Zur (γ,p)- und (γ,np)-Reaktion am Argon 40

Argon gas has been irradiated with 34 MeV bremsstrahlung. The yields of the reactions A⁴⁰(γ, p) Cl³⁹ and A⁴⁰ (γ, np) Cl³³ were determined relative to C¹²(γ, n) by β-counting. The resulting upper limits for the cross sections integrated to 28 MeV are 160 MeVmbarns for (γ, p), and 35 MeV mbarns for (γ, np). This does not confirm the anomalously high A⁴⁰ (γ, p)-cross section reported in the literature.     

Analog resonances with J π = 3/2− in the 40Ar(pγ)41 K reaction

γ decay of isobaric analog 2p _3/2 resonances in the ⁴¹K nucleus, observed in the ⁴⁰Ar(pγ)⁴¹K reaction at E _p = 1102, 1839, 1842, 1859, 1875, and 1896 keV, has been experimentally investigated. The decay schemes of these resonances are constructed, the angular distributions of γ rays are measured, and the partial γ widths are determined for the first time. The intensities of single-particle M1 transitions are compared with the results of the calculations within the shell model with surface δ interaction.     

The reaction 36S(α, γ)40Ar: Yield curve,excitation energies and decay of 40Ar resonance levels

The 8 to 10 MeV levels in ⁴⁰Ar have been studied for the first time through the reaction ³⁶S(α, γ)⁴⁰Ar (Q-value 6.80 MeV). Energy and strength of 51 resonances have been determined in the bombarding energy range E_α = 2.3 to 3.55 MeV. The decay schemes have been studied for 13 resonances.     

The reaction 36(α, γ)40Ar: γ-transition properties of resonance and bound states in 40Ar

The El character of the de-excitation of the 9 to 10 MeV states in ⁴⁰Ar has been studied through the reaction ³⁶S(α, γ)⁴⁰Ar. Angular distributions and γ-yield asymmetries of primary transitions from the E_α = 2.35 to 3.50 MeV resonances have been measured. The Doppler-shift attenuation method was used to obtain the following lifetime values: 720 ± 120fs (E_x= 2.52 MeV), 89 ±17 (3.21), 90±17(3.511), 22 ±9 (4.33), and 105 ± 17 (4.60).     

The influence of the spin-orbital bond on direct photonuclear reactions (γ, n) and (γ, p)

The Courant model for direct photonuclear reactions is modified by using the wave functions of a shell model with spin-orbital bond. It is shown that the introduction of spin-orbital interaction does not influence the cross-section. The changes caused by the spin-orbital bond are apparent only on the angular distribution, which has the Courant forma+bsin² , but with a different value ofb/a, i.e. the anisotropy coefficient. New selection lawsj j, j j±1 are found. The introduction of spin-orbital interaction permits the negative value of the anisotropy coefficient, found in some experimental papers, to be explained in a natural way.

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- - (, n) (, )

: - . , . , - , , a+bsin² , , b/a, . . . j j, j j±1. - , .

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Excerpt from diploma work done at Faculty of Technical and Nuclear Physics in Prague.

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In conclusion the author thanks lecturer J. Kvasnica for the choice of subject and valuable remarks.     

Untersuchung der Reaktion Si28 (γ,p) AI27

A silicon semiconductor detector was irradiated with betatron bremsstrahlung of different end point energies and the energy distributions of the protons originating in the detector itself by the reaction Si²⁸(γ,p) Al²⁷ were measured with good statistical accuracy. The end point energies were varied in 1 MeV steps from 15 to 30 MeV. Using the known spectral distribution of theγ-rays the energy dependence of the total cross section of the studied reaction could be derived from the measured proton spectra. The resulting cross section shows a peak at 20, 5 MeV and a half width of 4 MeV. Approximate values for the branching ratios for transitions to excited states of the residual nucleus could also be obtained.     

Spectroscopy of50V with (p,nγ) reaction

Information on the low-lying levels up to ～1.9 MeV excitation of the doubly odd nucleus⁵⁰V has been obtained through the Ge (Li)-Ge (Li) coincidence study with the⁵⁰Ti(p, nγ)⁵⁰V reaction. Branching ratios have been measured and tentative spin-parity assignments have been made. A detailed comparison with other measurements reported recently has also been made. Using the lowest seniority wave functions with (f_7/2) _p ³ (f _7/2) _n ^?1 configuration, energy levels and electromagnetic properties have been calculated. These have been compared with the present and earlier experimental data.     

Reaction rate of 24Mg(p,γ)25Al

The proton-capture reaction on ²⁴Mg has been investigated in the bombarding energy range of E_p=0.2–1.7 MeV. Resonance properties (strengths, branching ratios and lifetimes) of low-energy resonances have been measured. From the experimental results, accurate proton partial widths, γ-ray partial widths and total widths (Γ_p, Γ_γ, and Γ) have been deduced. The present experimental information establishes the ²⁴Mg+p reaction rates over the temperature range T=0.02–2.0 GK with statistical uncertainties of 5% to 21%. Our recommended reaction rates deviate from previous estimates by 18% to 45%. Based on our results, we can rule out the recent suggestion that the total width of the E_R=223 keV resonance has a significant influence on the reaction rates. We also discuss several effects that might give rise to systematic uncertainties in the reaction rates. The astrophysical implications for hydrogen burning of ²⁴Mg at low stellar temperatures are presented.     

Cross sections and rates of the thermonuclear reactions 64Zn(p,γ)65Ga and 66Zn(p,γ)67Ga

The excitation functions for the reactions of radiative proton capture, ⁶⁴Zn(p,γ)⁶⁵Ga and ⁶⁶Zn(p,γ)⁶⁷Ga, which are of interest for stellar nucleosynthesis, have been measured in the range of incidentproton energies from 1 to 2.8 MeV. The astrophysical S factor and reaction rates have been derived from the reaction cross sections. The experimental results are compared with the predictions of the Hauser-Feshbach statistical theory.     

22Na(p,γ)23Mg反应的实验研究

讨论了目前有关22Na(p,γ)23Mg反应的实验研究工作,结合兰州放射性束流线上的放射性束流23Al的β+延发质子衰变实验的测量结果,给出了23Al延发衰变的质子能谱,并比较了近期实验给出的相关能级的自旋、宇称值,正是由于这种自旋、宇称和能级部分宽度的不确定性,导致了反应率计算的不确定性. 计算了同位旋相似态的共振强度. 对于测量到的新的延发衰变能级Ed=8.916MeV,由于没有相应的能级宽度值,实验仅给出其相对共振强度值.     

C~(12)(d,p)C~(13)和Ca~(40)(d,p)Ca~(41)基态反应质子的角分布

本实验测量了C~(12)(d,p)C~(13)及Ca~(40)(d,p)Ca~(41)基态反应质子群的角分布和微分截面。氘核能量为13.3MeV,对C~(12)和Ca~(40)的反应,其测量角度范围分别为3°—167°和10°—164°,每隔2.5°或5°测量一点,其主要结果如下:(1)对于这两群质子,在主削裂峯附近的实验点和用简单Butler理论算得的理论角分布曲线都符合得相当好;理论计算数据对实验数据在主峯处归一;由此而定得的核能级参数与前人所得到的是一致的。(2)大角度区的实验截面数值没有减小到象Butler理论所要求的那样小,并有非常明显的次极大出现,其位置与Butler理论所预言的不一致;这些特点可以用扭曲波理论来解释,非氘核削裂机制也可能有部分贡献。(3)在C~(12)(d,p)C~(13)反应中,前角度区的截面有很大下降,而后角区则有明显的增加,这些现象都和Butler理论不一致;然而,这也可以用扭曲波来解释。(4)用主峯处的截面和Butler理论算得的基态的约化宽度,对C~(12)(d,p)C~(13)和Ca~(40)(d,p)Ca~(41)反应分别为r~2=0.17和0.041;用扭曲波理论计算时,则得到较大的r~2值,后者更接近于单粒子模型所预言的数值,基于上面这些事实,对本实验的数据使用扭曲波理论来进行分析似乎是值得的。     

C~(12)(d,p)C~(13)和Ca~(40)(d,p)Ca~(41)基态反应质子极化的研究

本实验测量了C~(12)(d,p)C~(13)和Ca~(40)(d,p)Ca~(41)两个基态反应质子群在六个角度上的极化值。在C~(12)的反应中,小角区的结果和前人的工作相近,和半经典符号规则j_n=l_n±1/2,P=(±)一致。θ_L=115°的数据是前人没有测量过的,我们得到P=0.529±0.068,在Ca~(40)的反应中,小角区数据的符号也和半经典符号规则一致,和Немeц及Boschitz的实验结果相同,而和Hird,Takeda及Bercaw的实验结果相反,看来这是由于入射能量不一样所致。因为在这些实验中,三个较高入射能量和三个较低入射能量的结果,都分别有一致的符号,把已发表的极化实验数据进行比较,可以看出,半经典符号规则还是有一定的参考价值,或者,可能找出一个修改后的符号规律,以供核能谱学应用。在有些情况下,我们看到,随着氘核能量的增加,极化角分布的图形似乎有向小角区移动的趋势,这可能是直接反应的一个特性。关于截面和极化角分布间的位置对应关系,我们认为,截面角分布的极小,除了可对应于极化的变号以外,还可能对应于极化绝对值的极大,截面角分布的极大也可能对应于极化的变号,对于这些现象,我们用粗糙的扭曲波理论进行了讨论。     

△共振激发对中能区(γ,p)反应的影响

本工作的主要目的是研究中能(γ,p)反应的机制。在微分截面的计算中,同时考虑了直接反应过程及Δ-isobar-空穴态的激发。结果指出,简单的PWIA计算不能符合实验数据,而Δ-h模型却能给出合理的结果,这表明isobar的中间激发在(γ,p)反应中的作用是很明显的。文中还对所得结果做了一些讨论。     

35MeV/u~(40)Ar ~(197)Au中的熵产生

根据量子统计模型 (QSM )的计算分析 ,找到了一个提取核反应过程中熵产生的新的可观测量 .核反应过程中约化d的产额d/ (d t 3 He 4 He)和熵有单调的函数关系 ,并且和体系的碎裂密度 (ρ/ ρ0 )及体系的N/Z都无关 ,可以作为提取核反应过程中熵产生的一个观测量 .和目前已经有的其他方法相比 ,约化d产额这一提取熵方法可以用于较低能量的重离子核反应中 ,并且数据处理分析简单 .对于 35MeV/u4 0 Ar 197Au的核反应过程所提取的熵和利用约化带电粒子多重性提取的熵结果一致 .结合后角类靶热核发射体系实验提取的同位素核温度为 4 7±1 2MeV及S/A =2 5± 0 5 ,根据熵和核温度的关联关系 ,可以确定其Breakup密度接近但小于 0 1(ρ/ ρ0 )     

重离子引起的单质子转移反应~(40)Ar(~(11)B,~(10)Be)~(41)K

测量了50MeV的“B束在~(40)Ar上的弹性散射角分布和单质子转移反应~(40)Ar(~(11)B,~(10)Be)~(41)K的微分截面.用光学模型拟合了弹性散射截面.用包含反冲效应的精确有限程扭曲波玻恩近似(EFR-DWBA)分析了微分截面,提取了谱因子.     

Nuclear structure studies of 125Te with (n,γ), (d,p) and (3He,α) reactions

Levels in ¹²⁵Te were investigated in the range up to 3.3 MeV excitation energy by the (n,γ), (d,p) and (³He,α) reactions. Over 160 levels and about 360 γ-transitions were established, most for the first time. The states below 2.3 MeV with the most complete spectroscopic information were interpreted in terms of the interacting boson-fermion model (IBFM). Unitary treatment of both positive- and negative-parity states is achieved with the same model parameter close to the intermediate case between O(6) and U(5) limits. Excitation energies, electromagnetic transition rates, γ-branchings and spectroscopic factors are discussed in connection with the possible structures. A family of low-spin negative-parity states has been identified and understood by the IBFM proving their antialigned origin.