原子捕集－火焰原子吸收光谱法测定人发中的微量铜

本文详细地考查了原子捕集的测定条件及介质的影响，成功地测定了人发中的微量铜。原子捕集法的灵敏度在捕集时间为１ｍｉｎ时为常规法的８．７倍，加标回收率９４．４％－１００．４％。     

火焰原子吸收光谱法测定茶叶中的钾、钠、铷

本文报道了空气－乙炔火焰原子吸收光谱法测定茶叶中钾,钠,铷的含量。茶叶采用硝酸消解,方法简单,快速,回收率为９９．９％－１０５．２％,相对标准偏差为２．７８％－８．９６％。     

流动注射在线液-液萃取FAAS法测定地表水中痕量铜

研讨了流动注射在线液－液萃取火焰原子吸收光谱法测定地表水中痕量铜的分析方法。采用ＡＰＤＣ为螯合剂,ＭＩＢＫ在线萃取后注入原子吸收光谱仪测定,其相对标准偏差（ＲＳＤ）为３．５％;检出限（３σ）为９．１１＊１０＾－２μｇ．Ｌ＾－１,加标回收率为９５％－１０３％。     

微量进样火焰原子吸收法测定血球血浆中锌的含量

本文介绍在国产ＷＹＸ－４０２型原子吸收分光光度计上，用微量进样测定血球、血浆中Ｚｎ的含量，获得了与常规原子吸收法相同的灵敏度，一次测定的进样量为３００μＬ，测得血球中锌的平均回收率为９７．９％，相对标准偏差为３．４％，血浆中锌平均回收率为１００．８５，相对标准偏差为３．３％。     

稀土Ce原子对纯Fe作用的穆斯堡尔谱研究

对含不同Ｃｅ量（０．００２％，０．０１５％，０．０１８％，０．０２０％，０．０４０％，０．０５１％，０．０９２％）的纯Ｆｅ试样和α－Ｆｅ标样进行了室温穆斯堡尔谱测量，经计算机解谱后，应用Ｍ·Ｓ理论分析了稀土元素Ｃｅ与Ｆｅ原子之间的交互作用。重点分析了稀土Ｃｅ原子对Ｆｅ原子核外电子密度和电场梯度的影响，根据穆斯堡尔参数化学位移（ＩＳ）和四极矩分离（ＱＳ）的变化，探讨了Ｃｅ原子在纯Ｆｅ中的存在状态和对Ｆｅ原子核的作用结果。     

涂锆石墨管石墨炉原子吸收法测定水样中的有机锡和无机锡

本文用涂锆石墨管石墨原子吸收光谱法直接进样测定了样品中总锡含量,用氢化物发生－有机溶剂萃取石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定了样品中有机锡,并通过差减法求得无机锡含量,无机锡和有机锡的测定检测限分别为２７ｐｇ和５８ｐｇ,精工为２．０４％和２．１３％,该方法可用于不同水样中有机和无机锡的测定,回收率在９０．５％－９８．５％之间。     

原子吸收光谱法测定有机锗（Ge—132）中的锗及其杂质

火焰原子吸收法测定有机锗（Ｇｅ－１３２）中的锗，线性浓度范围为０－１．２５ｍｇ／ｍＬ，方法精度为１．２％，相对标准偏差〉２％，平均回收率为９９．５％，杂质Ｐｂ和Ａｓ用塞曼石墨炉原子吸收测定，Ｐｂ用（ＮＨ４）２ＨＰＯ４＋Ｍｇ作改进剂，Ａｓ用Ｐｄ作改进剂，特征质量分别为８．２ｐｇ和８ｐｇ，相对标准偏差分别为２．１％和２．２％，并讨论了有关机理问题。     

火焰原子吸收法对高含量氯化锌的快速测定

介绍了火焰原子吸收采用次灵敏线测定高含量氯化锌的方法,并确定了仪器的最佳工作条件。该方法快速、简便、准确,利用本方法测定高含量氯化锌得到了满意的结果,样品测定的回收率为97．5％－102．5％,相对标准偏差为0．49％－1．01％。     

原子吸收光谱法测定金属原子簇化合物中铬

报道了利用火焰原子吸收谱法测定金属原子簇化合物中铬,用钠离子消 除共存元素干扰,本法简便、快速,具有良好的准确度和精密度,相对标准偏差为0．60％－0．67％,回收率为100％－103％。     

用FAAS法测定铅电解液中的铜和银

本文采用原子吸收法测定铅电争液中的Ｃｕ和Ａｇ。Ｃｕ的相对标准偏差为５．１％,Ａｇ的相对标准偏差为４．２％,方法简单,回收率在９６．７％－１０６．７％之间。     

基于梯度下降法直接拟合光谱吸收信号的气体浓度测量方法研究

可调谐二极管激光吸收光谱技术由于选择性强、灵敏度高、精确度高、非侵入式测量等优点,被广泛应用于大气环境监测、燃烧流场诊断、工业过程控制、人体呼吸探测等领域。直接吸收技术和波长调制技术是可调谐二极管激光吸收光谱技术两种不同的测量手段,其中直接吸收技术测量系统结构简单、信号处理相对容易、成本较低、避免提前标定,在测量气体为常量组分时广泛使用。直接吸收技术测量气体浓度时,首先需要从光谱吸收信号中得到一条表示未吸收的基线信号,这一过程被称为基线拟合。基线拟合不准确会给测量结果带来较大误差,这也是直接吸收技术难以达到低探测限的原因之一。针对上述问题,基于梯度下降法,将基线、气体浓度、吸收线型等作为未知量,通过建立激光吸收光谱信号的数学模型,对透射信号直接拟合,最终得到气体的浓度信息。这种方法同步拟合了线型和基线,相比传统的积分面积法,增强了拟合的整体一致性。在近红外激光吸收光谱气体浓度检测系统上,利用中心波长在1 580 nm处的分布反馈式激光器,通过该方法对实际浓度为10%,12%,14%,16%,18%和20%的CO₂进行了测量,并将测量结果与积分面积法测量结果进行对比。研究结果显示,六种浓度下直接拟合法的曲线拟合方差均小于1×10-4,测量浓度的最小相对误差仅为0.90%,最大相对误差为4.40%,此时迭代时间在4 s以内,计算检测限为0.39%;直接拟合法和积分面积法得到的浓度平均相对误差分别为2.63%和5.74%,直接拟合法优于积分面积法。实验研究验证了基于梯度下降法直接拟合光谱吸收信号的气体浓度测量方法的可行性与准确性,为直接吸收技术提供了一个新的思路。     

邻近非共振线校正背景-火焰原子吸收光谱法测定高盐食品中的铅

介绍了高盐食品中铅的火焰原子吸收光谱测定方法;用铅283.3nm共振线测定样品溶液中铅的原子吸收信号与背景吸收信号之和,另选一条铅280nm非共振线测定样品溶液的背景吸收信号,然后减掉背景吸收信号.方法相对标准偏差为0.8％-4.1％,回收率为91％-102.5.％.该方法简便、快速、准确,用于高盐食品中铅的测定,结果令人满意.     

Elastic characterization of closed cell foams from impedance tube absorption tests

A method is presented to determine the bulk elastic properties of isotropic elastic closed-cell foams from impedance tube sound absorption tests. For such foams, a resonant sound absorption is generally observed, where acoustic energy is transformed into mechanical vibration, which in turn is dissipated into heat due to structural damping. This article shows how the bulk Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, and damping loss factor can be deduced from the resonant absorption. Also, an optimal damping loss factor yielding 100% of absorption at the first resonance is defined from the developed theory. The method is introduced for a sliding edge condition which is an ideal condition. Then, the method is extended to a bonded edge condition which is more easily achievable and additionally enables the identification of the Poisson's ratio. The method is experimentally tested on expanding closed-cell foams to find their elastic properties in both cases. Using the found properties, sound absorption predictions using an equivalent solid model with and without surface absorption are compared to measurements. Good correlations are obtained when considering surface absorption.     

Determination of the deuterium abundance in water using a cw chemical DF laser

This paper describes a new method for the determination of the deuterium content in water samples. The absorption of the radiation of a cw deuterium fluoride laser by HDO in water vapor is measured by means of a nonresonant spectrophone (optoacoustic detector). This method enables one to evaluate the isotope ratio of hydrogen in a rather simple and straightforward way. Advantage is taken of the fact that HDO absorbs some of the DF laser lines whereas H₂O shows no absorption. Due to the small concentration in natural water deuterium is practically entirely present as HDO. Therefore a selective determination of the deuterium content is possible. In the course of the investigation the absorption coefficients of HDO for the different laser lines were determined. It was thereby established that there exists a strong coincidence of an HDO absorption line with the 2P2 DF laser line. The detection sensitivity of the method was then examined for some selected laser lines. The concentration of HDO in natural water samples could be determined with an accuracy of better than 10%. The experiments, however, show that with appropriate improvements it should be possible to achieve an accuracy of better than 1%. This makes the method very interesting as an analytical tool in hydrology.     

出口重晶石中的痕量汞FIA-冷原子吸收法测定

本文介绍FIA-冷原子吸收法测定重晶石中的痕量汞，方法简便、快速，准确度与精确度均能获得满意结果。方法的回收率在97．8％－103．2％，相对标准偏差（RSD）为0．7％－5．34％．     

火焰原子吸收光谱法测定重晶石中镉

本文介绍了用火焰原子吸收法测定重晶石中微量镉的方法。利用本方法测定重晶石中的微量镉得到了满意的结果。回收率９７．５％￣１０１．２％，相对标准偏差（ＲＳＤ）１．６８％￣４．４９％。     

TDLAS直接吸收法测量CO_2的基线选择方法

本文基于可调谐半导体激光吸收谱线(TDLAS)技术的直接吸收测量,选用中心工作波长为1 580 nm的DFB激光器,在室温及大气常压条件下检测了模拟烟气中的CO_2浓度;采用去峰拟合法和纯N2线拟合法获得基线后反算出了CO_2的浓度,并将反算结果进行了对比。结果表明:采用纯N2线拟合法反算出的浓度的最大相对误差为2.64%,均方值为1.69%;采用去拟合法反算出的浓度的最大相对误差为9.81%,均方值为7.81%。以纯N2吸收谱线作基线的纯N2线拟合方法反算出的浓度的准确度较高,可以为CO_2浓度测量的基线选择提供参考。     

A semi-empirical approach to determine gamma activities in environmental cylindrical samples

A semi-empirical method to determine radionuclide concentrations in large environmental samples without the use of reference material and avoiding the typical complexity of Monte-Carlo codes is proposed. The calculation of full-energy peak efficiencies was carried out from a relative efficiency curve (obtained from the gamma spectra data), and the geometric (simulated by Monte-Carlo), absorption, sample and intrinsic efficiencies for energies between 130 and 3000 keV. The absorption and sample efficiencies were determined from the mass absorption coefficients, whereas the intrinsic efficiency was approximated by an empirical function. The deviations between calculated and experimental efficiencies for a reference material in most cases are less than 10%. Radionuclide activities in marine sediment samples calculated by the proposed method and by the experimental comparative method were not significantly different. This new method can be used for routine environmental monitoring when uncertainties up to 10% are acceptable.     

火焰原子吸收分光光度法测定水磨粉中的铁

本文研究了水磨粉中微量元素铁的火焰原子吸收分光光度法测定，方法简便、省时、具有良好的精密度和准确度。平均相对标准偏差为0.45%，平均回收率为98.0%。