. The difference between the two modes of inclusion of the 1:1 complex of ECg, EGCg.beta-CD and the 1:2 complex of GCg.beta-CD might have resulted from the size of the space between the B and B' rings in aqueous solution. As a result of nuclear Overhauser effect (NOE) experiments, GCg was considered to have a large enough space between the B and B' rings to include the B ring in the beta-CD cavity; on the other hand, ECg and EGCg have no such large space.     

Heats of solution of cuprous chloride in aqueous HCl−HClO4 mixtures

Experimental heats of solution of CuCl in aqueous HCl-HClO₄ mixtures have been analyzed using a virial model to represent the effects of solution composition on activity coefficients of all species. The thermodynamics needed for this purpose are described briefly. Optimization of the representation of the data produced values of standard heats of solution to form CuCl ₂ ^– and CuCl ₃ ^2– which agreed with these previously deduced from solubility data, as well as temperature derivatives of the virial parameters. Uses of the resultant information are discussed.     

CuCl3]- and [CuCl4]2- hydrates in concentrated aqueous solution: a density functional theory and ab initio study

In this work, structures and thermodynamic properties of [CuCl(3)](-) and [CuCl(4)](2-) hydrates in aqueous solution were investigated using density functional theory and ab initio methods. Contact ion pair (CIP) and solvent-shared ion pair (SSIP) structures were both taken into account. Our calculations suggest that [CuCl(3)(H(2)O)(n)](-) clusters might favor a four-coordinated CIP structure with a water molecule coordinating with the copper atom in the equatorial position for n = 3 and 4 in aqueous solution, whereas the four-coordinated SSIP structure with one chloride atom dissociated becomes more stable as n increases to 5. For the [CuCl(4)](2-) cluster, the four-coordinated tetrahedron structure is more stable than the square-planar one, whereas for [CuCl(4)(H(2)O)(n)](2-) (n ≥ 1) clusters, it seems that four-coordinated SSIP structures are slightly more favorable than CIP structures. Our calculations suggest that Cu(2+) perhaps prefers a coordination number of 4 in CuCl(2) aqueous solution with high Cl(-) concentrations. In addition, natural bond orbital (NBO) calculations suggest that there is obvious charge transfer (CT) between copper and chloride atoms in [CuCl(x)](2-x) (x = 1-4) clusters. However, compared with that in the [CuCl(2)](0) cluster, the CT between the copper and chloride atoms in [CuCl(3)](-) and [CuCl(4)](2-) clusters becomes negligible as the number of attached redundant Cl(-) ions increases. This implies that the coordination ability of Cl(-) is greatly weakened for [CuCl(3)](-) and [CuCl(4)](2-) clusters. Electronic absorption spectra of these different hydrates were obtained using long-range-corrected time-dependent density functional theory. The calculated electronic transition bands of the four-coordinated CIP conformer of [CuCl(3)(H(2)O)(n)](-) for n = 3 and 4 are coincident with the absorption of [CuCl(3)](-)(aq) species (～284 and 384 nm) resolved from UV spectra obtained in CuCl(2) (ca. 10(-4) mol·kg(-1)) + LiCl (>10 mol·kg(-1)) solutions, whereas the calculated bands of [CuCl(3)(H(2)O)(n)](-) in their most stable configurations are not when n = 0 - 2 or n > 4, which means that the species [CuCl(3)](-)(aq) exists in those CuCl(2) aqueous solutions in which the water activity is neither too low nor too high. The calculated bands of [CuCl(4)(H(2)O)(n)](2-) clusters correspond to the absorption spectra (～270 and 370 nm) derived from UV measurements only when n = 0, which suggests that [CuCl(4)](2-)(aq) species probably exist in environments in which the water activity is quite low.     

CuCl改性Y型分子筛的CO吸附性能研究

利用自发单层分散原理,讨论了在NaY,NH4Y,CuY分子筛上CuCl分散改性情况,并对所得到的改性分子筛进行了CO吸附性能研究。实验结果表明,在低CuCl担载量时,CuCl可在这三种载体表面达到原子水平分散,其分散容量分别为0.58g/gNaY,0.68g/gNH4Y和0.41g/gCuY。由于CO与Cu^+可生配位化合物,经CuCl改性的Y型分子筛对CO显示出较高吸附性能。其中,0.6gCuCl/gNH4Y分子筛表现出最高的CO吸附容量,在室温、常压下可达123mL/gNH4Y.     

Sonochemical Preparation of Micro- and Nanometer Cu2O

Cu2O particles with different morphologies and scales were prepared sonochemically on the solid-liquid interface of CuCl and water, by adjusting the reaction factors. The products were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction（XRD） and scanning electron microscopy（SEM）. The formation and morphology of Cu2O crystals were influenced by high-intensity ultrasound, reaction temperature, and addition of CuCl. The results indicate that micrometer Cu2O was crystallized in cubic and octahedral shapes, whereas, nanometer Cu2O was not produced in well-shaped crystals.     

CuCl2硅溶胶和水溶液中铜的电化学行为研究

采用循环伏安法和计时安培法研究了CuCl2硅溶胶和水溶液中铜在玻碳电极上的电沉积和电结晶行为.结果表明在两种CuCl2电解质中,铜的电沉积分两个步骤完成,Cu2+还原为Cu+在硅溶胶中较水溶液中容易;采用吸附-成核模型解析电流-时间暂态曲线,并确定铜的电结晶机理为扩散控制下的连续成核三维生长(3DP),Cu2+在水溶液中的扩散系数较硅溶胶中的大,但相同电位下在硅溶胶中的饱和成核数密度高于水溶液中.