Polysaccharides of saponin-bearing plants XI. An investigation of the polysaccharides ofAcanthophyllum knorringianum

Polysaccharides have been isolated from the epigeal organs and roots ofAcanthophyllum knorringianum and their quantitative levels and qualitative compositions have been established. A neutral polysaccharide of the epigeal organs belongs to the mannoarabinoglucogalactan type, and a neutral polysaccharide from the roots, to the arabinoglucogalactans.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, fax (371) 120 64 75. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 169–170, March–April, 1999.     

Polysaccharides of saponin-bearing plants. X. An investigation of the carbohydrates ofAcanthophyllum pungens

Polysaccharides have been isolated from the epigeal and hypogeal organs ofAcanthophyllum pungens and their qualitative presence and quantitative compositions have been determined. A neutral polysaccharide from the epigeal organs is of the galactan type, while a neutral polysaccharide from the roots is a glucogalactan.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, fax (3712) 40 64 75. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 693–695, September–October, 1997.     

Preliminary investigation of the water-soluble polysaccharides from the leaves of the bambooSasamorpha chiisanensis

It has been shown that the water-soluble polysaccharides of the leaves of the bambooSasamorpha chiisanensis Nak., after the removal of starch, contain residues of D-galactose, D-glucose, mannose, arabinose, D-xylose, rhamnose, and glucuronic and galacturonic acids and form an involved polysaccharide complex. Eight polysaccharide fractions differing in their uronic acid contents and in the ratio of neutral sugars have been isolated with the aid of chromatography on DEAE-cellulose.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 44–48, January–February, 1987.     

Polysaccharides of saponin-bearing plants. II. Isolation and characterization of the polysaccharides ofBiebersteinia multifida

The polysaccharides of the tuberous roots ofBiebersteinia multifida D. C. have been isolated and characterized. The neutral polysaccharide consists of a mixture of three glucans — A, B, and C — with molecular weights of 4100, 2200, and 1100, respectively, formed by D-glucopyran residues linked by bonds.Deceased.Institute of the Chemistry of Plants Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 755–757, November–December, 1985.     

Lipids of the vegetative and generative organs ofHibiscus sp.

The lipids of the leaves, stems, and roots ofHibiscus sp. have been studied. Their fatty acid compositions have been determined. The greatest amount of unsaturated fatty acids was present in the glycolipids of the leaves and the stems. More than 25% of low-molecular-mass C₁₀-C₁₂ fatty acids have been found in the neutral lipids of the roots.Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 705–708, September–October, 1996. Original article submitted March 11, 1996.     

Structures of fersin and fersinin

Two new compounds — fersin and fersinin — have been isolated from the neutral fraction of the total extractive substances from the roots ofFerula soongorica. Their structures have been established on the basis of chemical transformations and spectral characteristics.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, FAX (3712) 89 14 75. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 4, pp. 504–506, July–August, 1994.     

Polysaccharide from the leaves ofPhytolacca americana

A polysaccharide has been isolated from the leaves ofPhytolacca americana and has been characterized. It has been established that it contains residues of galactose, arabinose, xylose, and rhamnose, in a ratio of 3:4:1:3 and also D-galacturonic acid (85–90%). The results obtained permit the polysaccharide to be assigned to the class of pectin substances.All-Union Oncologic Scientific Center, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 166–169, March–April, 1982.     

Polysaccharides ofPolygonatum II. A study of the dynamics of the accumulation of the polysaccharides ofPolygonatum sewerzowii

Summary The amounts of water-soluble polysaccharides in various organs ofPolygonatum sewerzowii in different vegetation periods have been determined and their polysaccharide compositions have been established.The maximum amount of water-soluble polysaccharides is present in the leaves and stems in the fruit-bearing period, in the roots at the time of budding, and in the rhizomes at the time of flowering. The quantitatively predominating component in the polysaccharides of the stems is galactose, and in the leaves, roots, and rhizomes, mannose. D-Mannose has been isolated from the rhizomes and leaves.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 11, pp. 3–5, January–February, 1979.     

Structure of the xyloglucan of the leaves ofHeracleum sosnowskyi

The results are given of investigations of the polysaccharide complex of the leaves ofHeracleum sosnowskyi. The complex was isolated from the leaves by extraction with alkali.M. V. Lomonosov Odessa Technological Institute of the Food Industry. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 3, pp. 282–284, May–June, 1984.     

Large-Scale Purification of Water-Soluble Polysaccharides from Flaxseed Mucilage, and Isolation of a New Anionic Polymer

Summary Viscous flaxseed mucilage has previously been described as a mixture of two polysaccharides (acidic and neutral). In this study, we have shown that a combination of ion exchange and size exclusion chromatography enables purification of three distinct polysaccharides. Molecular weight (Mw) analysis, performed by size-exclusion chromatography on line with a multi-angle laser light-scattering detector, revealed that the main polysaccharide (75%) was a neutral polymer with a Mw of approximately 1.2 × 10⁶ g mol^–1. The two others were acidic polysaccharides denoted AF₁ (3.75%, 6.5 × 10⁵ g mol^–1) and AF₂ (21.25%, 1.7 × 10⁴ g mol^–1).Presented at: International Symposium on Separation and Characterization of Natural and Synthetic Macromolecules, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, February 5–7, 2003     

Neutral lipids and polysaccharides of kenaf processing wastes

The class composition and fatty-acid composition of the neutral lipids of kenaf processing wastes have been studied. The presence of acetates of triterpene alcohols and of free triterpenols has been established by physicochemical methods of analysis in the neutral lipids of kenaf. Hemicelluloses and cellulose predominate in the polysaccharide complex of kenaf chaff. Among the hemicelluloses, the xylans predominate.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 25–27, January–February, 1990.     

Asparagus polysaccharides. I. Isolation and characterization of polysaccharides ofA. neglectus: Glucomannans of the roots

Water-soluble polysaccharides and pectin substances have been isolated from various organs ofA. neglectus and their quantitative amounts and monosacchardie compositions have been determined. Native acetylated glucomannans (A, B, and C) containing 13, 15, and 20% of acetyl groups and being homogeneous according to the results of gel chromatography have been isolated from the roots. On the basis of the results of periodate oxidation, methylation, and IR spectroscopy it has been established that the neutral polysaccharides of the roots ofA. neglectus is a mixture of three glucomannans consisting of -14 linear-bound D-gluco- and D-mannopyranose residues.Deceased.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 702–706, November–December, 1981.     

Polysaccharides of iridaceae V. Characterization of the neutral fraction of the water soluble polysaccharide from Juno drepanophylla

From the WSPS-I of the bulbs with roots ofJuno drepanophylla, 15 fractions have been isolated by fractionation on DEAE-cellulose. Fractions 1 and 2 together made up 53% of the total weight of the fractions. Fraction 1 proved to be homogeneous on ultracentrifugation, on passage through Sepharose-4B, and on high-pressure LC. The results of the analysis of the methylated product of fraction 1 differed little from those for the initial polysaccharide.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 4, pp. 415–418, July–August, 1986.     

Polysaccharide composition ofPolygonum aviculare

A polysaccharide isolated from the epigeal parts ofPolygonum aviculare has been fractionated. It has been shown that the initial polysaccharide consists of at least four fractions differing in their monosaccharide compositions and physico-mechanical properties.I. P. Pavlov Ryazan' Medical Institute. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 619–622, September–October, 1985.     

Analysis of the neutral ginsenosides of wild and plantation roots of Panax ginseng growing in maritime territory

A procedure is proposed for determining ginsenosides with the aid of a Milikhrom liquid chromatograph. A comparative and quantitative analysis has been made of the neutral ginsenosides of the total glycoside fractions obtained from the roots of wild and plantation ginseng (Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer) growing in Maritime Territory. It has been shown that the amount of each ginsenoside and their total vary over a wide range in both wild and plantation roots.Pacific Ocean Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-Eastern Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 237–242, March–April, 1993.     

Plant polysaccharides. IX. Isolation and anticoagulant activity of the polysaccharides ofLagochilus usunachmaticus

A polysaccharide possessing pronounced direct-action anticoagulant activity has been isolated from the epigeal part ofLagochilus usunachmaticus.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, fax (3712) 40 64 75. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 690–692, September–October, 1997.     

Structure of the pectic acid of Matricaria chamomilla

Summary The main features of the structure of the pectic acid from the racemes of German chanomile have been established. The main polysaccharide chain consists of D-galacturonic acid residues in the pyranose form with -14 bonds. Isolated single-unit branches of the neutral monosaccharides galactose, arabinose, and xylose are possible. L-rhamnose, which was isolated from the degradation products of the permethylated pectic acid only in the form of 3,4-di-O-methyl-L-rhamnose is apparently included in the main polysaccharide chain.I. P. Pavlov Ryazan' Medical Institute. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 186–189, March–April, 1977.     

Polysaccharides ofPanax ginseng

Summary 1. A polysaccharide fraction consisting of about 40% by weight of the roots has been isolated from the roots ofPanax ginseng C. A. Mey and characterized.2. It has been established that the polysaccharides of ginseng contain a glucan of the starch type and a pectin.Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, Vol. 2, No. 5, pp. 299–303, 1966     

Fractionation of the hemicelluloses of the leaves ofPolygonum weyrichii and characterization of the structure of the arabinoxyloglucan isolated

The results are given of investigations of the polysaccharide complex of the leaves ofPolygonum weyrichii. The complex was isolated by alkaline extraction from the leaves. The water-soluble fraction of the alkali-soluble hemicelluloses has been characterized. It consists of an arabinoxyloglucan. Information is given on the isolation and characterization of the composition and properties of the xyloglucan. Structural features of the biopolymer have been investigated.M. V. Lomonosov Odessa Technological Institute of the Food Industry. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 12–15, January–February, 1984.