Surface—Enhanced Raman Scattering of Humic Substances Adsorbed on Silver Sols

Surface - enhanced resonance Raman scattering of humic and fulvic acids from various sources adsorbed on silver sols were investigated. Only in acidic conditions, the strong SERRS spectra of humic substances were observed and these results revealed the disordered graphite structures of almost all the samples. The detection limits were 5 – 80 ug/L. Thus SERRS appears very promising in analysis and detection of humic substances in complex systems as well as real environment.     

A Sensitive “Optical Nose” for Detection of Volatile Organic Molecules Based on Au@MOFs Nanoparticle Arrays through Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is an effective technique for detecting toxic gas and volatile organic molecules (VOMs); however, recent SERS-based gas sensors have disadvantages and lack an effective approach to capture toxic gas and insufficient reproducibility of SERS substrates. Herein, a facile strategy is developed to integrate metal-organic frameworks with Au nanoparticle (NP) arrays to form Au@ZIF-8 NP arrays, which can be used as an “optical nose” based on SERS to detect toxic VOMs with good reproducibility and sensitivity. Toluene as a target molecule is recognized at ppm levels by the Au@ZIF-8 NP arrays in situ. And the analytical enhancement factor of Au@ZIF-8 NP arrays for toluene is about 1.2 × 10⁵. Importantly, this SERS substrate can also detect the 1-butanol molecule, which provides an idea for designing a universal VOM sensor. In addition, the coating method of the ZIF-8 shell can be extended to synthetize various NPs@ZIF-8 core–shell composites, such as Au nanospheres@ZIF-8, Au@Ag nanorods@ZIF-8, PS microspheres@ZIF-8, and Fe₂O₃ microellipsoids@ZIF-8 composites.     

Stimulated Raman Scattering in Bi-temperature Vlasov Plasma

We obtain the nonlinear coupling equations for describing stimulating Raman scattering (SRS) of ultra-intense laser beam starting from the relativistic Vlasov-Maxwell equations. It is found that the relativistic electrons play an important role in the inhibition of the SRS instability and the growth rate of backward SRS strongly decreases with the increasing number of relativistic electrons.     

Picosecond Stimulated Raman Scattering of SrWO4 Crystal

Stimulated Raman scattering （SRS） of picosecond pulses is investigated in a new crystal SrWO4. The second harmonic generation of a mode-locked Nd：YAG laser system is used as the pump source. In an external singlepass configuration, the SRS thresholds for the first to the fourth Stokes lines are measured. For the first Stokes line, the steady-state gain coefficient of the SrWO4 crystal is calculated to be 15.96cm//GW. In our experiment, as many as five Stokes lines （559.23 nm, 589.61 nm, 623.49 nm, 661.50 nm, 704.44 nm） and three anti-Stokes lines （506.97nm, 484.34 nm, 463.65nm） are observed, and the total conversion efficiency is as high as 62%.     

Raman Scattering of Synthetic Polymers‐A Review

Abstract

Four years after Raman discovered the Raman effect, the first spectrum of a high polymer, i.e., polystyrene, was observed by Signer and Weiler 111, so the field of Raman spectroscopy of polymers is not a new field. However, it was not until twenty years later that the second Raman spectrum of a polymer, that of poly(methy1 methacrylate), was observed [2]. The reasons for this lack of activity rest on the fact that the sample had to be clear, transparent, and nonfluorescing to obtain a Raman spectrum. Most polymers do not fall in any of these categories. Workers like Nielsen [3,4] (PE and PTFE), Tobin [5,6] (PE, PP, PTFE), Brown [7] (PE), and Tadokoro [8,9] (POM, PEG) obtained spectra with Toronto arc spectrometers out only after an enormous amount of diligent effort. However, these workers were successful in drawing attention to the potential of Raman spectroscopy as a tool for the characterization of polymers. Nielsen's review [lo] presented substantial motivation for work in this area, but the experimental difficulties tended to discourage everyone. With the advent of laser excitation and the high quality of the first reported [ll] laser Raman spectrum of a polymer, a revival of work and interest in this field ensued and many workers are now active in the field, as reflected by the increasing number of papers in Raman spectroscopy of polymers. One review of laserexcited Raman spectroscopy of polymers has already beenwritten [12].     

4.2 GeV α-^12C Elastic Scattering Based on α-Particle Model

Based on the α-particle model of ^12C nucleus, the differential cross sections for α-^12C elastic scattering at incident energy of 4.2 GeV have been calculated within the framework of Glauber multiple scattering theory. The results show that the main features of the measured angular distribution of the cross sections can be reasonably described. The parameterized α-α scattering amplitude, which is the basic input to construct the α-^12 C scattering Glauber amplitude in the a-particle model, is obtained by fitting the α-α scattering data.     

Optimal Bandwidth for Distributed Multi-Pump Raman Amplifier Based on Hybrid Genetic Algorithm

Based on a hybrid genetic algorithm, the bandwidth for distributed multi-pump Raman amplifier (DMRA) is optimized. Optimal results show that signal bandwidth △γ can be evidently broadened by means of increasing the number of pumps, △γ decreases with the increase of Raman gain and with the improvement of flatness property, and the hybrid erbium-doped fibre amplifier and DMRA can availably overcome the weakness of pure DMRA.     

High-Pressure Phase Transition in CTAB-Micellar Solutions： A Raman Spectroscopic Study

We use a diamond anvil cell for the first time to investigate the Raman spectra of an aqueous micellar solution of hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide （CTAB） at pressures up to 3.85 GPa. The pressure-induced phase transition between the micellar and coagel phases is found to occur at 0.64 GPa and 60℃. This phase transition has a pressure hysteresis, and thus exhibits the first-order phase transition properties. Further experimental results show that although the structure of the coagel phase is similar to that of the CTAB crystal, the interchain distance is slightly larger in the coagel phase than that in the CTAB crystal.     

Research on Stimulated Raman Scattering Spectrum for Cavity Targets at the Shenguang-Ⅱ Laser Facility

The stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) experiments with half-cavity targets have been carried out at the Shenguang-lI laser facility. The imitative optic multiple-channel analyser (OMA) spectrograph is used to obtain the SRS experimental spectrum. We have developed a two-dimensional laser plasma interaction (LPI2D)code. The SRS spectrum for half-cavity targets is analysed theoretically and simulated numerically using the LPI2D code. These simulations quantitatively reproduce the experimental results firstly.     

Fire Smoke Particle Size Measurement Based on the Multiwavelength and Multiangle Light Scattering Method

A multiwavelength and multiangle mathematical model （MWMA） is developed, and the corresponding influence factors of the model are analysed by the numerical calculation, Combined with measurement data of radiation flux and the curve in theoretical calculation, particle sizes of different materials can be obtained, it is found that smoke particle size gradually decreases from land plaster, cotton wick, beech wood, polyurethane, sandalwood, decahydronaphthalene, to N-heptane,     

High Power One- and Two-Order Cascaded Raman Lasers Based on Home-Made Phosphosilicate Fibre

One- and two-order cascaded Raman fibre lasers are demonstrated by using home-made P-doped Raman fibres.An output power of 2.8 W at 1245 nm with a slope efficiency of 33.4% and an output power of 2.0 W at 1495 nm with a slope efficiency of 23.5% are obtained with the pump source at 1069. 7nm.     

Eye-Safe Raman Laser at μm Based on BaWO4 Crystal

Using an external couple cavity and a pump beam compression system, efficient 1.5 μm eye-safe Raman laser is obtained based on BaWO4 crystal. The largest output energy is 8.5mJ, corresponding to an electric-optical conversion efficiency of 47%.     

Sensing of Zn2+ion by N-Furfurylsalicylaldimine Based on CHEF Process†

The recognition ability of N-Furfurylsalicylaldimine (HL) toward various cations (Pb²⁺, Hg²⁺, Ba²⁺, Cd²⁺, Ag⁺, Zn²⁺, Cu²⁺, Ni²⁺, Co²⁺, K⁺, Sr²⁺, and Na⁺) has been studied by UV–Vis and fluorescence spectroscopy. The compound showed highly selective fluorescence signaling behaviour for Zn²⁺ ions in methanol-water medium based on CHEF process and is capable of distinguishing Zn²⁺ from Cd²⁺ ion. From single crystal X-ray analysis it is revealed that a Zn²⁺ ion binds two ligand molecules through imine nitrogen and phenolate oxygen atom.

Time—dependent Theory of Raman Scattering with Pulses—Application to Continuum Raman Spectroscopy

A theory of real-time dependence of Raman scattering for a pulse-mode laser is developed within second-order perturbation theory and using the wavepacket terminology.We apply the theory to continuum Raman scattering for short and long pulses and varying pulse carrier frequency,For an initial ground virational state,it is shown that the rate of Raman emission as a funcition of time and pulse carrier frequency is structureless for all pulses,and for pulses that are longer than the dissociation time the rate also decays with the pulses.This is contrary to recently reported resonance fluorescence type structures at long times (M.Shapiro,J.Chem.Phys.99,2453(1993),We explain why such structures are unphysical for continuum Raman scattering.     

Raman Scattering Detection of Stacking Faults in Free-Standing Cubic-SiC Epilayer

We report on stacking fault （SF） detection in free-standing cubic-SiC epilayer by the Raman measurements. The epilayer with enhanced SFs is heteroepitaxially grown by low pressure chemical vapour deposition on a Si（100） substrate and is released in KOH solution by micromechanical manufacture, on which the Raman measurements are performed in a back scattering geometry. The TO line of the Raman spectra is considerably broadened and distorted. We discuss the influence of SFs on the intensity profiles of TO mode by comparing our experimental data with the simulated results based on the Raman bond polarizability （BP） model in the framework of linearchain concept. Cood agreement with respect to the linewidth and disorder-induced peak shift is found by assuming the mean distance of the SFs to be 11 A in the BP model.     

Theory of Raman Scattering in Intense Short Pulse Laser Plasmas

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Optimal Design of a Distributed Optical Fiber Temperature Sensor system Based on Raman Back-scattering

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A Study of Intermediate Energy Proton-^16O Elastic Scattering Based on the α-Particle Model

In the framework of KMT multiple scattering theory, an optical potential for the intermediate energy proton-160 elastic scattering is presented based on the α particle model of 160. The differential cross sections, the analyzing powers, and the total cross sections of the intermediate energy proton-160 scattering have been calculated by using the obtained optical potential. The main features of the measured angular distributions of the cross section and the analyzing power can be well described. The calculated total cross sections are in good agreement with the experimental data at energies below 0.7 GeV and underestimate the data about 8% at higher energies.