Fetal and Fetal Brain Volume Estimation in the Third Trimester of Human Pregnancy Using Gradient Echo MR Imaging

The Cavalieri method has been applied in combination with gradient echo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to investigate the increase in the volume of the fetus and fetal brain in the third trimester of pregnancy. Eighteen women with singleton pregnancies were recruited. Birthweights for the fetuses all lay within the 10–90^th centile based on Liverpool data. A regression analysis, weighted using values derived from the coefficient of error predicted for each volume estimate, revealed a linear relationship between total fetal volume and gestational age (R² = 0.88) and between fetal brain volume and gestational age (R² = 0.71) during the third trimester. Fetal volume increased by an average of 25.2 ml per day and fetal brain volume increased by an average of 2.3 mL per day. Fetal brain volume is on average a constant proportion (10%, SD = 2%) of total fetal volume throughout the third trimester.Volume data were also obtained for eight fetuses diagnosed as abnormal. The volume of seven of the eight abnormal fetuses fell outside the 95% confidence interval established from the data obtained for the normal fetuses. However, for only three of the eight abnormal fetuses did brain volume fall outside the 95% confidence interval established for normals, possibly due to brain sparing occurring in asymmetrical growth retardation. The volume of the fetus and fetal brain may be readily estimated directly using the Cavalieri method and magnetic resonance imaging. These parameters represent potentially useful information for assessing fetal growth.     

Clifford Wavelet Entropy for Fetal ECG Extraction

Analysis of the fetal heart rate during pregnancy is essential for monitoring the proper development of the fetus. Current fetal heart monitoring techniques lack the accuracy in fetal heart rate monitoring and features acquisition, resulting in diagnostic medical issues. The challenge lies in the extraction of the fetal ECG from the mother ECG during pregnancy. This approach has the advantage of being a reliable and non-invasive technique. In the present paper, a wavelet/multiwavelet method is proposed to perfectly extract the fetal ECG parameters from the abdominal mother ECG. In a first step, due to the wavelet/mutiwavelet processing, a denoising procedure is applied to separate the noised parts from the denoised ones. The denoised signal is assumed to be a mixture of both the MECG and the FECG. One of the well-known measures of accuracy in information processing is the concept of entropy. In the present work, a wavelet/multiwavelet Shannon-type entropy is constructed and applied to evaluate the order/disorder of the extracted FECG signal. The experimental results apply to a recent class of Clifford wavelets constructed in Arfaoui, et al. J. Math. Imaging Vis. 2020, 62, 73–97, and Arfaoui, et al. Acta Appl. Math. 2020, 170, 1–35. Additionally, classical Haar–Faber–Schauder wavelets are applied for the purpose of comparison. Two main well-known databases have been applied, the DAISY database and the CinC Challenge 2013 database. The achieved accuracy over the test databases resulted in Se = 100%, PPV = 100% for FECG extraction and peak detection.     

臭氧对胎牛血清氧化损伤的表面增强拉曼光谱

对实验室细胞培养用的国产胎牛血清在臭氧作用前后进行了表面增强拉曼光谱测试,范围200～1 800 cm-1.发现臭氧作用1 h后拉曼谱线强度大大减弱,作用3 h后谱线强度进一步减弱,但减弱的程度明显减慢,说明臭氧氧化作用具有快速的特点.臭氧作用下蛋白质主链的有序构象(α-螺旋,β折叠)明显减少,对β折叠的损伤更为严重,β回折几乎消失.芳香族氨基酸和半胱氨酸侧链在臭氧作用下氧化损伤非常明显.这些特征谱线的变化,反映了臭氧的氧化作用使蛋白质变性,构象变化以及降解.     

Machine Learning Algorithm to Predict Acidemia Using Electronic Fetal Monitoring Recording Parameters

Background: Electronic fetal monitoring (EFM) is the universal method for the surveillance of fetal well-being in intrapartum. Our objective was to predict acidemia from fetal heart signal features using machine learning algorithms. Methods: A case–control 1:2 study was carried out compromising 378 infants, born in the Miguel Servet University Hospital, Spain. Neonatal acidemia was defined as pH < 7.10. Using EFM recording logistic regression, random forest and neural networks models were built to predict acidemia. Validation of models was performed by means of discrimination, calibration, and clinical utility. Results: Best performance was attained using a random forest model built with 100 trees. The discrimination ability was good, with an area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.865. The calibration showed a slight overestimation of acidemia occurrence for probabilities above 0.4. The clinical utility showed that for 33% cutoff point, missing 5% of acidotic cases, 46% of unnecessary cesarean sections could be prevented. Logistic regression and neural networks showed similar discrimination ability but with worse calibration and clinical utility. Conclusions: The combination of the variables extracted from EFM recording provided a predictive model of acidemia that showed good accuracy and provides a practical tool to prevent unnecessary cesarean sections.     

单个大鼠胎肝干细胞的激光光镊喇曼光谱

激光光镊喇曼光谱系统是将激光光镊与喇曼光谱相结合的一项光学技术,可以在接近自然的生理状态下研究单个生物细胞的识别及其构成成分的检测.本文采用胶原酶消化法,分离10~21天不同孕期大鼠的胎肝干细胞和成体大鼠的肝实质细胞,应用激光光镊喇曼光谱技术检测分离到单个胎肝干细胞和肝实质细胞,以及WB-F344大鼠肝干细胞系细胞,并比较了胎肝干细胞和肝实质细胞的喇曼光谱.结果发现,13天以前孕大鼠胎肝干细胞在1 336cm-1(代表多聚核苷酸链(嘌呤))和1 446cm-1(代表蛋白的弯曲模型)处的峰依次增高,13天孕大鼠胎肝干细胞在1 336cm-1和1 446cm-1处的平均峰值最高,14天以后逐渐降低.结果表明激光光镊喇曼光谱系统可以鉴别不同孕期的胎肝细胞和成体肝实质细胞,分析胎肝干细胞的分化机理,为临床应用肝干细胞治疗奠立基础.     

ICP-AES法测定胎儿小脑组织中生物必需常量元素K、Na、Mg、P的研究

研究了用微波消解处理样品，ICP－AES法直接测定胎儿小脑组织中生物必需常量元素K、Na、Mg、P的新方法，该方法简便，快速，准确，准确，对实际样品测定，结果令人满意。     

Fetal development of mice following intrauterine exposure to a static magnetic field of 6.3 T.

The study was undertaken to investigate possible teratogenic effects of a high magnetic field on fetal development in mice. Eighty-four pregnant CD-1 mice (ICR) were exposed to a static magnetic field of 6.3 T for 1 hr a day from day 7 through day 14 of gestation, a period corresponding to major organogenesis. Fifty mice served as controls. Dams were sacrificed on day 18 of gestation. Fetuses were examined for both external and skeletal abnormalities. No significant differences between exposed and control groups were observed regarding litter size, fetal weight, intrauterine mortality rate, or external and skeletal anomalies. The effects of static magnetic field of 6.3 T on the parameters studied appear negligible.     

Effective Approaches to Fetal Brain Segmentation in MRI and Gestational Age Estimation by Utilizing a Multiview Deep Inception Residual Network and Radiomics

To completely comprehend neurodevelopment in healthy and congenitally abnormal fetuses, quantitative analysis of the human fetal brain is essential. This analysis requires the use of automatic multi-tissue fetal brain segmentation techniques. This paper proposes an end-to-end automatic yet effective method for a multi-tissue fetal brain segmentation model called IRMMNET. It includes a inception residual encoder block (EB) and a dense spatial attention (DSAM) block, which facilitate the extraction of multi-scale fetal-brain-tissue-relevant information from multi-view MRI images, enhance the feature reuse, and substantially reduce the number of parameters of the segmentation model. Additionally, we propose three methods for predicting gestational age (GA)—GA prediction by using a 3D autoencoder, GA prediction using radiomics features, and GA prediction using the IRMMNET segmentation model’s encoder. Our experiments were performed on a dataset of 80 pathological and non-pathological magnetic resonance fetal brain volume reconstructions across a range of gestational ages (20 to 33 weeks) that were manually segmented into seven different tissue categories. The results showed that the proposed fetal brain segmentation model achieved a Dice score of 0.791±0.18, outperforming the state-of-the-art methods. The radiomics-based GA prediction methods achieved the best results (RMSE: 1.42). We also demonstrated the generalization capabilities of the proposed methods for tasks such as head and neck tumor segmentation and the prediction of patients’ survival days.     

多辊轧机冷轧技术在靶材料制备中的应用

 叙述了多辊轧机轧制金属薄膜原理,以Ti膜制备为例,借助多辊轧机冷轧技术进行1.5 μm厚钛薄带的制备工艺研究。对薄膜的特性测试结果表明：工作辊的表面粗糙度对于轧制薄膜的表面粗糙度的影响很大,降低工作辊表面的粗糙度可以得到粗糙度为25.2 nm的金属薄膜。     

叠片法测量“闪光二号”加速器的高功率离子束能谱

给出了利用叠片法测量“闪光二号”加速器高功率离子束能谱的基本原理及初步实验结果. 采用Ziegler的拟合公式编制程序计算了不同能量质子和碳离子穿过不同厚度Mylar膜后的能 量损失情况.在偏压法拉第筒阵列各个法拉第筒的准直孔前分别覆盖0—6μm厚的Mylar膜， 根据不同膜厚对应的信号衰减情况(叠片法)，得到了高功率离子束的离子能谱，离子的最高 能量>440keV，平均能量约为270keV，能量为200—300keV之间的离子数目最多，碳离子数和 90keV以下的质子所占总离子数的组分不多于32％.所测量离子能谱和离子数目随时间的分布 关系与二极管的电压和电流符合也较好.还将叠片法的测量结果与利用磁谱仪和采用飞行时 间法等的测量结果进行了比较，三种方法所得的测量结果基本一致. 关键词： 高功率离子束 离子能谱 法拉第筒 叠片法 能量损失     

Dynamical scaling of the structure factor of some non-Euclidean systems

Predictions of nonlinear theories on dynamics of new phase formation have been examined for the hydration of calcium silicates with light water and heavy water. In the case of hydration with light water, reasonable agreement has been observed with dynamical scaling hypothesis with a new measure of the characteristic length. The characteristic length does not follow a power law relation with time. Hydrating mass is found to be mass fractal throughout hydration, with mass fractal dimension increasing with time. But, in the case of hydration with heavy water, no agreement has been observed with the scaling hypothesis. Hydrating mass undergoes transition from mass fractal to surface fractal and finally again to mass fractal. The qualitative features of the kinetics of hydration, as measured in small-angle scattering experiments, are strikingly different for hydration with light water and heavy water.     

星载高分辨率超光谱成像仪分光方式的选择

从多个方面分析了棱镜和光栅色散分光的优缺点,分析结果表明棱镜更适于星载高分辨率超光谱成像仪的分光。在透过率方面,棱镜光谱仪透过率高达95.24％(VNIR),而光栅的衍射效率仅为60%~70%。在杂散光方面,棱镜光谱仪的杂散光可达10－4,而光栅的杂散光为10－2。在0.4 －2.5 范围,棱镜光谱仪相对光栅光谱仪有优越性。在色散线性方面,光栅光谱仪基本线性,棱镜光谱仪的短波非线性问题可通过复合棱镜进行补偿。可靠性方面,棱镜光谱仪较光栅光谱仪有优势;在光谱带宽和成本方面,棱镜光谱仪与光栅光谱仪基本接近。     

Rosochatius Deformed Soliton Hierarchy with Self-Consistent Sources

Integrable Rosochatius deformations of finite-dimensional integrable systems are generalized to the soliton hierarchy with self-consistent sources. The integrable Rosochatius deformations of the Kaup-Newell hierarchy with self-consistent sources, of the TD hierarchy with self-consistent sources, and of the Jaulent-Miodek hierarchy with self-consistent sources, together with their Lax representations are presented.     

带有增益的单微环谐振器的光速控制行为

带有损耗的光波导微环谐振器在实现光速控制时存在输出脉冲能量损耗大、脉冲形状畸变严重等问题。基于带有增益和带有损耗的微环谐振器的传输特性之间的对称性,计算分析了单微环谐振器的透射率、群折射率和群速度色散等特性,分析了增益和损耗对微环谐振器输出特性影响的机制。计算了带有增益的微环谐振器的光速控制行为,并与带有损耗的微环谐振器进行对比。结果显示,带有增益的微环谐振器输出脉冲不分裂且有较大的输出强度。脉冲延迟量和超前量比损耗系统大,可用于光速控制,克服了微环带有损耗时产生的光强损耗和脉冲畸变。     

多辊轧机冷轧技术在靶材料制备中的应用

叙述了多辊轧机轧制金属薄膜原理,以Ti膜制备为例,借助多辊轧机冷轧技术进行1.5 μm厚钛薄带的制备工艺研究。对薄膜的特性测试结果表明：工作辊的表面粗糙度对于轧制薄膜的表面粗糙度的影响很大,降低工作辊表面的粗糙度可以得到粗糙度为25.2 nm的金属薄膜。     

采用铜铝复合管的翅片管换热器性能试验研究

针对铜铝复合管(ACC管)在空调用翅片管换热器中替代铜管应用进行了试验研究。分别对Ф7.94mm型管的全铜管、过冷段铜铝复合管、全铜铝复合管三种换热器进行了性能比较和成本分析。研究结果表明,在风速和风量不变的情况下,过冷段铜铝复合管换热器能力为8634.22W,高于全铜铝复合管的换热器的8389.36W,低于全铜管换热器的8989.07W。制冷剂侧能力测试中,过冷段铜铝复合管换热器平均值为8.885kW,与全铜铝复合管换热器平均值8.775kW相比高1.24%,与全铜管换热器平均值9.101kW相比低2.37%,与能力测试结果基本一致。与原换热器铜管相比,在相同条件下,铜铝复合管可以降低管材成本29.5%。综上所述,过冷段采用铜铝复合管的换热器能够取代铜管换热器应用在空调中,在不影响其换热性能的基础上,降低成本效果明显。     

Evolution of star clusters with a mass distribution of binaries

Summary The dynamical evolution of star clusters with a initial population of binaries strongly depends on the parameters of the bounded pairs. We performed computational simulation with directN-body codes, on models withN=300 objects, with initial fraction of 20% of binaries with the same orbital semi-axis and with a Salpeter mass spectrum. The results are compared with previous analysis on similar equal-mass star models. The calculation points out that binaries with different mass companions determine an enhanced and sudden expansion of the system with neither core collapse nor central mass segregation. Paper presented at the 2° Convegno Nazionale di Fisica Cosmica, held at L'Aquila, 29 May – 2 June 1984.