Effects of processing parameters on fatigue properties of LY2 Al alloy subjected to laser shock processing

We address the effects of processing parameters on residual stresses and fatigue properties of LY2 Al alloy by laser shock processing (LSP). Results show that compressive residual stresses are generated near the surface of samples due to LSP. The maximum compressive residual stress at the surface by two LSP impacts on one side is higher than that by one LSP impact. The maximum value of tensile residual stress is found at the mid-plane of samples subjected to two-sided LSP. Compared with fatigue lives of samples treated by single-sided LSP, lives of those treated by two-sided LSP are lower. However, these are higher than untreated ones.     

2024铝合金激光多次冲击诱导残余应力状态分布规律

采用高功率激光器多次冲击2024铝合金,用X射线衍射技术分析了冲击区域的残余应力,研究了冲击残余应力状态分布规律,并用其评价激光冲击强化效果。研究表明,随着冲击次数增加,塑变量及塑性应变梯度逐渐减小,测点是双向压应力状态,而4次冲击时,塑性应变梯度增大,光斑中心是单向压应力状态,其他点是双向压应力状态。当激光功率密度为2.8 GW/cm2时,3次冲击强化效果最佳,材料是二向压应力状态,残余最大主应力及应力强度的均值最大,方差最小,分布基本均匀,塑性应变梯度较小。     

2024铝合金激光多次冲击诱导残余应力状态分布规律

采用高功率激光器多次冲击2024铝合金,用X射线衍射技术分析了冲击区域的残余应力,研究了冲击残余应力状态分布规律,并用其评价激光冲击强化效果。研究表明,随着冲击次数增加,塑变量及塑性应变梯度逐渐减小,测点是双向压应力状态,而4次冲击时,塑性应变梯度增大,光斑中心是单向压应力状态,其他点是双向压应力状态。当激光功率密度为2.8 GW/cm2时,3次冲击强化效果最佳,材料是二向压应力状态,残余最大主应力及应力强度的均值最大,方差最小,分布基本均匀,塑性应变梯度较小。     

Survivability in IP-over-WDM Networks: WDM Lightpath Protection versus IP LSP Protection

This article compares the performance of WDM lightpath protection and IP LSP protection schemes for IP-over-WDM networks. A mathematical formulation of the maximum throughput problem is presented and analytical expressions for recovery time are derived for both schemes. The throughputs and recovery times are analyzed and compared. Results show that the IP LSP protection scheme presents higher throughputs then WDM lightpath protection. The IP LSP protection scheme, providing individual IP LSP protection has, however, scalability problems. This scheme presents high recovery times when a failure affects many lightpaths and many hops are allowed for the primary routes of IP LSPs.     

激光冲击强化对激光增材TC4钛合金组织和抗氧化性的影响

近年来,激光增材制造技术(3D打印)成为科学研究及工业应用领域的热点。为了研究激光冲击强化对增材制造TC4钛合金性能的影响,本文采用能量为5 J,波长为1 064 nm,脉宽为10 ns,光斑直径为3 mm的脉冲激光对3D打印TC4钛合金进行激光冲击强化,分析了激光冲击强化前后材料的显微硬度、显微组织、残余应力以及高温氧化性能。结果表明,经过激光冲击强化后,材料的显微硬度比激光冲击强化前提高了8%,影响层深度达到0.4 mm,强化区域的晶粒得到细化,位错增多,并产生形变孪晶;激光冲击强化的残余压应力数值高达472 MPa,材料的高温抗氧化性能也得到改善。     

Survivability in IP-over-WDM Networks: WDM Lightpath Protection versus IP LSP Protection

Abstract

This article compares the performance of WDM lightpath protection and IP LSP protection schemes for IP-over-WDM networks. A mathematical formulation of the maximum throughput problem is presented and analytical expressions for recovery time are derived for both schemes. The throughputs and recovery times are analyzed and compared. Results show that the IP LSP protection scheme presents higher throughputs then WDM lightpath protection. The IP LSP protection scheme, providing individual IP LSP protection has, however, scalability problems. This scheme presents high recovery times when a failure affects many lightpaths and many hops are allowed for the primary routes of IP LSPs.     

Impact of Number of Add/Drop Ports of OXCs on LSP Blocking Performance

This paper describes the connection establishment of label switched paths (LSP) in IP/MPLS over optical networks. Our investigations on two typical network topologies show that the number of add/drop ports of OXCs has a significant impact on the LSP blocking performance.     

强激光冲击铝合金改性处理研究

利用新型聚偏1.1-二氟乙烯（PVDF）压电传感器,实现了对激光引发的冲击波压力的实时测量,得到激光引发的冲击波峰压在铝中成指数型的衰减规律;观测了不同约束层材料在铝靶表面产生的激光冲击波,研究了不同约束层对冲击效果的影响;最后用激光冲击强化装置对7050-T7451航空铝合金结构材料进行了冲击强化处理,对试件激光冲击区存在的残余压应力及位错密度进行了测量。结果显示经激光冲击处理的试件表面具有极高的残余压应力,可达-200MPa以上。激光冲击处理后铝合金的位错密度得到显著的提高,疲劳寿命提高到175％～428％。这些重要结果对激光冲击改性处理技术的实际应用具有指导性作用。     

Laser shock processing: a review of the physics and applications

Developed since the beginning of the 1970s in the United States (Battelle, Columbus), laser shock processing (LSP) is being extensively studied in France in order to improve the mechanical properties of metallic surfaces of dense or porous materials. This paper reviews the considerable data on LSP which has been obtained in recent years and provides an exhaustive account of current trends concerning the physics, the mechanics and the applications involved. After presenting some general and specific data regarding the physical principles of laser shock (laser system, plasma physics, pressure generation, physical limits) and mechanical effects induced (experimental and theoretical) on different materials, the efficiency of the process is illustrated through two potential industrial applications linked with modifications of surface states: fatigue and wear resistance of metals. Experience with LSP applications shows that, because it uses safe surface geometries and provides greater affected depths, LSP is about to emerge as a real alternative to classical treatments.     

MPLS网络的一种M∶N方式保护与恢复方案

提出了一种MPLS网络的M∶N型的保护恢复方案。针对故障链路产生的数据丢失问题提出了一种保护方案,可对优先级最高的路径进行数据保护。同时,研究了恢复时间的问题,分析了其理论算法,并在一定的网络拓扑结构中进行了仿真。经仿真验证,很好的支持了QoS,在发生故障时,最高优先级的LSP可进行快速重路由,并且对故障链路上的数据进行了恢复。结果表明,在带宽较宽的情况下,这种方案在恢复时间和节点所需缓存空间大小方面完全可以满足要求。     

Parameter Optimizing Experiment for Laser Shock-procesing on Anti-fatigue and-Fracture Property of Metal

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Parallel signaling-based fast restoration scheme in distributed optical networks

The fast parallel restoration （FPR） scheme is proposed to achieve the fast setup of restoration label switched path （LSP） in the distributed optical networks. The scheme is derived by dividing the whole restoration LSP into several segments of sub-LSP and triggering each sub-LSP along the new route to finish the signaling procedure concurrently, and subsequently merging all sub-LSPs into a whole LSP. The theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the FPR scheme outperforms the other two typical restoration schemes in terms of connection setup time.     

激光冲击诱导弹簧钢丝残余应力状态分析

利用高功率Nd:YAG激光对不同工艺处理的SWOSC-V弹簧钢丝进行单点冲击处理,用X射线应力分析仪测量弹簧内外侧、侧表面的残余应力并计算出残余主应力,建立了激光冲击SWOSC-V弹簧钢丝表面残余应力的产生模型,并利用该模型分析了弹簧钢丝表面残余应力产生的原因。结果表明:弹簧钢丝在经激光冲击处理的表面强化区产生残余压应力,钢丝退火后直接激光冲击处理与经喷丸强化的钢丝激光冲击处理的表面残余应力变化不同,喷丸强化所引起的材料硬化是激光冲击处理弹簧钢丝残余应力变化不同的原因。     

激光冲击诱导弹簧钢丝残余应力状态分析

利用高功率Nd：YAG激光对不同工艺处理的SWOSC-V弹簧钢丝进行单点冲击处理,用X射线应力分析仪测量弹簧内外侧、侧表面的残余应力并计算出残余主应力,建立了激光冲击SWOSC-V弹簧钢丝表面残余应力的产生模型,并利用该模型分析了弹簧钢丝表面残余应力产生的原因。结果表明:弹簧钢丝在经激光冲击处理的表面强化区产生残余压应力,钢丝退火后直接激光冲击处理与经喷丸强化的钢丝激光冲击处理的表面残余应力变化不同,喷丸强化所引起的材料硬化是激光冲击处理弹簧钢丝残余应力变化不同的原因。     

Determination of volume, shape and refractive index of individual blood platelets

Light scattering patterns (LSP) of blood platelets were theoretically and experimentally analyzed. We used spicular spheroids as a model for the platelets with pseudopodia. The discrete dipole approximation was employed to simulate light scattering from an individual spicular spheroid constructed from a homogeneous oblate spheroid and 14 rectilinear parallelepipeds rising from the cell centre. These parallelepipeds have a weak effect on the LSP over the measured angular range. Therefore, a homogeneous oblate spheroid was taken as a simplified optical model for platelets. Using the T-matrix method, we computed the LSP over a range of volumes, aspect ratios and refractive indices. Measured LSPs of individual platelets were compared one by one with the theoretical set and the best fit was taken to characterize the measured platelets, resulting in distributions of volume, aspect ratio and refractive index.     

Search for SUSY at LHC in jets + E T miss final states for the case of nonuniversal gaugino masses

We investigate squark and gluino pair production at LHC (CMS) with subsequent decays into quarks and an LSP for the case of nonuniversal gaugino masses. Visibility of a signal by an excess over the SM background in (n≥2)jets+E _T ^miss events depends rather strongly on the relation between the LSP, gluino, and squark masses and decreases with increasing LSP mass. For a relatively heavy LSP mass close to the squark or the gluino mass and for $m_{\tilde q} ,m_{\tilde g} \geqslant 1.5$ TeV, the sygnal is overly small to be observable.     

激光冲击波对5B05铝合金表面应力状态的调整

采用X射线衍射仪分别对光斑中心及其边界点冲击前后3个方向上的残余应力进行测量。根据主应力及其方向角的计算公式,计算出了各测试点冲击前后的主应力值和主应力方向角,分析了其分布特性。结果表明,激光冲击波不仅能调整5B05铝合金表面残余主应力值,还能调整其方向。最大主应力增幅最大点与最小主应力增幅最大点并不在同一点上。5B05铝合金经激光冲击波作用后,表面应力状态得到了改善,应力分布变得分散,应力域变大。     

激光冲击波对5B05铝合金表面应力状态的调整

采用X射线衍射仪分别对光斑中心及其边界点冲击前后3个方向上的残余应力进行测量。根据主应力及其方向角的计算公式,计算出了各测试点冲击前后的主应力值和主应力方向角,分析了其分布特性。结果表明,激光冲击波不仅能调整5B05铝合金表面残余主应力值,还能调整其方向。最大主应力增幅最大点与最小主应力增幅最大点并不在同一点上。5B05铝合金经激光冲击波作用后,表面应力状态得到了改善,应力分布变得分散,应力域变大。     

Electric Field Enhancement of Nano Gap of Silver Prisms

Using numerical calculation, we examine the effects of gap distance of a pair of nano gap silver prisms with rounded corners on the local light intensity enhancement. Two peaks due to localized surface plasmon （LSP） excitation are observed in a wavelength range from 900nm to 300nm. The results demonstrate that peaks at a longer and a shorter wavelength corresponded to dipole-like and quadrupole-like LSP resonances, respectively. It is found that a gap distance up to 20 nm provides larger light intensity enhancement than that of a single silver nano prism with rounded corners. Furthermore, nano gap silver prisms are fabricated by direct focused ion beam processing, and we measure the scattering light spectrum of a pair of nano prisms by a confocal optical system. However, the two LSP peaks are not observed in visible range because the sizes of the nano gap and prisms are too large.     

包含液相扩散方程简化的锂离子电池电化学模型

锂离子电池的电化学模型对于电池特性分析和电池管理具有重要意义,但是准二维(P2D)模型复杂度太高,为了在保证模型精度的基础上尽量降低复杂度,本文提出了一种包含液相简化的P2D (LSP2D)模型,该模型首先基于电化学平均动力学将电池端电压化简成为仅耦合固相Li+浓度c_s和液相Li+浓度c_e的方程,然后进一步对表达c_s和c_e演化规律的偏微分方程进行抛物线近似化简,使得最终的模型由多项式组成.COMSOL仿真表明在放电倍率为1C时该模型与单粒子(SP)模型的估算精度和速度相当,但在放电倍率为3C时,该模型的估算时间比P2D模型减少了99.73%,与SP模型相当,估算精度相比SP模型有大幅度提升.