目标拦截的导引方法与仿真模拟

本文对目标拦截的导引方法进行了研究和模拟，是项目“军事指挥实时动态真实感模拟系统ＲＤＭＳＳ”的目标拦截模拟部分，主要内容是：对导弹的导引弹道进行了分析和模拟，并提出用样条预测的新方法进行目标导引；给出了模拟爆炸和火焰喷射的简易方法；最后在ＳＧＩ／Ｉｎｄｉｇｏ２上实现了一个简单的仿真模拟系统，对飞机的飞行、导弹及反导弹的发射和拦截过程作了成功的模拟，取得了良好的效果．     

凹腔稳燃超声速燃烧火焰闪回不稳定性的数值研究北大核心CSCD

针对等直截面超燃冲压发动机燃烧室中火焰闪回低频燃烧振荡现象,采用延迟分离涡模拟(DDES)的混合RANS/LES方法结合PaSR湍流燃烧模型进行了三维模拟研究.计算得到了完整的燃烧振荡周期,与实验中的低频燃烧振荡现象较为一致.低频燃烧振荡周期可分为凹腔火焰稳定、火焰回传、火焰吹熄3个阶段.通过分析低频燃烧振荡周期中不同阶段的燃烧流动状态,给出了可能的低频燃烧振荡的形成机制.研究结果表明,在整个低频燃烧振荡周期中燃烧室内没有发生热壅塞,燃烧室提供的背压和燃烧释热是燃烧室内形成低频燃烧振荡的关键.     

三维变弯度机翼前缘柔性蒙皮优化设计

光滑连续变弯度机翼前缘具有降低噪声和提升气动效率的优势.该文在二维翼型柔性蒙皮设计方法的基础上,提出了一种面向后掠机翼变弯度前缘柔性蒙皮的设计方法,其主要改进在于沿翼展方向对多个翼型进行同步优化、对目标函数进行修正从而解决了畸形变形问题,对现有带精英策略非支配排序遗传算法(NSGA-Ⅱ)进行修改以适应三维蒙皮的多目标优化求解.研究表明,与现有设计方法相比,该方法可使柔性蒙皮的变形精度提高27%,实现其在下垂状态下的高精度外形.     

挥发分对煤尘爆炸特性影响研究

为了研究挥发分对煤尘爆炸的影响,利用FCY-II粉尘云最低点火能测定仪和水平玻璃管煤尘爆炸试验系统,测定了不同挥发分含量的煤尘爆炸最小点火温度和爆炸产生的最大火焰长度,分析了挥发分对煤尘爆炸最低点火温度影响,即通常情况下挥发分含量越大,最低点火温度越高,个别煤样不符合此规律,是因为水分含量过高,对煤尘爆炸起到抑制作用.选用合适的湍流及燃烧的数学理论模型,应用CFD软件模拟不同挥发分含量下煤尘爆炸的最大火焰长度,模拟结果与试验数据比对,误差均20%,说明数值模拟结果可靠,模拟手段可行,为划分爆炸等级和制定防爆措施提供参考依据.     

热量再循环对有机尘埃微粒燃烧的影响

研究了热量再循环和不同式Lewis数,对有机尘埃微粒燃烧的作用.在微型燃烧室中,由于热量再循环的影响更加显而易见,所以建立更好的模拟微型燃烧室性能的计算模型显得十分必要.为了模拟有机尘埃微粒的燃烧,假定尘埃微粒首先被气化,氧化成为一种化学结构已知的气相,接着假定该可燃气体的化学结构为甲烷.为了研究火焰的结构和求解控制方程,认为火焰结构由3个区域组成,即预热气化区、反应区和后火焰区.通过从后火焰区到预热区的排热来评价再循环现象.问题如下分步求解:首先对各区域的控制方程无量纲化;接着对各区域应用必要的边界条件和协调条件;然后按分析模型,对控制方程以及必要的边界条件和协调条件,同时进行求解.表明,再循环和不同式Lewis数,对有机尘埃微粒的燃烧特性有着显著的影响,得到不同微粒半径时的燃烧速度曲线和温度曲线等.结果与已发表的试验数据吻合.     

图像识别在民机机体表面维修中的应用研究

在民机机体表面维修领域中,飞机蒙皮损伤检测是非常重要的环节.首先采集飞机蒙皮表面损伤图像,将采集到的图像分为裂纹和腐蚀损伤图像并完成图像预处理工作;为了获得有效准确的特征数据,采用一种结合主成分分析法和形状特征提取的特征提取方法;最后采用支持向量机分类模型进行分类识别,通过选择高斯径向基核函数和合适的惩罚因子,从而对蒙皮损伤类型进行精确分类识别.实验结果表明,该方法能够精确地完成分类识别工作,损伤识别准确率达到95%,满足飞机蒙皮损伤日常检测与维修的需求.     

电弧喷涂的喷嘴射流研究

紧邻电弧喷涂枪喷嘴产生的喷射尾流对生成涂层的性质有着显著的影响.采用计算流体力学(CFD)和纹影摄影技术阐明了喷射尾流的性质.纹影图像的检查结果显示,尾流的性质和宽度取决于用于热喷涂的丝材的方向.通过CFD方法,观察到激波在喷嘴孔口之后迅即形成,然后在下游尾流中衰减.     

电弧喷涂的喷嘴射流研究（英文）

紧邻电弧喷涂枪喷嘴产生的喷射尾流对生成涂层的性质有着显著的影响.采用计算流体力学(CFD)和纹影摄影技术阐明了喷射尾流的性质.纹影图像的检查结果显示,尾流的性质和宽度取决于用于热喷涂的丝材的方向.通过CFD方法,观察到激波在喷嘴孔口之后迅即形成,然后在下游尾流中衰减.     

灰色-模糊系统(GFS)方法用于预测开挖引起的山体失稳

针对山区复杂地形条件下工程开挖实际情况,利用模糊数学和灰色系统理论建立了预测山区地下开挖引起岩体及自然坡失稳的数学模型,并对具体矿山工程中岩体移动和自然坡失稳问题进行了计算和分析.提出了山区复杂地形条件下地下安全开采技术方案.     

曲面离散造型的切割磨光法

本文提出了形象地模拟美术及加工中的“切割磨光”技术进行曲面离散造型的一种外形设计方法。该方法计算简单,运算速度相当快,且具有B样条方法的一系列优点,可望在计算机辅助几何设计(CAGD)中获得重要应用。     

Large eddy simulation of coherent structures in rectangular methane non-premixed flame

Large eddy simulation of a three-dimensional spatially developing transitional free methane non-premixed flame is performed. The solver of the governing equations is based upon a projection method. The Smagorinsky model is utilized for the turbulent subgrid scale terms. A global reaction mechanism is applied for the simulation of methane/air combustion. Simulation results clearly illustrate the coherent structure of the rectangular non-premixed flame, consisting of three distinct zones in the near field. Periodic characteristics of the coherent structures in the rectangular non-premixed flame are discussed. The predicted structure of the flame is in good agreement with the experimental results. Distributions of species concentrations across the flame surfaces are illustrated and typical flame structures in the far field are analyzed. Local mass fraction analysis and flow visualization indicate that the black spots of the flames are due to strong entrainment of oxygen into the central jet by streamwise vortices, and breaking up of the flame is caused by an enormous amount of entrainment of streamwise vortices as well as stretching of spanwise vortices at the bottom of the flame.     

Examination of errors of table integration in flamelet/progress variable modeling of a turbulent non-premixed jet flame

A flamelet model implementation consists of two steps: the generation of a set of laminar flamelet solutions and the integration of the laminar flamelet solutions with presumed shape probability density functions (PDFs) to produce a flamelet table for turbulent flame simulations. Many studies have been done in the past to examine the effect of different flamelet modeling strategies including the effect of employing different laminar flamelet solutions for the modeling. However, little work has been done to examine the effect of different presumed PDF table integration approaches on different flamelet model predictions. This work aims at investigating the source of errors arising from the flamelet table integration. The flamelet/progress variable model is chosen as a representative flamelet model, and three different presumed PDF table integration approaches are compared to examine the effect of table integration on flamelet model predictions. A laboratory-scale turbulent non-premixed jet flame (Sandia flame D) is chosen as a test case for the examination. In general, some evident sensitivity of the modeling results to the different flamelet table integration approaches is observed. The underlying reasons for the performance difference of different approaches are explored, and it is found that a model that preserves the one-dimensional laminar flamelet structure during the presumed-PDF table integration can improve the model prediction accuracy. Different sources of errors involved in flamelet model implementation are investigated, including numerical integration errors, flamelet table errors, and the errors in the predictions of the flamelet independent variables.     

Application of Enthalpy Deficit Flamelet Model in Spray Combustion Simulation北大核心CSCD

An OpenFOAM-based solver for spray combustion simulation with the large eddy simulation (LES) and the flamelet generated manifold (FGM) method, was developed. A simple reduction of the temperature was employed to account for the evaporative heat loss. The solver was firstly validated against the Sydney piloted ethanol spray flame benchmark EtF7. The predicted mean gas temperature and droplet statistics correspond well with the experimental data and have similar accuracy to the spray flamelet model. The turbulence-chemistry interaction modeling may have a larger influence on the simulation accuracy. Then a realistic gas turbine slinger combustor was simulated with 2 sets of operating conditions. The simulation results reveal different flame characteristics of the 2 working conditions. The predicted total pressure losses are close to the measured values. © 2023 Editorial Office of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics. All rights reserved.     

The simulation of electrified liquid jets

The simulation of a two-dimensional electrified liquid jet is described. A finite difference technique is coupled with a computational fluid dynamic code to solve Poisson's equation and the Navier-Stokes equations at the electrostatic fluid-flow interface. The dynamics of free-surface electrohydrodynamic fluid flow are simulated for a dielectric fluid in an electrostatics nozzle and a conducting two-dimensional jet. The fluid flow in a nozzle is compared with and without an applied electric field, and the effects of adding a grounded conducting cylinder to the configuration is demonstrated. A set of time sequence graphs are used to illustrate the breakup of a charged jet into droplets, and the influence of viscosity on jet formation and breakup is depicted.     

Extended flamelet model and improved interaction of chemistry and turbulence for modeling partially premixed combustion with a joint PDF method

Turbulent combustion is commonly categorized into premixed, non-premixed and partially premixed combustion. For nonpremixed combustion simulations the laminar flamelet concept proved to be very valuable while for the more complex case of partially premixed combustion this model shows considerable deficiencies. Here, the classical laminar flamelet approach is extended to the partially premixed combustion regime. For that, the joint statistics of mixture fraction, scalar dissipation rate and a progress variable, calculated with a joint probability density function (PDF) method, is used to get the statistics of the compositions and of the chemical energy source term from pre-processed flame tables. This approach can be compared with the unsteady flamelet concept; the main differences consists of the way the progress variable evolution is computed and in the pre-computed flame tables. The progress variable describes the point of time a fluid parcel is consumed by a flame front. The fluid parcels are represented by computational particles, which are used for PDF methods. The pre-computed flame tables are computed from steady solutions 2D stabilized flames propagating into an unburnt mixture with varying mixture fraction. The corresponding position of a fluid particle in such a 2D laminar flame is determined by its mixture fraction and a burning time; both to be modeled for each computational particle in the PDF simulation. Numerical experiments of turbulent diffusion jet flames demonstrate that this approach can be employed for challenging test cases. (© 2008 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

泄爆诱导的湍流、旋涡和外部爆炸

基于k-ε湍流模型和Eddy-dissipation燃烧模型,采用同位网格SIMPLE算法,对充满甲烷-氧气预混气的带导管柱形泄爆容器向空气中泄爆的情形进行了数值模拟．根据计算结果,分析了泄爆后外流场中可燃云团、火焰和压力的变化过程．结果表明,外部爆炸是因射流火焰点燃高压区中的可燃云团,从而引起的剧烈湍流燃烧所致．同时还讨论了外流场湍流和涡量的分布特征．射流火焰进入外部可燃云团后,湍流主要分布在平均动能梯度较大的区域,而不在火焰阵面上．涡量分布主要受斜压效应的影响,在压力和密度梯度斜交区域,其值较大．     

Asymptotics and numerics for non-Newtonian jet dynamics

This work deals with the modeling and simulation of non-Newtonian jet dynamics. Proceeding from a 3d boundary value problem of upper-convected Maxwell equations, a 1d viscoelastic string model can be derived asymptotically. The resulting system of PDEs has a hyperbolic-elliptic character with an additional differential constraint. Its applicability regime is limited depending on physical parameters and boundary conditions. Numerical results are shown for gravitational in-/outflow set-ups. (© 2013 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Modeling and simulation of plasma jet by lattice Boltzmann method

In order to find a simple and efficient simulation for plasma spray process, an attempt of modeling was made to calculate velocity and temperature field of the plasma jet by hexagonal 7-bit lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) in this paper. Utilizing the methods of Chapman–Enskog expansion and multi-scale expansion, the authors derived the macro equations of the plasma jet from the lattice Boltzmann evolution equations on the basis of selecting two opportune equilibrium distribution functions. The present model proved to be valid when the predictions of the current model were compared with both experimental and previous model results. It is found that the LBM is simpler and more efficient than the finite difference method (FDM). There is no big variation of the flow characteristics, and the isotherm distribution of the turbulent plasma jet is compared with the changed quantity of the inlet velocity. Compared with the velocity at the inlet, the temperature at the inlet has a less influence on the characteristics of plasma jet.     

Progress in the Self-Similar Turbulent Flame premixed combustion model

This paper is devoted to premixed combustion modeling in turbulent flow. First, we briefly remind the main features of the Self-Similar Turbulent Flame model that was more extensively developed in a former paper. Then, we carefully describe some improvements of the model. The determination of the turbulent flame velocity is based on the observed self-similarity of the turbulent flame and uses the local flame brush width as a fundamental parameter, which must be retrieved. With respect to the former version, we now derive more rigorously how the density variation has to be taken into account in the width retrieving function. We reformulate the diffusion term as a classical flux divergence term. We enforce the compatibility of the model for the limit of weak turbulence. We include a contracting effect of the source term, thus allowing to give a stationary mono-dimensional asymptotic solution with a finite width. We also include in a preliminary form, a stretch factor, which proves to be useful for controlling the flame behavior close to the flame holder and near the walls. The model implementation in the Star-CD CFD code is then tested on three different flame configurations. Finally, we shortly discuss the model improvements and the simulation results.     

Simulation of a Nozzle-Jet Configuration Including the Acoustic Near-Field

A numerical simulation setup is presented which allows to study a circular jet flow configuration in which the nozzle is included in the simulation domain. Direct Numerical Simulations (DNS) are performed using up to 10^th order compact finite-difference schemes which are stabilized by applying a mild low-pass filter. A parallelization approach has been implemented which shows good weak and strong scaling behavior. At the inflow the Synthetic Eddy Method is employed to generate turbulent fluctuations in the nozzle boundary layer with prescribed statistics, which are imposed by a sponge (forcing) layer technique. Simulation results for the jet flow field obtained at Reynolds number Re_D = 19000 and a Mach number Ma = 0.9 as well as for the acoustic near-field are found to be in good agreement with recent nozzle-jet simulation results as well as experimental findings. (© 2012 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)