Parity-induced Selmer growth for symplectic, ordinary families

Let p be an odd prime, and let K/K₀ be a quadratic extension of number fields. Denote by K_± the maximal Zp-power extensions of K that are Galois over K₀, with K₊ abelian over K₀ and K₋ dihedral over K₀. In this paper we show that for a Galois representation over K₀ satisfying certain hypotheses, if it has odd Selmer rank over K then for one of K_± its Selmer rank over L is bounded below by [L:K] for L ranging over the finite subextensions of K in K_±. Our method of proof generalizes a method of Mazur and Rubin, building upon results of Neková?, and applies to abelian varieties of arbitrary dimension, (self-dual twists of) modular forms of even weight, and (twisted) Hida families.     

Special cohomology classes for modular Galois representations

Building on ideas of Vatsal [Uniform distribution of Heegner points, Invent. Math. 148(1) (2002) 1-46], Cornut [Mazur's conjecture on higher Heegner points, Invent. Math. 148(3) (2002) 495-523] proved a conjecture of Mazur asserting the generic nonvanishing of Heegner points on an elliptic curve E_/Q as one ascends the anticyclotomic Z_p-extension of a quadratic imaginary extension K/Q. In the present article, Cornut's result is extended by replacing the elliptic curve E with the Galois cohomology of Deligne's two-dimensional ?-adic representation attached to a modular form of weight 2k>2, and replacing the family of Heegner points with an analogous family of special cohomology classes.     

On the independence of Heegner points in the function field case

Let ∞ be a fixed place of a global function field k. Let E be an elliptic curve defined over k which has split multiplicative reduction at ∞ and fix a modular parametrization ΦE:X₀(N)→E. Let be Heegner points associated to the rings of integers of distinct quadratic “imaginary” fields K₁,…,Kr over (k,∞). We prove that if the “prime-to-2p” part of the ideal class numbers of ring of integers of K₁,…,Kr are larger than a constant C=C(E,ΦE) depending only on E and ΦE, then the points P₁,…,Pr are independent in . Moreover, when k is rational, we show that there are infinitely many imaginary quadratic fields for which the prime-to-2p part of the class numbers are larger than C.     

On the variation of Tate-Shafarevich groups of elliptic curves over hyperelliptic curves

Let E be an elliptic curve over F=F_q(t) having conductor (p)·∞, where (p) is a prime ideal in F_q[t]. Let d∈F_q[t] be an irreducible polynomial of odd degree, and let . Assume (p) remains prime in K. We prove the analogue of the formula of Gross for the special value L(E⊗_FK,1). As a consequence, we obtain a formula for the order of the Tate-Shafarevich group Ш(E/K) when L(E⊗_FK,1)≠0.     

Visualizing elements of order two in the Weil-Châtelet group

Let E be an elliptic curve over an infinite field K with characteristic ≠2, and σ∈H¹(G_K,E)[2] a two-torsion element of its Weil-Châtelet group. We prove that σ is always visible in infinitely many abelian surfaces up to isomorphism, in the sense put forward by Cremona and Mazur in their article (J. Exp. Math. 9(1) (2000) 13). Our argument is a variant of Mazur's proof, given in (Asian J. Math. 3(1) (1999) 221), for the analogous statement about three-torsion elements of the Shafarevich-Tate group in the setting where K is a number field. In particular, instead of the universal elliptic curve with full level-three-structure, our proof makes use of the universal elliptic curve with full level-two-structure and an invariant differential.     

Tamagawa defect of Euler systems

As remarked by Mazur and Rubin [B. Mazur, K. Rubin, Kolyvagin systems, Mem. Amer. Math. Soc. 168 (799) (2004)] one does not expect the Kolyvagin system obtained from an Euler system for a p-adic Galois representation T to be primitive (in the sense of the above mentioned reference) if p divides a Tamagawa number at a prime ?≠p; thus fails to compute the correct size of the relevant Selmer module. In this paper we obtain a lower bound for the size of the cokernel of the Euler system to Kolyvagin system map in terms of the local Tamagawa numbers of T, refining a result of [B. Mazur, K. Rubin, Kolyvagin systems, Mem. Amer. Math. Soc. 168 (799) (2004)]. We show how this partially accounts for the missing Tamagawa factors in Kato's calculations with his Euler system.     

Sharp bounds for integral means

We introduce a bound M of f, ‖f‖_∞?M?2‖f‖_∞, which allows us to give for 0?p<∞ sharp upper bounds, and for −∞<p<0 sharp lower bounds for the average of |f|^p over E if the average of f over E is zero. As an application we give a new proof of Grüss's inequality estimating the covariance of two random variables. We also give a new estimate for the error term in the trapezoidal rule.     

Mazur module for elliptic curves

Under certain assumptions parameters of the Mazur module for an elliptic curve E over a extension K/K₀ are computed. This makes it possible, in particular, to prove in certain cases that the group E(K) is finitely generated without assuming that the groups E(K₀) and III(K₀/K₀, E) are finite.Translated from Matematicheskie Zametki, Vol. 17, No. 2, pp. 319–328, February, 1975.The author thanks Yu. I. Manin for his useful discussions and attention to my work.     

Density of positive rank fibers in elliptic fibrations

A question of Mazur asks whether for any non-constant elliptic fibration {Er}_r∈Q, the set {r∈Q:rank(Er(Q))>0}, if infinite, is dense in R (with respect to the Euclidean topology). This has been proved to be true for the family of quadratic twists of a fixed elliptic curve by a quadratic or a cubic polynomial. Here we settle Mazur's question affirmatively for the general quadratic and cubic fibrations. Moreover we show that our method works when Q is replaced by any real number field.     

Weak Leopoldt's conjecture for Hecke characters of imaginary quadratic fields

We give a proof of the weak Leopoldt's conjecture à la Perrin-Riou, under some technical condition, for the p-adic realizations of the motive associated to Hecke characters over an imaginary quadratic field K of class number 1, where p is a prime >3 and where the CM elliptic curve associated to the Hecke character has good reduction at the primes above p in K. This proof makes use of the 2-variable Iwasawa main conjecture proved by Rubin. Thus we prove the Jannsen conjecture for the above p-adic realizations for almost all Tate twists.     

Stark-Heegner points on modular Jacobians

We present a construction which lifts Darmon's Stark-Heegner points from elliptic curves to certain modular Jacobians. Let N be a positive integer and let p be a prime not dividing N. Our essential idea is to replace the modular symbol attached to an elliptic curve E of conductor Np with the universal modular symbol for Γ₀(Np). We then construct a certain torus T over Qp and lattice L⊂T, and prove that the quotient T/L is isogenous to the maximal toric quotient J₀(Np)^p-new of the Jacobian of X₀(Np). This theorem generalizes a conjecture of Mazur, Tate, and Teitelbaum on the p-adic periods of elliptic curves, which was proven by Greenberg and Stevens. As a by-product of our theorem, we obtain an efficient method of calculating the p-adic periods of J₀(Np)^p-new.     

Values of the Pukánszky invariant in McDuff factors

In 1960 Pukánszky introduced an invariant associating to every masa in a separable II₁ factor a non-empty subset of N∪{∞}. This invariant examines the multiplicity structure of the von Neumann algebra generated by the left-right action of the masa. In this paper it is shown that any non-empty subset of N∪{∞} arises as the Pukánszky invariant of some masa in a separable McDuff II₁ factor containing a masa with Pukánszky invariant {1}. In particular the hyperfinite II₁ factor and all separable McDuff II₁ factors with a Cartan masa satisfy this hypothesis. In a general separable McDuff II₁ factor we show that every subset of N∪{∞} containing ∞ is obtained as a Pukánszky invariant of some masa.     

Root numbers and ranks in positive characteristic

For a global field K and an elliptic curve E_η over K(T), Silverman's specialization theorem implies rank(E_η(K(T)))?rank(E_t(K)) for all but finitely many t∈P¹(K). If this inequality is strict for all but finitely many t, the elliptic curve E_η is said to have elevated rank. All known examples of elevated rank for K=Q rest on the parity conjecture for elliptic curves over Q, and the examples are all isotrivial.Some additional standard conjectures over Q imply that there does not exist a non-isotrivial elliptic curve over Q(T) with elevated rank. In positive characteristic, an analogue of one of these additional conjectures is false. Inspired by this, for the rational function field K=κ(u) over any finite field κ with characteristic ≠2, we construct an explicit 2-parameter family E_c,d of non-isotrivial elliptic curves over K(T) (depending on arbitrary c,d∈κ^×) such that, under the parity conjecture, each E_c,d has elevated rank.     

On the vanishing of Selmer groups for elliptic curves over ring class fields

Let E/Q be an elliptic curve of conductor N without complex multiplication and let K be an imaginary quadratic field of discriminant D prime to N. Assume that the number of primes dividing N and inert in K is odd, and let Hc be the ring class field of K of conductor c prime to ND with Galois group Gc over K. Fix a complex character χ of Gc. Our main result is that if LK(E,χ,1)≠0 then Selp(E/Hc)χ_⊗W=0 for all but finitely many primes p, where Selp(E/Hc) is the p-Selmer group of E over Hc and W is a suitable finite extension of Zp containing the values of χ. Our work extends results of Bertolini and Darmon to almost all non-ordinary primes p and also offers alternative proofs of a χ-twisted version of the Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer conjecture for E over Hc (Bertolini and Darmon) and of the vanishing of Selp(E/K) for almost all p (Kolyvagin) in the case of analytic rank zero.     

Approximation methods for common fixed points for a countable family of nonexpansive mappings

Let E=L_p or l_p space, 1<p<∞. Let K be a closed, convex and nonempty subset of E. Let be a family of nonexpansive self-mappings of K. For arbitrary fixed δ∈(0,1), define a family of nonexpansive maps by S_i?(1−δ)I+δT_i where I is the identity map of K. Let . It is proved that the iterative sequence {x_n} defined by: x₀∈K,x_n+1=α_nu+∑_i≥1σ_i,tnS_ix_n,n≥0 converges strongly to a common fixed point of the family where {α_n} and {σ_i,tn} are sequences in (0,1) satisfying appropriate conditions, in each of the following cases: (a) E=l_p,1<p<∞, and (b) E=L_p,1<p<∞ and at least one of the maps T_i’s is demicompact. Our theorems extend the results of [P. Maingé, Approximation methods for common fixed points of nonexpansive mappings in Hilbert space, J. Math. Anal. Appl. 325 (2007) 469-479] from Hilbert spaces to l_p spaces, 1<p<∞.     

On a vector space analogue of Kneser’s theorem

In a previous paper [X. Hou, K.H. Leung, Q. Xiang, A generalization of an addition theorem of Kneser, J. Number Theory 97 (2002) 1-9], the following result was established: let E⊂K be fields such that the algebraic closure of E in K is separable over E. Let A,B be E-subspaces of K such that 0<dim_EA<∞ and 0<dim_EB<∞. Then dim_EAB?dim_EA+dim_EB-dim_EH(AB), where AB is the E-space generated by {ab:a∈A,b∈B} and H(AB)={x∈K:xAB⊂AB}. The separability assumption was essential in the proof of this result. However, even without the separability assumption, no counterexample is known. The present paper shows that no counterexample can be found if dim_EA?5.     

For complex orientations preserving power operations, p-typicality is atypical

We show, for primes p?13, that a number of well-known MU(p)-rings do not admit the structure of commutative MU(p)-algebras. These spectra have complex orientations that factor through the Brown-Peterson spectrum and correspond to p-typical formal group laws. We provide computations showing that such a factorization is incompatible with the power operations on complex cobordism. This implies, for example, that if E is a Landweber exact MU(p)-ring whose associated formal group law is p-typical of positive height, then the canonical map MU(p)→E is not a map of H_∞ ring spectra. It immediately follows that the standard p-typical orientations on BP,E(n), and En do not rigidify to maps of E_∞ ring spectra. We conjecture that similar results hold for all primes.     

On Rubin’s variant of the <Emphasis Type="Italic">p</Emphasis>-adic Birch and Swinnerton–Dyer conjecture II

Let E/Q be an elliptic curve with complex multiplication by the ring of integers of an imaginary quadratic field K. In 1991, by studying a certain special value of the Katz two-variable p-adic L-function lying outside the range of p-adic interpolation, K. Rubin formulated a p-adic variant of the Birch and Swinnerton–Dyer conjecture when E(K) is infinite, and he proved that his conjecture is true for E(K) of rank one. When E(K) is finite, however, the statement of Rubin’s original conjecture no longer applies, and the relevant special value of the appropriate p-adic L-function is equal to zero. In this paper we extend our earlier work and give an unconditional proof of an analogue of Rubin’s conjecture when E(K) is finite.     

The Mazur product map on Hardy-type sequence spaces

We study certain Hardy-type sequence spaces Hp and , 1?p?∞, which are analogues of ?^∞ and c₀, respectively. We show that the Mazur product is not onto for every p∈(1,∞) with q=p⁻¹(p−1). We present corollaries for spaces defined via weighted ?p seminorms and for c₀. The latter corollary provides a new solution of Mazur's Problem 8 in the Scottish Book.