On the Heegaard Floer homology of a surface times a circle

We make a detailed study of the Heegaard Floer homology of the product of a closed surface Σg of genus g with S¹. We determine HF⁺(Σg×S¹,s;C) completely in the case c₁(s)=0, which for g?3 was previously unknown. We show that in this case HF^∞ is closely related to the cohomology of the total space of a certain circle bundle over the Jacobian torus of Σg, and furthermore that HF⁺(Σg×S¹,s;Z) contains nontrivial 2-torsion whenever g?3 and c₁(s)=0. This is the first example known to the authors of torsion in Z-coefficient Heegaard Floer homology. Our methods also give new information on the action of H₁(Σg×S¹) on HF⁺(Σg×S¹,s) when c₁(s) is nonzero.     

Knots with unknotting number one and Heegaard Floer homology

We use Heegaard Floer homology to give obstructions to unknotting a knot with a single crossing change. These restrictions are particularly useful in the case where the knot in question is alternating. As an example, we use them to classify all knots with crossing number less than or equal to nine and unknotting number equal to one. We also classify alternating knots with 10 crossings and unknotting number equal to one.     

Heegaard Floer correction terms and rational genus bounds

Given an element in the first homology of a rational homology 3-sphere Y, one can consider the minimal rational genus of all knots in this homology class. This defines a function Θ   on _H1(Y;Z)$H_1(Y;\mathbb{Z})$, which was introduced by Turaev as an analogue of Thurston norm. We will give a lower bound for this function using the correction terms in Heegaard Floer homology. As a corollary, we show that Floer simple knots in L-spaces are genus minimizers in their homology classes, hence answer questions of Turaev and Rasmussen about genus minimizers in lens spaces.     

An Ozsváth–Szabó Floer homology invariant of knots in a contact manifold

Using the knot Floer homology filtration, we define invariants associated to a knot in a three-manifold possessing non-vanishing Floer co(homology) classes. In the case of the Ozsváth–Szabó contact invariant we obtain an invariant of knots in a contact three-manifold. This invariant provides an upper bound for the Thurston–Bennequin plus rotation number of any Legendrian realization of the knot. We use it to demonstrate the first systematic construction of prime knots in contact manifolds other than S³ with negative maximal Thurston–Bennequin invariant. Perhaps more interesting, our invariant provides a criterion for an open book to induce a tight contact structure. A corollary is that if a manifold possesses contact structures with distinct non-vanishing Ozsváth–Szabó invariants, then any fibered knot can realize the classical Eliashberg–Bennequin bound in at most one of these contact structures.     

On knot Floer homology and lens space surgeries

In an earlier paper, we used the absolute grading on Heegaard Floer homology HF⁺ to give restrictions on knots in S³ which admit lens space surgeries. The aim of the present article is to exhibit stronger restrictions on such knots, arising from knot Floer homology. One consequence is that the non-zero coefficients of the Alexander polynomial of such a knot are ±1. This information can in turn be used to prove that certain lens spaces are not obtained as integral surgeries on knots. In fact, combining our results with constructions of Berge, we classify lens spaces L(p,q) which arise as integral surgeries on knots in S³ with |p|?1500. Other applications include bounds on the four-ball genera of knots admitting lens space surgeries (which are sharp for Berge's knots), and a constraint on three-manifolds obtained as integer surgeries on alternating knots, which is closely to related to a theorem of Delman and Roberts.     

Donaldson's theorem,Heegaard Floer homology,and knots with unknotting number one

We establish an obstruction to unknotting an alternating knot by a single crossing change. The obstruction is lattice-theoretic in nature, and combines Donaldson's diagonalization theorem with an obstruction developed by Ozsváth and Szabó using Heegaard Floer homology. As an application, we enumerate the alternating 3-braid knots with unknotting number one, and show that each has an unknotting crossing in its standard alternating diagram.     

A link surgery spectral sequence in monopole Floer homology

To a link L⊂S³, we associate a spectral sequence whose E² page is the reduced Khovanov homology of L and which converges to a version of the monopole Floer homology of the branched double cover. The pages Ek for k?2 depend only on the mutation equivalence class of L. We define a mod 2 grading on the spectral sequence which interpolates between the δ-grading on Khovanov homology and the mod 2 grading on Floer homology. We also derive a new formula for link signature that is well adapted to Khovanov homology.More generally, we construct new bigraded invariants of a framed link in a 3-manifold as the pages of a spectral sequence modeled on the surgery exact triangle. The differentials count monopoles over families of metrics parameterized by permutohedra. We utilize a connection between the topology of link surgeries and the combinatorics of graph-associahedra. This also yields simple realizations of permutohedra and associahedra, as refinements of hypercubes.     

Khovanov homology, open books, and tight contact structures

We define the reduced Khovanov homology of an open book (S,?), and identify a distinguished “contact element” in this group which may be used to establish the tightness or non-fillability of contact structures compatible with (S,?). Our construction generalizes the relationship between the reduced Khovanov homology of a link and the Heegaard Floer homology of its branched double cover. As an application, we give combinatorial proofs of tightness for several contact structures which are not Stein-fillable. Lastly, we investigate a comultiplication structure on the reduced Khovanov homology of an open book which parallels the comultiplication on Heegaard Floer homology defined in Baldwin (2008) [4].     

Floer Homology and the Heat Flow

We study the heat flow in the loop space of a closed Riemannian manifold M as an adiabatic limit of the Floer equations in the cotangent bundle. Our main application is a proof that the Floer homology of the cotangent bundle, for the Hamiltonian function kinetic plus potential energy, is naturally isomorphic to the homology of the loop space. J.W. received partial financial support from TH-Projekt 00321. Received: December 2004 Revision: September 2005 Accepted: September 2005     

Knot Floer Homology of (1, 1)-Knots

We present a combinatorial method for a calculation of the knot Floer homology of (1, l)-knots, and then demonstrate it for nonalternating (1, 1)-knots with 10 crossings and the pretzel knots of type (−2,m, n). Our calculations determine the unknotting numbers and 4-genera of the pretzel knots of this type.Mathematics Subject Classiffications (2000). 57M27, 57M25     

Some applications of Gabaiʼs internal hierarchy

Any Haken 3-manifold (possibly with boundary consisting of tori) can be transformed into a surface×S¹$\text{surface}\times S^1$ by a series of splitting and regluing along incompressible surfaces. This fact was proved by Gabai as an application of his sutured manifold theory. The first half of this paper provides a few technical details in the proof. In the second half of this paper, some applications of Gabai?s theorem to Heegaard Floer homology are given. We refine the known results about the Thurson norm and fibrations. We also give some classification results for Floer simple knots in manifolds with positive _b1$b_1$.     

On the equivalence of multiplicative structures in floer homology and quantum homology

In this paper, we will prove that Floer homology equipped with either the intrinsic or exterior product is isomorphic to quantum homology as a ring. We will also prove that GW-invariants in Floer homology and quantum homology are equivalent.     

An inequality for the h-invariant in instanton Floer theory

Given a smooth, compact, oriented 4-manifold X with a homology sphere Y as boundary and b₂⁺(X)=1, and given an embedded surface Σ⊂X of self-intersection 1, we prove an inequality relating h(Y), the genus of Σ, and a certain invariant of the orthogonal complement of [Σ] in the intersection form of X.     

On Separation Index of Heegaard Splittings

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Heegaard分解的重新分块

§ 1.Ｉｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎ　ＬｅｔＭｂｅａｃｏｍｐａｃｔ 3 ｍａｎｉｆｏｌｄ .ＩｆｔｈｅｒｅｉｓａｐｒｏｐｅｒｌｙｅｍｂｅｄｄｅｄｃｌｏｓｅｄｓｕｒｆａｃｅＳｉｎＭｗｈｉｃｈｓｅｐａｒａｔｅｓＭｉｎｔｏｔｗｏｃｏｍｐｒｅｓｓｉｏｎｂｏｄｉｅｓＨ1ａｎｄＨ2 ,ｔｈｅｎＭｃａｎｂｅｗｒｉｔｔｅｎａｓＭ =Ｈ1∪ＳＨ2 .ＴｈｉｓｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅｏｎＭｉｓｃａｌｌｅｄａＨｅｅｇａａｒｄｓｐｌｉｔｔｉｎｇｏｆＭａｎｄＳｉｓａｓｐｌｉｔｔｉｎｇｓｕｒｆａｃｅ .Ｈ1∪ＳＨ2 ｉｓｓａｉｄｔｏｂｅｒｅｄｕｃｉｂｌｅ…     

Floer–Novikov cohomology and the flux conjecture

We study Floer–Novikov cohomology with local coefficients and prove the flux conjecture for general closed symplectic manifolds. Received: February 2005, Revised: May 2006, Accepted: May 2006 Partially supported by the Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research No. 14003419, Japan Society for the Promotion of Sciences.     

Heegaard spines of 3-manifolds

Summary We describe a procedure to construct a 4-coloured graph representing a closed, connected 3-manifold M starting from a Heegaard diagram of M. As a consequence, we prove that, to each Heegaard diagram of a (closed) 3-manifold M, canonically corresponds a spine (Heegaard spine) of M.     

Thin Position of Heegaard Splittings

§１．ＢａｃｋｇｒｏｕｎｄａｎｄＭａｉｎＲｅｓｕｌｔｓＳｉｎｃｅｔｈｅｃｏｎｃｅｐｔｏｆｔｈｉｎｐｏｓｉｔｉｏｎｆｏｒｋｎｏｔｓｉｎｔｈｅ３－ｓｐｈｅｒｅｗａｓｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｅｄｂｙＧａｂａｉ［１］，ｍａｎｙｉｔｓａｐｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎｓｔｏｄｅａｌ...