BOF-LF/VD-CC工艺生产高级船板钢纯净度的研究

高级别船板钢由于具有较高的强度和低温冲击韧性,要求冶炼的钢水有较高的纯净度,同时控制夹杂物的形态.本文采用优化的工艺对国内某厂的高级船板钢的纯净度和夹杂物的行为进行了试验研究.试验结果表明,该工艺生产的钢水具有较高的纯净度,充分钙处理的铸坯上主要是小于10μm的CaO-CaS-Al2O3成分的球形夹杂物.采用合理的工艺措施,BOF-LF/VD-CC流程可以生产出低氧、低硫、高纯净度的钢水,满足高级船板钢的要求.     

BOF-LF-CSP工艺低碳铝镇静钢精炼过程的夹杂物变化

对BOF-LF-CSP工艺生产低碳铝镇静钢精炼过程连续密集取样,运用ASPEX扫描电镜统计分析了夹杂物成分、尺寸分布和数量变化.发现喂铝线后夹杂物数密度和面积分数都急剧增加.精炼20 min至钙处理前软吹期间,夹杂物数密度变化不大,但夹杂物面积分数却明显下降.精炼结束时主要为含有少量CaO的MgO-Al2O3尖晶石类夹杂.钙处理后,夹杂物数密度和面积分数都有增加,主要为钙铝酸盐和由于喂入过量钙生成的CaS夹杂.     

低碳低硅铝镇静钢的生产实践

保证成品成分合格率、钢水的流动性是影响钢铁企业生产稳定的重要因素。在SPCC、SPHC、08AL等铝镇静钢的生产过程中,出现的塞棒行程上涨、堵塞水口甚至断浇以及成品Si含量超标等问题,可通过采取改进转炉冶炼工艺、提高精炼渣控制以及改善连铸机保护浇铸等措施来解决。     

高拉速连铸低碳铝镇静钢铸坯中夹杂物

针对高拉速板坯连铸生产的低碳铝镇静钢铸坯,采用Aspex自动扫描电镜对铸坯表层夹杂物进行大面积的扫描分析,得到不同拉速下夹杂物的变化规律,并探究流场和S含量对夹杂物分布的影响。结果表明：随着拉速增大,钩状坯壳的深度和长度逐渐减小。对拉速大于2 m·min-1的铸坯,由于钩状坯壳不是很发达,铸坯表层没有发现大于200μm的夹杂物。铸坯表层尺寸介于50~200μm的夹杂物主要是由凝固坯壳所捕获,而夹杂物在凝固前沿的受力决定了夹杂物的捕获行为。随着拉速提高,凝固前沿的钢液流速增加,随着冲刷力的增加、捕获力的减少,夹杂物被捕获的数量减少。在高拉速连铸下,如果钢液中S含量较大,夹杂物受到明显的温度Marangoni力,会更容易被凝固坯壳捕获。     

不同钢包吹氩工艺对夹杂物去除效果的比较

通过对新钢改进钢包吹氩工艺后的钢样电解分析发现,改进后的钢包吹氩工艺对大型夹杂物平均去除率达到了34.3%,特别是对于直径大于300μm的大型夹杂物去除率达到100%.利用扫描电镜对所取金相试样进行了夹杂物分析,确定了钢液中夹杂物的类型主要有:硅酸盐和硫化锰.利用金相显微镜对金相样中的显微夹杂物进行统计分析发现,改进吹氩方案下各个粒径范围的显微夹杂物都有一定减少,由此表明改进吹氩方案对显微夹杂物的去除有显著效果.吹氩的合理与否将直接决定钢液中的大型夹杂物和显微夹杂物的去除率.     

BOF-LF-CSP工艺低碳铝镇静钢精炼过程的夹杂物变化

对BOF-LF-CSP工艺生产低碳铝镇静钢精炼过程连续密集取样,运用ASPEX扫描电镜统计分析了夹杂物成分、尺寸分布和数量变化.发现喂铝线后夹杂物数密度和面积分数都急剧增加.精炼20 min至钙处理前软吹期间,夹杂物数密度变化不大,但夹杂物面积分数却明显下降.精炼结束时主要为含有少量CaO的MgO-Al₂O₃尖晶石类夹杂.钙处理后,夹杂物数密度和面积分数都有增加,主要为钙铝酸盐和由于喂入过量钙生成的CaS夹杂.     

超低碳铝镇静钢方坯连铸工艺

为了对超低碳铝镇静钢的生产工艺进行优化研究,结合某钢铁厂的现有工艺装备和条件,经过大量试验研究,确立了转炉—LF—RH—连铸机的工艺路线,并实施转炉初炼钢水质量控制、钢包顶渣改制及成分控制、RH工艺优化及钙处理等工艺优化措施.工艺流程优化后,控制转炉初炼钢水出钢氧的质量分数为0.04%～0.08%,终点碳0.03%～0.05%%,钢包顶渣改制后FeO+MnO<3%,钙处理钢中Ca的质量分数达到0.002%～0.003%,解决了方坯连铸中包水口絮流的技术难题,实现了超低碳铝镇静钢方坯顺利浇铸,连浇炉数达到8炉以上,达到了成品碳含量[C]<50×10-6,全氧含量≤30×10-6的较好质量水平.     

钙处理对铝镇静钢中非金属夹杂物变性效果的影响

通过对LF前—LF后—中间包—连铸工艺生产40Cr钢各环节系统取样,以及电子显微镜对夹杂物的形貌、尺寸及组成的分析,发现40Cr铸坯中含有大量CaO(CaS)-Al2O3-MgO类复合夹杂.采用Factsage计算得到的CaO-CaS-Al2O3三元相图对钙处理后CaO(CaS)-Al2O3夹杂形成过程进行了理论计算;并对实际发现的CaO(CaS)-Al2O3-MgO类复合夹杂物的面扫描分布进行描边处理,探讨了该类夹杂物的组成和形成过程.经Factsage理论计算发现,CaO-CaS-Al2O3三元相图中液相区各成分质量分数为CaO 32%～58%、CaS 0%～5%以及Al2O342%～65%,钙处理后CaO含量有逐渐增加,CaS含量有逐渐减小趋势.结合夹杂物的面扫描分布发现,CaO(CaS)-Al2O3-MgO类复合夹杂物的组成为xCaO·yAl2O3+mMgO·nAl2O3+Al2O3+CaS,钙处理后Ca能够使Al2O3变性为CaO-Al2O3,但同时夹杂物中也有很高的CaS成分,随着钙处理的充分进行,CaS将由内及外向CaO-Al2O3逐渐转变.     

BOF-LF-CC工艺生产50 CrVA弹簧钢洁净度研究

通过对国内某钢厂BOF-LF-CC工艺生产50CrVA弹簧钢进行全流程连续取样,综合分析了冶炼过程中总氧( T. O.)、N含量变化,非金属夹杂物的衍变规律,以及铸坯中大型夹杂物的特征.结果表明,LF精炼前T. O.和N的平均含量分别为106×10-6和13×10-6,铸坯中分别为15×10-6和39×10-6,LF过程脱氧效果明显;运输和浇注过程存在较明显的二次氧化现象,需要加强大包到中间包的保护浇注;铸坯中夹杂物主要为CaO-Al2 O3-MgO和CaO-Al2 O3-SiO2复合氧化物夹杂,其中Al2 O3含量(质量分数)较高,达到60%~70%,未得到低熔点夹杂物,可通过适当提高精炼渣碱度,或喂入适量钙线促使夹杂物充分转变为成分更加均匀的低熔点夹杂物;大型夹杂物以CaO和CaO-Al2 O3-SiO2-( MgO)球状氧化物为主,还存在一定比例的纯Al2 O3夹杂物,需要延长钢包弱搅拌时间使夹杂物充分上浮.     

钢包在线底吹氩及夹杂去除的物理模拟研究

采用物理模拟的方法,研究钢包在线底吹氩时,钢包内钢液量、渣层厚度、底吹气体流量等参数对钢包顶部钢液裸露面积的影响,以及钢包在线底吹氩工艺对钢液中夹杂去除率的影响。结果表明,钢包临界卷渣底吹气体流量随着浇铸的进行而逐渐减小;在钢液量相同时,钢包顶部钢液裸露面积随着底吹气体流量的增加而逐渐增大;在底吹气体流量相同时,钢包顶部钢液裸露面积随着钢液液面高度的下降而逐渐减小;渣层越厚,钢液裸露面积越小;在底吹气体流量较小时,透气砖无堵塞与堵塞50%时造成的钢液裸露面积大小相近,但随着底吹气体流量的增加,透气砖堵塞50%时较无堵塞时造成的钢液裸露面积大;钢包在线底吹氩可以提高钢液中夹杂物的去除率。     

低碳钢头坯洁净度研究

采用氧氮分析、金相分析、大样电解分析、扫描电镜及能谱分析等,研究LD—Ar站—CC生产的低碳钢头坯不同浇铸长度处的洁净度变化规律,并与正常坯洁净度水平进行对比分析。结果表明,头坯中T[O]和氮含量均随着浇铸长度的增加呈明显的下降趋势;头坯中显微夹杂物数量和大型夹杂物数量随着浇铸长度的增加大体都呈减少趋势;头坯中显微夹杂物主要来源于脱氧产物和二次氧化,大型夹杂物来源于二次氧化、结晶器卷渣、中间包卷渣和钢包引流砂;与正常坯洁净度相比较,头坯洁净度在浇铸长度大于3m以后与正常坯水平相一致。     

CSP低碳铝镇静钢水可浇性控制

通过钢液-夹杂物的热力学基本理论,利用活度相互作用系数和Bjorkvall方法分别计算了CSP流程低碳铝镇静钢中钢和夹杂物的成分,详尽地分析了CaO-Al2O3二元系中中间相3CaO·Al2O3,CaO·A12O3,液态12CaO·7Al2O3和CaS夹杂的热力学性质,同时分析了钙处理过程中生成液态铝酸钙夹杂物,避免CaS夹杂析出的条件.模型的结果与工厂试验结果相符合.     

Cleanliness of Ti-bearing Al-killed ultra-low-carbon steel during different heating processes

During the production of Ti-bearing Al-killed ultra-low-carbon (ULC) steel, two different heating processes were used when the converter tapping temperature or the molten steel temperature in the Ruhrstahl-Heraeus (RH) process was low:heating by Al addition during the RH decarburization process and final deoxidation at the end of the RH decarburization process (process-I), and increasing the oxygen content at the end of RH decarburization, heating and final deoxidation by one-time Al addition (process-Ⅱ). Temperature increases of 10℃ by different processes were studied; the results showed that the two heating processes could achieve the same heating effect. The T.[O] content in the slab and the refining process was better controlled by process-I than by process-Ⅱ. Statistical analysis of inclusions showed that the numbers of inclusions in the slab obtained by process-I were substantially less than those in the slab obtained by process-Ⅱ. For process-I, the Al₂O₃ inclusions produced by Al added to induce heating were substantially removed at the end of decarburization. The amounts of inclusions were substantially greater for process-Ⅱ than for process-I at different refining stages because of the higher dissolved oxygen concentration in process-Ⅱ. Industrial test results showed that process-I was more beneficial for improving the cleanliness of molten steel.     

Grain refinement of low carbon steel produced by CSP process

In comparison with conventional production for hot strips, compact strip production (CSP) brings about some new microstructural phenomena. Investigations were carried out to clarify the grain refinement mechanism of low carbon steel strips produced by the EAF-CSP process. Samples, obtained from the same rolling stock during continuous rolling, were examined through SEM,TEM and XEDS. Thin slabs have a dominant columnar structure and the spacing of the secondary dendrite arms ranges from 90 to ~125 μm. The average grain sizes for the central area of the samples from the 1st to 6th pass are 41.6, 25.2, 21.4, 20.2, 13.1, 6.7 μm,respectively. Large number of nanometer oxide and sulfide have been found in the low carbon steel produced by the CSP process.The grain refinement mechanism can be summarized as follows: finer solidification structure of the thin slab; austenite recrystallization at higher temperature and stain accumulation at lower temperature caused by the great reduction of single rolling pass during continuous rolling; nano-scaled precipitates of sulfide and oxide which drag grain boundaries of austenite or ferrite to prevent the grain coarsening.     

Quantitative analysis on strengthening mechanism of ultra-thin hot strip of low carbon steel produced by CSP technique

Based on experimental data of positron annihilation technology, electrolytic dissolution technique, electron back-scattered pattern, etc. And by analysis the strengthening factors, the strengthening mechanism of ultra-thin hot strip of low carbon steel produced by CSP (Compact Strip Production) technique was investigated. The value of each strengthening mechanism and its contribution percentage to yield strength were achieved. The results show that refinement strengthening is the predominant strengthening mode; precipitation strengthening and dislocation strengthening are second to it, their contributions to yield strength are almost equal.     

BOF—LF—RH—CC生产DH36船板钢洁净度

洁净度对船板钢的性能具有重要作用.通过对BOF—LF—RH—CC流程生产DH36船板钢各工艺环节系统取样,采用多种分析方法分析夹杂物的形貌、尺寸、数量及组成,系统研究了D36生产过程中洁净度的衍变规律.研究表明,采用合理的优化工艺,BOF—LF—RH—CC生产的DH36钢水高洁净度较高,铸坯平均全氧为17.0#10-6,N为29.0#10-6,显微夹杂物6.8 mm-2,主要为尺寸<5μm的球形氧化物和硫化物复合夹杂,满足高级别船板钢的要求.     

KR-BOF-LF-CC生产汽车大梁钢LG510L洁净度的研究

通过氧氮分析、金相分析、大样电解法、扫描电镜及能谱分析等,研究采用KR-BOF-LF-CC工艺生产的汽车大梁钢LG510L的洁净度。结果表明,铸坯中平均T[O]和氮含量分别为29.20×10-6和38.80×10-6;钢中显微夹杂物和大型夹杂物数量都随着各工序的不断进行大体呈递减趋势;钙处理前主要显微夹杂物为Al2O3,经过钙处理后,夹杂物发生变性,主要为CaO-Al2O3;铸坯中大型夹杂物主要是SiO2和硅铝酸盐,来源于脱氧产物及其与耐火材料或炉渣反应的产物。     

Study on temper-rapid cooling process of low carbon steel produced by CSP

On the basis of the effect of carbon precipitation on the microstructure and properties of steel products below A₁ temperature, a new thermal treatment method (temper-rapid cooling process) was studied. By the temper-rapid cooling process, the yield strengths of the high strength low carbon (HSLC) steel ZJ330 and SPA-H produced using the compact strip production (CSP) process increased from 340 to about 410 MPa and from 410 to about 450 MPa, respectively. The results indirectly indicated that there existed nanoscaled iron-carbon precipitates that have obvious precipitation effect on low carbon steel produced by CSP. The prospect of application is discussed.     

BOF--LF--CC生产SWRH82 B硬线钢的洁净度研究

采用系统取样与实验室综合分析,对BOF-LF-CC工艺生产的SWRH82B钢洁净度衍变规律进行研究。结果表明,钙处理后钢中T[ O]和显微夹杂物数量显著下降,轻微增氮;浇铸过程增氧增氮严重;铸坯中<5μm显微夹杂占97%,主要是棱角分明的纯Al2 O3夹杂,球状复合氧化物与CaS和MnS的复合夹杂,简单氧化物或氮化物与MnS的复合夹杂;LF精炼后钙处理,脱氧显著,但使得铸坯中出现很多Al2 O3硬性夹杂,对SWRH82B盘条质量造成严重的危害;中间包结构不合理,卷渣、内衬侵蚀和二次氧化严重,连铸过程钢液洁净度下降。