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《Annals of Pure and Applied Logic》2022,173(8):103135
We further develop a forcing notion known as Coding with Perfect Trees and show that this poset preserves, in a strong sense, definable P-points, definable tight MAD families and definable selective independent families. As a result, we obtain a model in which , each of , , has a witness and there is a well-order of the reals. Note that both the complexity of the witnesses of the above combinatorial cardinal characteristics, as well as the complexity of the well-order are optimal. In addition, we show that the existence of a well-order of the reals is consistent with and each of the following: , , , where the smaller cardinal characteristics have co-analytic witnesses.Our methods allow the preservation of only sufficiently definable witnesses, which significantly differs from other preservation results of this type. 相似文献
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In this paper, we completely determine all necessary and sufficient conditions such that the polynomial , where , is a permutation quadrinomial of over any finite field of odd characteristic. This quadrinomial has been studied first in [25] by Tu, Zeng and Helleseth, later in [24] Tu, Liu and Zeng revisited these quadrinomials and they proposed a more comprehensive characterization of the coefficients that results with new permutation quadrinomials, where and finally, in [16], Li, Qu, Li and Chen proved that the sufficient condition given in [24] is also necessary and thus completed the solution in even characteristic case. In [6] Gupta studied the permutation properties of the polynomial , where and and proposed some new classes of permutation quadrinomials of .In particular, in this paper we classify all permutation polynomials of of the form , where , over all finite fields of odd characteristic and obtain several new classes of such permutation quadrinomials. 相似文献
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We consider four classes of polynomials over the fields , , , , , , , where . We find sufficient conditions on the pairs for which these polynomials permute and we give lower bounds on the number of such pairs. 相似文献
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《Discrete Mathematics》2020,343(12):112127
Let be a positive integer. The Bermond–Thomassen conjecture states that, a digraph of minimum out-degree at least contains vertex-disjoint directed cycles. A digraph is called a local tournament if for every vertex of , both the out-neighbours and the in-neighbours of induce tournaments. Note that tournaments form the subclass of local tournaments. In this paper, we verify that the Bermond–Thomassen conjecture holds for local tournaments. In particular, we prove that every local tournament with contains disjoint cycles , satisfying that either has the length at most 4 or is a shortest cycle of the original digraph of for . 相似文献
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In this paper, we study the long-time behavior of solutions of a reaction–diffusion model in a one-dimensional river network, where the river network has two branches, and the water flow speeds in each branch are the same constant . We show the existence of two critical values and 2 with , and prove that when , the population density in every branch of the river goes to 1 as time goes to infinity; when , then, as time goes to infinity, the population density in every river branch converges to a positive steady state strictly below 1; when , the species will be washed down the stream, and so locally the population density converges to 0. Our result indicates that only if the water-flow speed is suitably small (i.e., ), the species will survive in the long run. 相似文献
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《Indagationes Mathematicae》2022,33(4):801-815
We consider the irreducibility of polynomial where is a negative integer. We observe that the constant term of vanishes if and only if . Therefore we assume that where is a non-negative integer. Let and more general polynomial, let where with are integers such that . Schur was the first to prove the irreducibility of for . It has been proved that is irreducible for . In this paper, by a different method, we prove: Apart from finitely many explicitly given possibilities, either is irreducible or is linear factor times irreducible polynomial. This is a consequence of the estimate whenever has a factor of degree and . This sharpens earlier estimates of Shorey and Tijdeman and Nair and Shorey. 相似文献
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In this paper, we give the dimension and the minimum distance of two subclasses of narrow-sense primitive BCH codes over with designed distance for all , where q is a prime power and is a positive integer. As a consequence, we obtain an affirmative answer to two conjectures proposed by C. Ding in 2015. Furthermore, using the previous part, we extend some results of Yue and Hu [16], and we give the dimension and, in some cases, the Bose distance for a large designed distance in the range for , where if m is odd, and if m is even. 相似文献
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《Discrete Mathematics》2020,343(10):111996
A Gallai coloring of a complete graph is an edge coloring without triangles colored with three different colors. A sequence of positive integers is an -sequence if . An -sequence is a G-sequence if there is a Gallai coloring of with colors such that there are edges of color for all . Gyárfás, Pálvölgyi, Patkós and Wales proved that for any integer there exists an integer such that every -sequence is a G-sequence if and only if . They showed that and .We show that and give almost matching lower and upper bounds for by showing that with suitable constants , for all sufficiently large . 相似文献
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We look for positive solutions for the singular equation where , , is a parameter, and has some summability properties. By using a perturbation method and critical point theory, we obtain two solutions when and the parameter is small. 相似文献